Pilgrims Society

Pilgrims Society

Note beforehand: Since this article first appeared knowledge about this group has greatly expanded. Therefore I suggest you also take a look at the introduction page and appendix B where the origins of this group and its influence is discussed in more detail. In past front page articles more information can be found on the templar, Rosicrucian, and Masonic influences within this group. I also suggest you take a look at this chart, which has been put together by looking at the individual biographies of the Pilgrims Society members.

Even today it's members consist of the wealthiest businessman and the most influential politicians. It was erected over a century ago and meets at least 2 or 3 times a year. Still, 99% of the world has never heard of it. We're talking about the Pilgrims Society. An aristocratic Anglo-American dining club who's members keep themselves informed by inviting politicians to make a speech. The primary purpose of this club is to keep the ties between the United States and Britain as strong as possible. The official reason was, and is, that the forefathers of most Americans from the Virginia and New York area emigrated from the British Isles, therefore they share a common heritage. They are blood brothers so to speak. Of course, the obvious reason was to form an unofficial alliance with the United States to improve the strained relations and to vastly increase the powers of the dwindling British empire. The heart of the British empire and the later British Commonwealth became the Pilgrims Society, it's philosophies dominated by the executives of the upcoming mega corporations, largely located in the City of London and the city of New York.

The London chapter of the Pilgrims Society was established on July 11, 1902, followed by a New York chapter on January 13, 1903. It's patron is the British monarch, who has plenty of representatives attending the meetings. A member of the Royal family usually attends the London diners.

As you'll find out by looking at the membership list, the Pilgrims Society has clearly fused together the business centers of New York and London, together with a large portion of the political centers of both nations. Ninety percent of the American members are top-level bankers and businessmen from New York city.

Only a couple of Pilgrims own or chair companies with headquarters in Boston or Philadelphia. Businesses that have their headquarters in any other location than this small part of the north-east corner of the United States don't seem to be represented at all (do keep in mind that recent data is sketchy). Relatively few government officials from Washington are recruited into the Pilgrims Society. Officials from outside the UK or US visit the club occasionally. In the past they usually came from countries incorporated within the British Empire or the Commonwealth, most notably Canada and Australia.

A mistake usually made when people refer to this society, is when they call it the 'Pilgrim Society', because this name hasn't been used that often. The most often used name is the 'Pilgrims Society', sometimes spelled as 'Pilgrim's Society'. You might think this isn't such a big deal, but when you search the internet or some archives for the 'Pilgrim Society', you will hardly find any official sources, simply because they all refer to the 'Pilgrims Society'. The name 'Pilgrims Society' is also unique, so you won't confuse it with this one. Also try searching on 'The Pilgrims' or more specifically, the 'Pilgrims of the United States' and the 'Pilgrims of the United Kingdom'/'Pilgrims of Great Britain'.

The club is secret. It might be one of those 'open-secrets', but it's secret nonetheless. If it wasn't, we would have read about it in the history books, we would know all the details of the meetings, and we would have membership lists in the public domain. It is possible to find quite a bit of information in regular newspaper archives, but you really have to look for it. It takes forever to