"There is an issue here about demeaning the whole historical and contemporary importance of the Holocaust," Giuliani said. "When people misuse descriptions like that, in essence they do a grave injustice to the people who suffered in the Holocaust and to the reality of what the Holocaust was all about."

-NY Times 3/10/2000 Giuliani Won't Move on Art Show

There's a fundamental question about the Giuliani as Hitler controversy nobody seems willing to ask let alone answer. Does comparing Giuliani to Hitler demean the Holocaust if Giuliani is in fact a modern day exponent of Nazi-like ideas on race?

In order to intelligently answer this question one needs a historical understanding of Nazism beyond knowing that Hitler killed six million Jews. While the systematic extermination of European Jewery is among the most uniquely horrific episodes in human history it was not all that Hitler, Nazism or the Third Reich were trying to achieve. Eliminating Jews was actually a localized subset of a much larger idea known as Eugenics.

Proponents of Eugenics don't necessarily hate those of other races. There are economic and social aspects of Eugenics distinct from the blatant hatred of anti-Semitism or the anti-Black prejudice that's common in the U.S. Often the justifications offered by proponents of Eugenics focus on economic and social gains to society that can be achieved by its application.

Mayor Giuliani's defenders claim he's not a racist. In a very limited sense they may be right. The Mayor's ideology in terms of race and Eugenics focuses on economic issues and so-called quality of life. Let us not forget however that the main justification the Southern States offered for slavery was also economic as was Hitler's justification for euthanizing and sterilizing millions of German citizens, for invading Eastern Europe and to a large extent for the Holocaust itself. German business interests reaped huge economic benefits from the Holocaust and from the application by the Nazis of Eugenics. Here in New York City, business interests also have been the prime beneficiaries of Giuliani's Eugenics based policies.

    Eugenics-Award winning family in Kansas in 1923

Eugenics treats human beings as breeding stock, like farm animals. Eugenicists are preoccupied with issues of racial superiority, racial mixing, racial degeneration and the effects on modern economic society of race generally. So-called "positive" Eugenics deals with promoting socially and economically advantageous human breeding while "negative" Eugenics focuses on the culling out of those with undesirable traits.

Long before Hitler created German laws requiring forcible sterilization, euthanasia and his ultimate Eugenics program, the Holocaust, the pioneers of Eugenics who originated Hitler's ideas were British and American scientists. With the financial backing of some of the world's most famous industrialists like John D. Rockefeller, Cecil Rhodes, Andrew Carnegie and Henry Ford, they were able to promote Eugenics to an amazingly successful degree. Thanks to a century of propaganda distorting and disguising their real purposes, the influential foundations these men endowed with their wealth are viewed as humanitarian, even as mankind's hope for salvation.

By the 1920's many States had passed Eugenics laws requiring involuntary sterilization of mental defectives. Tens of thousands of African Americans, Native Americans and other minorities were deliberately mislabeled as defectives and then sterilized by our government in order to prevent them from reproducing.

Most of those sterilized were actually normal. By the 1930's States were proposing even more extreme policies including compulsory euthanasia for chronic criminal behavior, for the mentally ill and for those with certain diseases. Hitler publicly acknowledged that he directly modeled the Eugenics laws of Nazi Germany on those of the United States.

Due to revelations about the Holocaust that surfaced after WWII the Eugenics movement was forced to reinvent itself under various fronts. Nevertheless, it has continued its work to the present day with programs like the Human Genome Project, the Center for Disease Control, various "humanitarian" Population Councils within the UN and in private organizations such as the Rockefeller Foundation, The Pioneer Fund and the Manhattan Institute. The ideas and goals of Eugenics are behind issues as diverse as the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia, the African AIDs crisis and genetically manipulated seeds being forced on farmers.

Not all Eugenics proponents wear white sheets or decorate their homes with Nazi memorabilia. Mainstream Eugenics is usually presented as beneficent aid to poor people, as scientific research or as enlightened social policy and reform. At its opposite extreme the ideas manifest as murder and mayhem committed against ethnic and racial minorities.

A common belief of the proponents of American Eugenics in the early part of this century was that poor immigrants who were coming to the United States in the millions each year such as the Irish, Italians and Eastern European Jews were unhealthy, mentally inferior and a dangerous army of potential Marxists who would destroy the nation genetically, economically and politically. Today the immigrant groups that are the focus of this ideological attack in the United States are primarily Latino. In Austria, Hitler's birthplace and today the stronghold of Giuliani's recent dinner pal Jorg Haider, it's the Turks who are the hated and feared immigrant threat. In other words Eugenics ideology is not focused solely on the Jewish people. The Japanese, to take just one more outstanding national example, had a comparable Eugenics program to Hitler's which viewed Chinese and Koreans as inferior races. Millions of innocent civilians were interned, murdered, raped and experimented on by the Japanese in acts as horrific as anything done by the Nazis.

Hitler claimed that hundreds of years of Jewish participation in German society was responsible for Germany's economic, social and spiritual troubles. According to Hitler, Jewish intermarriage and social influence was a poison destroying the Aryan race. These claims are virtually identical to those made today by the White Supremacy movement in the U.S. against Blacks, Asians and Latinos.

However it's not only fringe groups and fundamentalists who hold these beliefs. American governmental officials at the highest level and many of the nation's top bankers and industrialists knew about the Holocaust before it had begun and did nothing whatsoever to stop it. In fact, they helped finance it.

It was not only Jews that Hitler and his financial backers had a problem with. Eastern Europeans, Slavs, Russians, Gypsies, Africans and Latin Americans were also races they intended to decimate. Communists, not a race but adherents of a political ideology, were also a key target of Hitler's world-wide Eugenics program. In other words, what Hitler intended was not just a Jewish Holocaust but a plan to eliminate hundreds of millions of representatives of various racial, ethnic and political groups around the world. The motivation was at least as much about gaining economic advantage as about racial prejudice.

One might reasonably ask how the German people, considered by many to be the best educated and most cultured population in the world at that time, could accept this ideology. German Jews made a tremendous contribution to German society and culture over hundreds of years and were a major force in its economy, its military, its government and its industry. German Jews were the most assimilated Jews in the world, often indistinguishable from their non-Jewish neighbors. Millions of Germans including Hitler and various other top Nazis had Jewish relatives whose existence they made great efforts to hide.

One way to understand how the German people could participate in the Holocaust is to look at how African Americans are viewed in this country. Despite the undeniable historical fact that Black Americans helped build this nation, established much of it's wealth and made countless contributions to it's culture, its science, its political and social progress and that black soldiers fought and died in every American war, many White Americans believe Blacks are mentally, socially and morally inferior and that they are a threat to the continuation of the so-called American Way Of Life.

Within the dominant White society's views of Black Americans there is a very wide spectrum of belief. For those with the most extremely racist viewpoint, Black Americans are not even human and should be separated from White society or eliminated. For those with more politically acceptable rhetoric if not belief, Black Americans are socially flawed, economically dependent, intellectually inferior and prone to violence. Not all white American's hold these beliefs any more than all Germans hated the Jews and believed Hitler's outrageous lies about them. Ultimately, what's most important is not what average people think but what those in power believe and plan to do.

Which brings us back to New York City and to the question of whether or not it is reasonable to compare Giuliani to Hitler. Is Giuliani in some sense a Nazi? Once we understand clearly what Hitler and Nazism actually represented the answer is clear.

Giuliani routinely admits his policy ideas are taken directly, almost verbatim, from the Manhattan Institute, a CIA initiated "think tank" funded by far right Eugenics advocates like the Pioneer Fund and corporations such as the Rockefeller's Chase Bank which have historically promoted the Eugenics agenda. The Manhattan Institute has sponsored research projects and books like the Bell Curve, Fixing Broken windows and numerous others which propose the idea that blacks are mentally inferior. While the Manhattan Institute is not publicly advocating mass extermination or mass relocation of minorities the policies it does promote are mostly about targeting black and Latino inner City populations in such a way as to make relocation an attractive option and elimination a day to day reality. They take full credit along with Mayor Giuliani for the City's aggressive policing, it's stop and frisk policy, the remedial budget cuts at CUNY, the ending of welfare, the destruction of SRO's and low-income housing, attempts to eliminate rent control, the workfare program, the cleansing of the streets of homeless people, bulldozing community gardens, the privatization of parks, schools and hospitals and many other controversial ideas. Economic improvement is the attractive facade of these policies. Behind that facade are assumptions about minorities that are fundamentally racist.

You won't find swastikas or paintings of Hitler decorating the walls at the Manhattan Institute nor will its staff be seen wearing Nazi uniforms. Their stable of well paid academics, writers and intellectuals are masters of using politically correct terminology to advance and express racist ideas. They are often the most effective guest speakers on television programs and at university conferences on social issues. While the ideas they advance may superficially appear to be about improving quality of life, cutting government waste, improving education and perfecting police strategy the common thread is that every policy is aimed at targeting minorities, immigrants and the poor while benefiting the corporations and wealthy individuals with whom they are aligned and by whom they are funded.

A group of poor men hold signs given to them by eugenics supporters on Wall Street (NY)

These ideas are very similar to those espoused by Adolf Hitler with one notable exception. There is no anti-Semitism involved. The despised groups in this contemporary NYC branch of Eugenics are African Americans and Latinos. However, if one looks to the early years of this century one will find the exact same attitudes were expressed about New York City's millions of Eastern European Jewish immigrants. They were considered to be uneducable, diseased, mentally inferior, crime prone, violent, unfit parents, socially toxic and a ruinous drain on the economy and infrastructure. To top it all off they were also considered politically subversive Marxists who would destroy the American political system.

For the minority residents of Harlem, Bedford Styvesant or the Bronx, the comparisons between Giuliani and Hitler are self-evident and universally understood. Unfortunately, the well-justified rage within these communities is often directed at police officers who have no part in creating policy and are not in many cases aware of the ideology they are enforcing. The so-called police "training" the Mayor and Police Commissioner are so proud of is a military system of brainwashing and desensitization invented by the Gestapo which trains police officers to view minority males as armed and dangerous suspects with no rights who are to be treated with maximum force even when unarmed. As the Mayor said after the Diallo shooting, "They are trained to shoot to kill".

The corporations, banks and far right race-obsessed groups that fund the Manhattan Institute today were in many cases backing Hitler's rise to power just 70 years ago. They are also the same groups behind Giuliani's Senate campaign and GW Bush's Presidential bid. Chase Bank, the Manhattan Institute's main sponsor, has publicly apologized on numerous occasions for its avid support of Hitler and its enthusiasm to turn over Jewish Bank accounts to the Nazis before they were ever asked to do so. Chase and other U.S. banks helped Hitler seize the gold reserves of European nations that had been deposited in their vaults in order to fund the German military buildup. When Hitler invaded Europe his troops were flying planes, driving tanks and firing ammunition manufactured by German subsidiaries of U.S. companies like GM, Ford and Chrysler, all fueled by the German branch of Standard Oil, The Rockefeller's oil company.

One must not imagine these were simply business decisions intended to protect the corporate bottom-line. The Rockefeller's, owners of Chase Bank, were major advocates of Eugenics and funded Eugenics institute's and experiments around the world as they continue to do today. One of the darker chapters of Rockefeller involvement was their economic sponsorship of Josef Mengele, the Nazis Doctor of Death. Much of Mengele's research material was acquired by conducting monstrous human experiments on Jewish prisoners in Auschwitz. After WWII that research material was brought to the U.S. by those associated with the Eugenics movement within our own government. Today that same research is used by the U.S. military, by the Human Genome Project and by pharmaceutical and chemical companies whose advertising dollars sponsor every aspect of popular American culture from soap operas to PBS.

Lawrence J. Mone, President,
The Manhattan Institute

The Manhattan Institute's founder, former CIA director William Casey, helped bring leading Nazis to America after WWII where they were given positions in the military, in intelligence, in scientific research and in universities. The results surround us today in the form of militarized police departments, efforts to end affirmative action, the governmental importation of drugs into minority areas, the psycho-chemical dosing of children, the criminalization and imprisonment of millions of black and Latino males, the prison-industrial complex and the attendant destruction of minority families and communities. The government itself, saturated by the influence of the Eugenics movement, is promoting and executing these racist policies.

When a Federal agency like the CDC announces that they will test a new experimental vaccine solely on minority children in urban ghettos and on Native Americans living on Indian reservations you are seeing Eugenics not public health at work. When the government works with giant chemical companies, many of whom were owned and operated by the Nazis before the end of WWII, to force genetically engineered foods, artificial hormones or mandatory vaccines on the public, you are seeing Eugenics at work. When Mayor Giuliani has Malathion, an organophosphate nerve gas known to weaken immune systems and cause birth defects, cancer and asthma, indiscriminently sprayed on NYC to fight a viral "epidemic" that may not even exist, you are seeing Eugenics at work. When every NYC social program is cut despite a billion dollar surplus or when schools, hospitals, libraries, police, parks, prisons the courts and emergency medical services are privatized at the expense of minority communities, you are seeing Eugenics at work. And when hundreds of thousands are selectively stopped, frisked, harassed and intimidated based on their race you are seeing Eugenics, rather than garden variety police brutality, at work.

Those actually carrying out these policies on the ground, the inner city police officer, the welfare bureaucrat, the underpaid school teacher, the emergency room doctor, may have no more idea of what the master plan is than those who are being targeted. People needn't be racists in order to carry out racist policies. That's why the Mayor is currently recruiting so many minorities into the NYPD. Just as the Nazis used Jewish capos to help run the concentration camps, Giuliani's anti-minority police state will run more efficiently with fewer complaints if all the cops are Black and Latino. Doctors injecting experimental vaccines into the arms of millions of African children can be well-intentioned humanitarians with no idea what the vaccine is really intended to do. The NYC public school teacher struggling to teach her overcrowded class to read in an unheated crumbling building may have no idea that she is part of a Eugenics policy that intends for her students to be miseducated, unemployable and illiterate and that is actually preparing them for a prison cell.

Politically motivated Eugenics can be applied in many ways. The Cold War, covering Viet Nam with Agent Orange, the embargoes of Cuba and Iraq causing starvation and disease and the funding of the Contras can all be understood as Eugenics policies applied to political situations. When former President Bush depicted Sadaam Hussein as a modern day Hitler armed with chemical and biological weapons, he neglected to mention that it was U.S. corporations and the U.S. government that gave them to him.

That far more Americans are killed by doctors each year than by car accidents, AIDs and guns combined may turn out to be something other than massive medical malpractice. With giant profit-oriented HMO's replacing doctors in the making of virtually all medical decisions Americans are increasingly in the position where being downsized by a corporation can have a permanent and far more sinister meaning than just losing a job.

Eugenics affects virtually every aspect of our lives although it is rarely acknowledged. The recipient of Mayor Giuliani's endorsement for President, GW Bush, has spoken at the Manhattan Institute and warmly praised its policies. Consistent with the pattern of many Giuliani and Manhattan Institute associates the Bush family were intimately involved in funding Hitler and were economic partners with the Third Reich in a variety of business endeavors. The U.S. Congress was forced to seize many of the Bush families' banking assets in 1942 to stop the flow of money to Hitler as the U.S. entered WWII. Ironically, as I'm writing this a news report on the radio states that GW Bush is celebrating his Primary victory at a Jewish center in Austin Texas. No doubt he is wearing a yarmulke and affirming his commitment to the State of Israel while collecting campaign contributions. His appearance at Bob Jones University, covered ad nauseum by the media, was never once depicted for what it actually was; confirmation that Bush represents the most extreme kind of racial and religious bigotry. Apparently Governor Bush even has his own Eugenics program going on in Texas, the state that has executed more than half of all the people killed under the U.S. death penalty in recent years. The "compassionate conservative" has signed a death warrant on average about once every two weeks since being elected Texas Governor.

When political pundits scratch their heads over Giuliani being pro-choice at the same time he is massively soliciting donations from the anti-abortion religious right, the answer is again, Eugenics. From a Eugenics perspective the more abortions among minorities the better. Our Eugenics oriented government will be glad to give Blacks and Latinos abortions, condoms, Norplant, chemical exposure that causes sterility, crack, heroin, epidemics of asthma and AIDS, risky medical experiments and anything else that will lower their rate of reproduction.

Giuliani's infamous temperament is usually offered as the reason he refused to meet with a single black NYC elected official for the first six years of his Mayoralty. Isn't a far more reasonable explanation that he had no need to meet with those he was trying to eliminate? Ex-Police Commissioner Bill Bratton says Giuliani "missed an opportunity" to resolve racial tensions in NYC between the NYPD and minorities. What Bratton is not saying is that resolving those tensions would have been counterproductive to the Mayor's Manhattan Institute-inspired Eugenics agenda.

Does the Mayor deny any of this? Not at all. In fact, his only response during more than six years of being compared to Adolf Hitler is that such comparisons, "denigrate the Holocaust", are "hate speech" and are "anti-Semitic". So far this debate chilling technique has been very effective. To quote Mayor Giuliani's favorite newspaper, "As soon as a dissenting opinion is labeled hate, it need not be countered with reason, and those who hold that opinion need not be taken seriously -- except inasmuch as they are a threat to decency and order and must be suppressed." -NY Post 3/12/2000. One can hardly expect a media that is financed by the very corporations behind Eugenics to expose these policies. Mainstream media depictions of Giuliani ossilate between showing him as a dress-wearing buffoon, a hot-tempered "nasty man" or as an admired public servant. No matter how naughty or nicely reporters depict him the ideology behind his policies is never allowed to be exposed.

The time has come to look beyond the Mayor's feeble knee-jerk labels absurdly mischaracterizing these accusations as hate speech and anti-Semitism. They are not. I am very proud of my Jewish heritage. I know hundreds of other Jews who despise Giuliani and everything he stands for. These are Jews who understand the history of Nazi Germany very well and see the shadow of Hitler lurking behind every Giuliani pronouncement. Neither are these accusations an attempt to trivialize or deny the Holocaust. If the Holocaust is to be more than just a monument to Jewish suffering the cry, "never again" has to be applied not just to the Jewish people but to all present or future targets of the Eugenics movement. To do less than that is truly to denigrate the Holocaust and the memory of those who perished in it.

[A few quotes in support of the above follow] From:

"A victim of the notorious eugenics programmes that once flourished in America is suing the local authority that forcibly sterilised him in a landmark case that could precipitate thousands of similar lawsuits. Fred Aslin, 73, has brought an action against the state of Michigan more than half a century after he was rendered unable to have children by a policy seeking to achieve "race betterment". Mr Aslin was one of a family of nine Indian children who were taken from a mother struggling to care for them and placed in a mental institution. There, when they reached the age of 18, each was sterilised. "They said it was because we were feeble-minded morons and that any children we might have would be just like us, or worse," Mr Aslin said. In fact, records show that there is no evidence that the Aslins were backward in any way...The eugenics movement started in the early decades of the last century, and although Hitler's sterilisation of as much as 1 per cent of the German population forced many to reconsider, it remained popular in many states in America...It is believed that 60,000 or more Americans were sterilised in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s."

The History of American Eugenics Is Explored Online "A century ago, scientists from the top universities in America began to study people's pedigrees in the hopes of creating "perfect" children. Instead, they spawned a monster: the pseudoscience of eugenics...But now more than 1200 images from the heyday of eugenics are about to be opened to wide public view, under a program funded by the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island. The Image Archive on the American Eugenics Movement, vector.cshl.org/eugenics/, pieced together by a staff led by David Micklos of the lab's DNA Learning Center, contains explosive material on such topics as "race mixing" and "Mongolian idiocy."...It's more than coincidence that the Cold Spring Harbor Lab hosts this project. It is, after all, home of the Human Genome Project to map DNA...Minority groups were most often the target of this plan...The ERO itself was endowed by a grant from the widow of railroad magnate E.H. Harriman [The Bush family's business partner in financing Hitler], and such population-control progressives as Margaret Sanger also believed in the cause...Today's breakthroughs in, say, prenatal screening would have been embraced by eugenicists, and there's always a group of people who will subscribe to racial-inferiority theories like those in The Bell Curve."

'The Manhattan Institute clearly has become the force, and there is no progressive force to counter it. There isn't even a debate.' "The mayor has a very close working relationship with the Manhattan Institute," Giuliani's communications director, Crystine Lategano, said...Another sign of how much New York has changed: The most influential source of political ideas is a conservative think tank that was founded by Margaret Thatcher's mentor and Ronald Reagan's spymaster."

The Manhattan Institute: Launch Pad For Conservative Authors "The Manhattan Institute was founded in 1978 by William Casey, who later became President Reagan's CIA director...Funneling money from very conservative foundations, the Institute has sponsored many books by writers opposed to safety-net social programs and affirmative action...Charles Murray's Losing Ground -- a denunciation of social programs for the poor -- catapulted him to media stardom in 1984...As Murray wrote in the book's preface, the decision by Manhattan Institute officials to subsidize the book project was crucial: "Without them, the book would not have been written."...Shortly after The Bell Curve was published [in late 1994], the Manhattan Institute sponsored a luncheon to honor Murray and the book, in which he proposes a genetic explanation for the 15-point difference in IQ between blacks and whites that is the basis for his dismissing affirmative action policies as futile."...Along with ongoing subsidies from a number of large conservative foundations, the Manhattan Institute has gained funding from such corporate sources as the Chase Manhattan Bank, Citicorp, Time Warner, Procter & Gamble and State Farm Insurance, as well as the Lilly Endowment and philanthropic arms of American Express, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CIGNA and Merrill Lynch. Boosted by major firms, the Manhattan Institute budget reached $5 million a year by the early 1990s."

"Among the organizations whose mailing lists the Giuliani campaign has rented from Response Unlimited are the American Center for Legislative Reform, which apparently believes that blue-helmeted United Nations troops will soon replace rangers at Yellowstone National Park; the Catholic Alliance, an anti-abortion offshoot of the Christian Coalition; and the American Patriot Donors, which opposes gay rights. Richard Viguerie, the controversial right-wing direct-mail magnate, was enlisted by Giuliani operatives to arrange for the list rental....A leading right-wing warrior, he has worked for Jesse Helms, Oliver North, George Wallace and Patrick Buchanan...His marketing strategies helped launch the conservative revolution in the early 1960's, when he did mass mailings for Presidential candidate Barry Goldwater. He raised cash for Wallace in the early 1970's, and helped organize Jerry Falwell's Moral Majority in the 1980's. He threw his direct-mail empire behind Mr. North, an insurgent candidate for Senate in Virginia, in 1994. Mr. Viguerie has also done direct mail for the Rev. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church...Meanwhile, the Giuliani campaign has rented a list of 6,000 names from English Language Advocates, a group that drafted a controversial initiative to make Arizona an English-only state...And the campaign has paid for the services of Pinnacle List Company, which offers...names of those who have donated to "U.S. Border Control," a group whose Web site warns darkly of "the ethnic cleansing of European Americans."

Genomes and Eugenics By Dave McGowan August 2000 On June 26th of this year, the successful completion of the mapping of the human genome was triumphantly announced. The media were nearly universal in heaping praise on this alleged scientific milestone. This was just as true for the 'progressive' press as it was for the more mainstream media outlets. For instance, the World Socialist Web Site - one of the most uncompromisingly leftist of news sources - gushed that: "The publication of the rough draft of the completed sequence of the human genome on June 26 was an outstanding scientific achievement, the outcome of an international collaboration spanning a decade and involving hundreds of scientists. The researchers used the most advanced sequencing machines and analyzed the resulting data with the aid of powerful computers ... "The elaboration of the human genome sequence is a major step in demystifying the evolution of the human species and the workings of the human body. Aided by technology, such scientific discoveries puncture the clouds of superstition that surround human existence and weaken the grip of religion over the minds of men and women." Seemingly the only critical voice among the mindless back-slappers of the U.S. media belonged to Robert Lederman, columnist for the Greenwich Village Gazette. In an insightful column featured on The Konformist web site, Lederman noted that: "Probably the single greatest irony in the human genome issue is the idea being marketed to the public that this scientific advance will lead to the average person enjoying a much longer and healthier life. In light of governmental resistance to preventing corporate pollution of the environment, developing renewable sources of energy, banning the use of toxic chemicals and insecticides or protecting the food supply from contamination, can we really expect that this technology will be used to extend human life generally? "Politicians claim there is an imminent crisis facing the social security system right now. How much worse will that crisis be if tens of millions of Americans who might otherwise have died in their sixties and seventies from chronic disease live into their nineties and beyond? Be assured that those in control have no intention of allowing this to happen. "The far likelier scenario is that for the very wealthy there will indeed be new and miraculous medical treatments to prolong and enhance life. For the vast majority however, this new technology will only be used to further limit their freedom and privacy while creating a caste system based on genetics that fundamentally changes the way society is structured." Lederman's concerns are well founded. What the rest of the media seem to have overlooked, deliberately or out of ignorance, is that the Human Genome Project did not arise in a vacuum. Rather, it is but the latest step in a 'scientific' progression spanning at least the last 150 years. The aforementioned World Socialist Web Site appeared to acknowledge this in their coverage of the much-heralded event: "In 1838 Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann discovered the cell as the fundamental unit of life. In 1859 Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species, which elaborated a mechanism of evolution and set a coherent framework for all the biological sciences. In 1865 the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel developed the foundations of modern genetics. T. H. Morgan in 1910 determined that genes are organised along chromosomes. In 1942 researchers established that genes are made of DNA, a chemical found in the cell nucleus. In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick elaborated the structure of DNA. In 1973 Stanley Cohen and Herbert Brown invented genetic engineering by transplanting a gene between bacteria, and in 1990 the Human Genome Project began." The only problem with this capsule history of the events leading up to the cracking of the genetic code is that it is woefully incomplete. So incomplete, in fact, that it completely obscures the goals being pursued by those who would claim to be working for the betterment of human civilization. This is to be expected of course when the coverage is coming from the corporate mass-media, though one expects a little better from the 'alternative' press. To see just how far off the mark this historical narrative actually is, it is instructive to review a few key events that do not appear in the timeline above. In 1869, British psychologist Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, published the first major document of the modern eugenics movement - Hereditary Genius - in which he made the observation that: "The average intellectual standard of the negro is some two grades below our own." Galton proposed that a system of arranged marriages between men of distinction and women of wealth would ultimately yield a 'gifted' race. He based this theory on the observation that the most prominent members of British society tended to also have prominent parents (no shit, Frank? How'd you ever figure that out?). Two years later, the exalted Charles Darwin published Descent of Man - his follow-up to Origin of Species - in which he frequently quoted from his cousin's racist screed. In 1875, "coolies, convicts, and prostitutes" were declared "undesirable" aliens and excluded by newly drafted laws from immigrating to the shores of America. The next year, John Harvey Kellogg became the superintendent of the Western Health Reform Institute, changing its name to the Battle Creek Sanitarium. Under Kellogg's directorship, the sanitarium began experimenting with "health foods," closely paralleling the Lebens reform movement in Germany. Lebens reform sanitariums promoted a back-to-nature ideology that espoused health foods, vegetarianism, abstention from alcohol and tobacco, and homeopathy. Kellogg would remain at Battle Creek as director until 1943, a span of sixty-seven years. In 1882, "lunatics and idiots" joined "coolies, convicts, and prostitutes" on the list of unwanted immigrants, though numerous lunatics and idiots already living here were allowed to stay and retain their positions within the U.S. government. The following year, Galton published his next manifesto - Human Faculty - in which he introduced the world to the term "eugenics." In 1895, Dr. Alfred Ploetz- an esteemed German eugenics researcher - published The Excellence of Our Race and the Protection of the Weak, which not surprisingly was far more concerned with the extermination of the weak than with their protection. Six years later, in 1901, John D. Rockefeller founded the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, which quickly became a funding conduit for eugenics research. Two years later, the list of undesirable immigrants became a little longer as "epileptics and insane persons" were added. The next year, The Carnegie Institution of Washington established a research center under the directorship of Harvard-educated eugenicist Charles Benedict Davenport, with additional funding from Mary Harriman - the widow of railroad magnate Edward H. Harriman. Meanwhile, Davenport's counterpart in Germany - Dr. Ploetz - founded the German Society for Racial Hygiene and a 'scientific' journal - the Archive for Racial and Social Biology. Davenport would serve as the director of genetics for the Station for Experimental Evolution at Cold Springs Harbor in Long Island, New York until 1934. In 1906, the city of San Francisco ordered the segregation of all Japanese, Chinese, and Korean children in a separate school, where they could be kept a safe distance from the genetically superior white children. Elsewhere in the world, Cyril Burt - a future leading light of the eugenics movement - graduated from Oxford University and traveled to Germany to study for the next two years. The next year, the state of Indiana passed the world's first compulsory sterilization laws, applicable to all "confirmed criminals, idiots, rapists and imbeciles" in state institutions. Meanwhile, "imbeciles and feeble-minded persons" were added to the still growing list of persons excluded under U.S. immigration laws. It obviously wasn't a good year for imbeciles. 1910 proved to be a busy year for the eugenics crowd. The Harriman family financed the building of the Eugenics Record Office as a branch of London's Galton National Laboratory, with additional financial assistance coming from John D. Rockefeller; Davenport was appointed director. This same year, reputed anti-fascist Winston Churchill was appointed Home Secretary of the UK (the British equivalent of Secretary of State), and secretly proposed the sterilization of 100,000 "mental degenerates." Cyril Burt busied himself with revising U.S. IQ tests for use in the UK, while John Kellogg began delivering speeches on "race degeneracy." The next year, Davenport published Heredity in Relation to Eugenics. In the UK, Galton died and a Eugenics Chair was established at the University of London as per his will. In 1912, the University of London hosted the First International Congress of Eugenics, presided over by Major Leonard Darwin, the son of Charles; vice-presidents prominently in attendance included Winston Churchill, Dr. Alfred Ploetz, Harvard president Charles W. Eliot, and Alexander Graham Bell. Meanwhile, eminent psychologist Henry Goddard was having a busy year: he published The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble Mindedness, and also administered IQ tests to immigrants at Ellis Island and found that 83% of Jews, 80% of Hungarians, 79% of Italians, and 87% of the Russians wanting to enter the country were feeble minded; there's no telling how many of them were coolies or imbeciles. Professor Goddard also believed that criminals could be identified by certain physical characteristics, and that the solution was "to sterilize them, allow them to perform only lowly jobs, confine them to ghettos, discourage them from marrying outside their race, and create a pure, American, superior intelligence to control them." His ideas would later have a profound influence on Dr. David Ewen Cameron, whose CIA and Rockefeller-funded medical torture experiments in Canada would become among the most notorious of the CIA's MK-ULTRA projects. In 1913, Rockefeller established the Rockefeller Foundation, which would serve as yet another source of funding for the eugenics movement. By this time, twelve U.S. states had compulsory sterilization laws on the books. The next year, Battle Creek, Michigan hosted the First National Congress on Race Betterment - sponsored by John Harvey Kellogg - which proposed that 5.76 million Americans be sterilized. Eugenics was by now being taught at Universities around the country, including Harvard, Columbia, Cornell, Brown, Wisconsin, Northwestern, and Clark. In 1915, Michigan hosted the Second National Conference on Race Betterment, again sponsored by John Harvey Kellogg. The next year, Stanford University professor of psychology Lewis M. Terman published the Stanford-Binet IQ tests, while declaring that: "If we would preserve our state for a class of people worthy to possess it, we would prevent, as far as possible, the propagation of mental degenerates." In 1920, Alfred Hoche and Karl Binding published The Release of the Destruction of Life Devoid of Value, advocating "euthanasia" for mentally defective and mentally ill persons. By this time, twenty-four other states had joined Indiana in passing compulsory sterilization laws.            Alfred Hoche In 1921, New York hosted the Second International Congress of Eugenics, sponsored by a committee that included Herbert Hoover and the presidents of Clark University, Smith College and the Carnegie Institution. Also this year, president Warren G. Harding approved the Immigration Restriction Act, establishing a quota system, and Margaret Sanger published an article entitled "The Eugenic Value of Birth Control Propaganda" in the journal Birth Control Review. Sanger was concerned that "the fertility of the feeble-minded, the mentally defective, the poverty-stricken classes, should not be held up for emulation to the mentally and physically fit though less fertile parents of the educated and well-to-do classes. On the contrary, the most urgent problem today is how to limit and discourage the over fertility of the mentally and physically defective ..." The next year, H. H. Laughlin published the "Model Eugenical Sterilization Law," declaring all of the following categories of persons as being subject to mandatory sterilization: feeble-minded; insane; criminalistic; epileptic; inebriate; diseased; blind and seriously vision impaired; deformed and crippled; and dependent (orphans, homeless persons, tramps, and paupers). This law would serve as the blueprint for several U.S. state sterilization laws as well as for Nazi Germany's infamous 1933 eugenics law. In 1923, native fascist Henry Ford published The International Jew; The World's Foremost Problem, the title of which pretty much speaks for itself. Elsewhere in the country, Carl Brigham - a key figure in the development of IQ tests and the driving force behind the SAT - published The Study of American Intelligence, declaring that: "our figures, then, would rather tend to disprove the popular belief that the Jew is intelligent," and "The decline of American intelligence will be more rapid than the decline of the intelligence of European national groups owing to the presence here of the Negro." In Germany, Adolf Hitler allegedly dictated - from a jail cell - the first draft of the virulently racist and anti-Semitic Mein Kampf, which singled out Henry Ford for praise. The following year, the Johnson-Reed act (aka the Immigration Act of 1924) eliminated Asian immigration and set stringent quotas on Southern and Eastern European immigration. In 1925, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes - writing the majority opinion in Buck v. Bell - stated: "It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind," language that closely mirrored that of Hitler's Mein Kampf. In the UK this year, Cyril Burt - who specialized in twin studies (can you say Josef Mengele?) and who would later become one of the founding fathers of Mensa - published The Young Delinquent.                                                                                                                          In 1926, The American Eugenics Society was founded on the proposition that the wealth and social position of the upper classes was justified by their superior genetic endowment. Two years later, Battle Creek, Michigan hosted the Third National Conference on Race Betterment, once again sponsored by John Harvey Kellogg. In 1930, the director of the Department of Heredity at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Genealogy and Demography - Dr. Ernst Rudin - visited the United States, where he was warmly received. Rudin walked away with a large grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to finance his research, which would occupy an entire floor at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. Elsewhere, W. K. Kellogg established the W. K. Kellogg Foundation to provide funding for efforts at "social improvement." By 1931, twenty-seven U.S. states had sterilization laws, and John Kellogg had opened the Miami-Battle Creek Sanitarium in Miami Springs, Florida with himself appointed as medical director. This year also saw an indeterminate number of Puerto Ricans deliberately infected with cancer by the Rockefeller Institute, killing thirteen. Pathologist Cornelius Rhoades, who ran the study, would later be placed in charge of two chemical warfare projects and granted a seat on the Atomic Energy Commission. 1932 saw New York's American Museum of Natural History host the Third International Congress of Eugenics, at which the sterilization of fourteen million Americans was called for. The gathering was dedicated to Mary Harriman, the mother of Averell Harriman - partner at the Wall Street powerhouse Brown Brothers/Harriman along with Prescott Bush and Herbert Walker. The Hamburg-Amerika Shipping Line - a wholly owned subsidiary of Brown Brothers/Harriman that would in 1942 be seized by the U.S. Alien Property Custodian under authority of the Trading with the Enemy Act - provided transportation to America for a sizable number of Nazis to attend the conference. Included among them was Dr. Rudin, who was unanimously elected president of the International Federation of Eugenics Societies. The following year, Hitler enacted the Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseases in Posterity, drafted by Dr. Rudin and patterned directly after H. H. Laughlin's 1922 model. Also in 1933, Germany's Journal of Psychotherapy - edited by fascist psychiatrist Carl Jung - published an article by Dr. M. H. Goering (a cousin of Hermann), urging psychotherapists to make "a serious scientific study of Adolf Hitler's fundamental work Mein Kampf, and to recognize it as a basic work." In 1935, Nazi Germany instituted the Law for the Protection of the Genetic Health of the German People, which mandated medical examinations prior to marriage. Also begun this year was a selective human breeding program known as Lebensborn - under the direction of Hitler's rabidly fascist SS Chief, Heinrich Himmler - which all SS men were obligated to join. By 1946, some 11,000 of 'Hitler's Children' would be created on breeding farms. In nearby England, Cyril Burt published The Subnormal Mind. On the distant shores of America, Dr. Alexis Carrel - a Nobel laureate and a close associate of native fascist and anti-Semite Charles Augustus Lindbergh - published Man, the Unknown, declaring: "There remains the unsolved problem of the immense number of defectives and criminals. They are an enormous burden for the part of the population that has remained normal. In Germany, the government has taken energetic measures against the multiplication of inferior types, the insane and criminals. Perhaps prisons should be abolished. They could be replaced by smaller and less expensive institutions. The conditioning of petty criminals with the whip, or some more scientific procedure, followed by a short stay in hospital, would probably suffice to insure order. Those who have [committed more serious crimes] should be humanely and economically disposed of in small euthanasia institutions supplied with proper gasses. A similar treatment could be advantageously applied to the insane, guilty of criminal acts. Modern society should not hesitate to organize itself with reference to the normal individual." In 1937, Cyril Burt published yet another eugenically minded tome, which he titled The Backward Child. This year was also notable for the establishment of the Pioneer Fund, yet another thinly veiled cover for the funding of eugenics research. As late as 1989, the organization would state in its charter that its express purpose was to finance "study into the problems of human race betterment." With the outbreak of World War II, the genocidal agenda behind the rapidly proliferating eugenics foundations was revealed to the world, and the movement had to temporarily retreat to the fetid swamps and sewers from which it had emerged. It wasn't dead, however, but was merely "forced to reinvent itself under various fronts," as columnist Robert Lederer has noted. After the war, psychiatrist Edwin Katzenellenbogen - a former member of the faculty at Harvard - was convicted of war crimes that he had committed as a 'doctor' at Buchenwald concentration camp; during his trial in Dachau, he proudly testified that he had drafted the sterilization law for the governor of New Jersey. In 1948, Mensa was formed- the first international organization for the intellectually 'gifted.' Its first president was preeminent eugenicist Cyril Burt, who had been named the president of the British Psychological Society in 1942 and had become the first psychologist to be knighted in 1946. Another founding father was Victor Serebriakoff, a White Russian recruited by British and American intelligence services, who was credited with greatly expanding membership in the organization, instituting the IQ test as a prerequisite of membership, and establishing American Mensa. The next year, the Atomic Energy Commission and the Quaker Oats company fed a group of 'retarded' boys in Massachusetts radioactive cereal; John Kellogg would have been proud. In 1950, Cyril Burt published the results of some of his twin studies, purportedly showing data that supported his eugenics views. His studies claimed to prove that poverty was due to the intellectual inferiority of the working class. In 1952, John Foster Dulles - who along with brother Allen had been an attorney for Brown Brothers/Harriman and numerous other Nazi enterprises (including I. G. Farben), as well as being a long-time intelligence asset - established the Population Council in conjunction with John D. Rockefeller III. Tens of millions of dollars of Rockefeller grant money were pumped in as the American Eugenics Society moved its headquarters into the offices of - and assumed the name of - the newly created Population Council. John Foster Dulles By 1967, Nobel prize winner William Shockley was rewriting history with his conclusion that: "The lesson to be drawn from Nazi history is the value of free speech, not that eugenics is intolerable." Also this year, three psychosurgeons - Vernon H. Marks, Frank R. Ervin, and William H. Sweet - published a letter in the Journal of the American Medical Association in which they theorized that brain disease was responsible for rising levels of urban violence and the black uprisings that were rocking America's cities. The National Institute of Mental Health promptly awarded the trio $500,000 to investigate the use of psychosurgery on violence prone individuals. It bears mentioning here that psychosurgery, better known as lobotomy, was a procedure that was developed in fascist Portugal in the 1930's as a means of social control. ECT, otherwise known as electro-convulsive or shock therapy, was developed around the same time - and for the same reason - in fascist Italy. Both were quickly imported to America where they were warmly embraced by U.S. psychiatrists. 1972 found Shockley delivering an address before the American Psychological Association in which he called for a program in which welfare recipients would be paid $1,000 for each IQ point below 100 if they would submit to voluntary sterilization. In 1976, Cyril Burt's research was denounced and declared a fraud. London's Sunday Times reported that his two 'field investigators' and 'co-authors' were complete fabrications; Burt himself had authored articles for fifteen years under assumed names praising his own work and attacking his critics. He was posthumously declared guilty of fraud by the British Psychological Society. In 1978, another eugenically minded foundation - the Manhattan Institute - was founded by future CIA Director William Casey, who sixteen years prior had co-founded another New York City 'think tank' with Prescott Bush. The primary corporate sponsor was the Rockefeller-controlled Chase Manhattan Bank; others included Citicorp, Time Warner, Proctor & Gamble, Bristol-Meyers, Squibb, CIGNA and Lilly. The next year, the Repository for Germinal Choice was set up in Escondido, California to make available the sperm of Nobel prize winners and other 'intelligent' people for selective breeding. Ads were run in Mensa publications and Shockley became one of the first donors. By 1980, thirty U.S. states had sterilization laws on the books. Two years later, the first of the new breed of Hitler's Children was spawned from sperm obtained from the Repository for Germinal Choice. In 1989, George Bush - the son of Prescott Bush and the grandson of Herbert Walker - became the 41st president of the United States. The very next year, the Human Genome Project was begun at Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory on Long Island, New York. In 1992, the impeccably pedigreed Pamela Churchill Harriman held a fund raiser at her Middleburg, Virginia estate and collected three million dollars for the campaign of Bill Clinton, born William Jefferson Blythe IV. The next year, Rhodes scholar and Oxford alumnus Bill Clinton became the 42nd president, and Pamela Harriman became his Ambassador to France. The next year, a new manifesto for the modern-day eugenics crowd was published: The Bell Curve. The book was sponsored by the Pioneer Fund, a major supporter and source of funding for the Manhattan Institute; the Institute itself held a luncheon to honor the book. And so it goes as the eugenics movement continues to flourish under cover of scientific jargon. That the Human Genome Project (HGP) is in fact yet another front for the eugenics movement can be easily discerned from a visit to the program's web site. There you will find that the hauntingly familiar goals of the project include "earlier detection of genetic predisposition to disease" and "reduc(ing) the likelihood of heritable mutations." In other words, one goal is the systematic elimination of all the 'bad' genes that have slipped into the national pool. Another goal of the project is the creation of "pharmacogenomics 'custom drugs'." Translated into English, this means drugs that are specifically tailored to differentially affect various genetic (racial) types; drugs, that is, that could easily be wielded as ethnically specific bio-warfare agents. The development of such weapons has been an explicit goal of the U.S. military for at least a quarter-century. In 1975, an American military manual candidly noted that: "It is theoretically possible to develop so-called 'ethnic chemical weapons,' which would be designed to exploit naturally occurring differences in vulnerability among specific population groups. Thus, such a weapon would be capable of incapacitating or killing a selected enemy population to a significantly greater extent than the population of friendly forces." Strangely enough, in the years since those words were written "at least 30 previously unknown disease agents have been identified," according to our very own Central Intelligence Agency. Many of these - including AIDS, Ebola, and the Four Corners Virus - without question show a distinct preference for certain ethnic groups that have long been targets of depopulation campaigns. Interestingly, the HGP touts as another of its benefits the potential for "protection from biological and chemical warfare." Of course, as the U.S. government itself has acknowledged on numerous occasions, research into the protection from bio-warfare requires concomitant research into the conductance of bio-warfare; the two are, in practice, inseparable. Meanwhile, Mensa - which claims disingenuously to hold no opinions and promote no agenda - continues by all appearances to function as an intelligence front, including serving at times as a mouthpiece for the eugenics movement. One of the organization's SIG's (Special Interest Groups) is titled - simply enough - Eugenics, and the pages of various Mensa publications are known to this day to host 'intellectual' discussions of the benefits of eugenics policies. Perhaps nowhere is the true agenda of the organization more readily apparent than in the list of 'intellectual links' posted on the website of the Los Angeles chapter. Just for fun, scroll through the list and see how many of the links lead to CIA fronts, as well as to the agency itself. My personal favorite? The "CIA Kid's Page" as a resource for children. And so it goes. "Throughout the West, the erosion of older structures of class and authority, and the claims and challenges of new classes and ethnic groups, stimulated the work of the phrenologists, the testers of intelligence, the eugenicists, and the analysts of deviance - Lombroso, Binet, Madison Grant, and, in the first half of the twentieth century, Cyril Burt, Edward L. Thorndike, H. M. Goddard, Lewis M. Terman, and Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck; but it was in America - necessarily in America, that most democratic, 'classless,' and ethnically pluralistic society - where they became most influential." Peter Schrag Mind Control, Pantheon, 1978 [The author of this piece wishes it known that he is of white European ancestry and - according to his driver's license - is blessed with blond hair and blue eyes. He has no physical deformities and is even a member of Mensa. He is, in other words, of the finest Aryan genetic stock.] References: Chaiken, Anton and Webster Tarpley George Bush: An Unauthorized Biography http://www.tarpley.net/bushb.htm Chase, Allan The Legacy of Malthus: The Social Costs of the New Scientific Racism, University of Illinois Press, 1980 Chorover, Stephan L. From Genesis to Genocide, MIT Press, 1983 Gaglioti, Frank "The Human Genome Project: Science, Society and Superstition," The World Socialist Web Site Gannon, John C. (Chairman, National Intelligence Council) "The Global Infectious Disease Threat and Its Implications for the United States,"January 2000 Harris, Robert and Jeremy Paxman A Higher Form of Killing, Hilland Wang, 1982 Lapon, Lenny Mass Murderers in White Coats, Psychiatric Genocide Research Institute, 1986 Lifton, Robert Jay The Nazi Doctors, Basic Books, 1986 Ogden, Christopher "Pamela Harriman: Her Brilliant Career," Time, February 17, 1997 Stannard, David E. American Holocaust, Oxford University Press, 1992 Thomas, Gordon Journey Into Madness, Bantam Books, 1989 Vankin, Jonathan and John Whalen The 60 Greatest Conspiracies of All Time, Citadel, 1996 Williams, Carol J. "Breeding to Further the Reich," Los Angeles Times, January 21, 2000 L.A. Mentary, Victor Serebriakoff Memorial Issue, Volume 38, Number 3, March 2000

Robert Sterling
Editor, The Konformist
http://www.konformist.com
http://www.konformist.com/2001/censor-award.htm

Human Genome Project Opens the Door to Ethnically Specific Bioweapons

Washington Free Press
Jan./ Feb. 2000
Titles: Genetic Bullets, Ethnically Specific Bioweapons
Author: Roy Blake

Konformist
March 2000
Title: Ethnic Weapons for Ethnic Cleansing
Author Greg Bishop
www.konformist.com

North Coast Xpress
Fall 2000
The Human Genome Project and Eugenics
Author Robert Lederman

Corporate news coverage: Daily Telegraph (London) 7/7/00, Agence
France Presse 1/21/99, The Gazette (Montreal) A-4, Baltimore Sun
1/22/99 A-18, The Salt Lake City Tribune 1/27/99 A-13, The Times
Union (Albany) 2/2/99 D-2,

Faculty/Community Evaluators: Rabbi Michael Robinson, Velma Guillory-
Taylor, Ed.D.
Student Researchers: Terrie Girdner, Karen Parlette, Jennifer Swift

The Human Genome Project may now open the door to the development and
use of genetic weapons targeted at specific ethnic groups. This
project is currently being conducted under the auspices of the U.S.
Energy Department, which also oversees America's nuclear weapon
arsenal.
In October 1997, Dr. Wayne Nathanson, chief of the Science and Ethics
Department of the Medical Society of the United Kingdom, warned the
annual meeting of the Society that "gene therapy" might possibly be
turned into "gene weapons" which could potentially be used to target
particular genes possessed by certain groups of people. These
weapons, Nathanson warned, could be delivered not only in the forms
already seen in warfare such as gas and aerosol, but could also be
added to water supplies, causing not only death but sterility and
birth defects in targeted groups.
Current estimates of the cost of developing a "gene weapon" have been
placed at around $50 million, still quite a stretch for an isolated
band of neo-Nazis, but well within the capabilities of covert
government programs.
On November 15, 1998, the London Times reported that Israel claimed
to have successfully developed a genetically specific "ethnic bullet"
that targets Arabs. When an Israeli government spokesman was asked to
confirm the existence of ethnic weapons, he did not deny that they
had them, but rather said, "we have a basket full of serious
surprises that we will not hesitate to use if we feel that the state
of Israel is under serious threat."
Some scientists worry that the modified genes that corporations have
spliced into fish, fowl, fruit and vegetables have permanently
altered the world's food supply. Some may be intended to reduce
populations.
The U.S. has a long history of interest in such genetic research. The
current home of the Human Genome Project is the Cold Springs Harbor
laboratory on Long Island, NY—the exact site of the notorious
Eugenics Research Office that was started in 1910 by the Harriman
family. The project's 1910 agenda included governmental imposition of
sanctions on such human rights as reproduction, and on U.S.
immigration, based on the alleged inferiority of particular ethnic
groups. The Eugenics Research Project established medical and
psychological conditions that would qualify one for sterilization or
euthanasia. Prominent advocates of the program such as the
Rockefeller family, Henry Ford, and Margaret Sanger helped smooth the
way for the passage of forcible sterilization laws in 25 states.
These laws allowed the forcible sterilization of tens of thousands of
people, mostly of minority status, during the first half of the 20th
century.
The November 1970 issue of the Military Review published an article
entitled "Ethnic Weapons" for command-level military personnel. The
author of the article was Dr. Carl Larson, head of the Department of
Human Genetics at the Institute of Genetics in Lund, Sweden. Dr
Larson wrote of how genetic variations in races are concurrent with
differences in tolerances for various substances. For instance, large
segments of Southeast Asian populations display a lactose intolerance
due to the absence of the enzyme lactase in the digestive system. A
biological weapon could conceivably take advantage of this genetic
variance and incapacitate or kill an entire population.

Update by Greg Bishop
The ubiquitous nature of racism and the ruling power structure's
history of handling "undesirables," as well as dealing with an enemy
(almost always of different racial stock than a dominant aggressor)
virtually assures us that the more powerful countries and their
allies are continuing to look into new and better ways of subduing
and killing whole (or major parts of) foreign populations.
When the London Times broke the story of the Israeli bioweapons
project and interest in the development of pathogens that would
disable or kill by ethnicity, they quoted an unnamed British
intelligence source that said that these sorts of weapons
were "theoretically possible." They were not only "theoretical" but
had been researched for nearly 50 years. The lynchpin of the Times
article was the writer's reliance on a specifically genetic
explanation for ethnic weapons.
Bioweapons have been used since at least the Roman Empire, when
armies dumped dead animals into an enemy's water supply to spread
disease. Research into ethnic-specific bioweapons was first broached
publicly in 1970, when Dr. Carl Larson's article "Ethnic Weapons"
appeared in the Military Review. Larson discussed the possibility of
utilizing differing races' sensitivity or low resistance to specific
compounds (such as lactose intolerance among Asians) as either a
bioweapon in itself, or as a "vector" that would allow other poisons
or microorganisms to more easily enter a human body when defenses
were lowered or destroyed. This method was not as surgically accurate
as the military might want it to be, since many populations are not
completely homogenous. The strange thing about the Times coverage was
that it completely ignored this history and the fact that any
technology for killing more of the enemy than your own would most
likely be (and has been) looked upon with interest by military
strategists.
No updates have yet appeared (or I have been unable to locate any) on
the subject of Israeli ethnic weapons. In this country, continuing a
historic policy toward Native Americans, it has been revealed that
the American Indian Health Service (IHS—funded by the Federal
Government, who employ the doctors and nurses) coerced Native
American men and women into forced sterilizations in the early to mid
1970s. The General Accounting Office (GAO) estimated that 3,400
people (mostly women) underwent the treatment, but their study only
covered four of twelve IHS regions for four years. Activists put the
estimate much higher, at 60,000 to 70,000. This, coupled with the
suspicion raised by the hantavirus outbreak in the Four Corners
region of Arizona/New Mexico/Colorado/Utah keeps suspicion and
fingers pointed at the federal government and at least some
government policies toward the American Indian population.
(Hantavirus is one of many "new" diseases that have come under
suspicion of having their origins in genetic engineering or
biowarfare labs.) As reported in a 1994 Project Censored update,
Utah's Dugway Proving Grounds biowarfare research site was also
reopened despite local residents' protests over fears that the
facility was originally closed because of safety concerns. Fort
Dietrick, the site of the most notorious CIA drug and army biowarfare
research in the United States now houses major research facilities of
the National Cancer Institute, raising issues of conflict (or
collusion) or interest.
No major press outlets were consulted about publication of the story.
It was written to appear on the Konformist.com website. Public
awareness spread from there. There appears to have been no followup
in the mainstream media on the original 1998 London Times story.
For more information on this story:
Cole, Leonard A. Clouds of Secrecy: The Amy's Germ Warfare Tests Over
Populated Areas, Rowman & Littlefield, Totowa, N.J. , 1988.
Hersh, Seymour M. Chemical and Biological Warfare: America's Hidden
Arsenal, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis, 1968.
Murphy, Sean. No Fire, No Thunder: The Threat of Chemical and
Biological Weapons, Monthly Review Press, New York , 1984.
Piller, Charles. Gene Wars: Military Control Over the New Genetic
Technologies, Beech Tree Books, New York , 1988.
Spiers, Edward M. Chemical and Biological Weapons: A Study in
Proliferation, St. Martin's Press, New York, 1994.

Websites:
www.disinfo.com/pages/dossier/id293/pg1.html
Article by Preston Peet on U.S. biowarfare testing in Puerto Rico in
the 1930s. Island population was deliberately infected with cancer in
a program run by Dr. Cornelius Rhodes, who went on to win seats on
the Atomic Energy Commission and the Rockefeller Institute, as well
as running U.S. chemical warfare programs in WWII. Many useful links.
www.ratical.org/ratville/sterilize.html
Long and detailed article on the American Indian sterilization
program.
cns.miis.edu/pubs/reports/zilin.htm
This Center for Nonproliferation Studies site features text of threat
assessment presented to Congressional subcommittee in October 1999,
by Dr. Raymond Zilinskas. Includes information on bioweapons and
ethnic weapons.
www.gene.ch/gentech/1999/Jan-Feb/msg00070.html
Genetech discussion list featuring exchanges on ethnic weapons.
Concentrates on possibility of genetically engineered versions.

Update by Robert Sterling, Editor of the Konformist
Let me add personal knowledge of response to the article of which the
author Greg Bishop was unaware. While the media response was
predictably non-existent, I did receive numerous comments that spoke
volumes. The main thrust of "Ethnic
Weapons for Ethnic Cleansing" was reports of an Israeli biowarfare
program targeting Arabs. One of the key groups of readers of the
Konformist are Zionist Jews, courtesy of the promotion of the
provocative writings of Israel's Barry Chamish, a dedicated Zionist
who has done tremendous work investigating the Rabin assassination
and the suppressions involved with it. What is interesting is that,
though I received quite a few Emails from the Zionist community, none
denied the accuracy of the story. Instead, they brashly admitted it
was true, then added it was necessary because Israel needed to defend
itself from its Arab neighbors. What is most telling is that many
letters included references to Arabs that were derogatory and
dehumanizing. That such a destructive philosophy is accepted by so
many uncritically in Israel explains much of the vicious thuggery
performed against the Palestinians over the last four months (not to
mention the last 33 years). This is why I submitted the story,
because it underscored an important point that no group has a
monopoly of hatred and oppression, and that authoritarian values of
all flavors must be rejected and battled with words.

Update by Robert Lederman
While the average person has no particular interest in nor any
tangible use for the
Human Genome Project it, more than the economy or whichever political
party is in power in Washington, will very significantly mold the
future of human life on this planet. Like its origin, Eugenics, the
Human Genome Project (HGP) has been presented to the public as an
effort by our government to help people live happier, healthier, and
more productive lives. Nothing could be further from the truth.
When I first wrote the article "The Human Genome Project and
Eugenics" I received a lot of correspondence from media people and
scientists who felt I was unfairly associating the HGP with Eugenics
and its expression in Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Since then
I've found on the HGP's own website an introduction to the project
that makes exactly the same connection in no uncertain terms.

From vector.cshl.org/eugenics.html:
"Although it is easy to conceive of the Human Genome Project and
genetic engineering as an entirely new epoch in scientific history,
this is not our first-scale involvement with human genetics. Our
current rush into the "gene age" has striking parallels to the
eugenics movement of the early decades of the 20th century.
Eugenicists sought an exclusively genetic explanation of human
development, neglecting the important contribution of the
environment. Their flawed data were the basis for social legislation
to separate racial and ethnic groups, restrict immigration from
southern and eastern Europe, and sterilize people
considered "genetically unfit." Elements of the American eugenics
movement were models for the Nazis, whose radical adaptation of
eugenics culminated in the Holocaust."
As of this writing, the human genomes of the populations of Estonia,
Tonga, and Iceland have been bought and patented by private
corporations with many more such corporatized human lineages to
follow. James Watson, the discoverer of the structure of DNA and the
project's first director, has spoken publicly of his enthusiasm for
human germline engineering—making permanent inheritable changes in
the human populations' DNA. In the brief time since I wrote the
article, insurance companies have publicly admitted that they will
use prospective clients' DNA in deciding whether to grant them health
insurance. Mayors and governors across America are following NYC
Mayor Rudolph Giuliani in demanding that DNA samples be taken from
every person arrested regardless of how minor their crime. Man-made
transgenic organisms are being introduced into the human food supply
and environment under the guise of distributing vaccines and
improving nutrition with what can only be described as either
reckless enthusiasm or an intent to do harm. In short, we will soon
be living in a society in which Eugenics science applied by
government may play a greater role in ones destiny than any other
factor.
While all of this is happening the public is being misled into
believing that the Project's main purpose is to cure diseases and
extend human life. Once this genie is out of the bottle, it will
never be put back in. While it may seem like science fiction to most
people, the Human Genome Project represents the single biggest threat
to human freedom that has ever been devised.
The following websites contain a great amount of scientific,
historical, and propaganda material on Eugenics and the Human Genome
Project. Some of the sites are anti-eugenics and others, including a
neo-Nazi site, are pro-eugenics and blatantly racist. My including
them in this list should not be construed as an endorsement of any of
the statements contained therein, other than those in my own articles.
Baltech.org/lederman/spray/
www.hli.org/issues/pp/bcreview/index.html
www.georgetown.edu/research/nrcbl/scopenotes/sn28.htm
www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/SG.html
www.notdeadyet.org/eughis.html
www.techreview.com/articles/as96/allen.html
www.hli.org/issues/pp/bcreview/index.html
www.csu.edu.au/learning/ncgr/gpi/grn/edures/scope.28.2.html
users.erols.com/straymond/EUGENICS2.htm
home.att.net/~eugenics/
www.sightings.com/general3/eugene.htm
www4.stormfront.org/posterity/


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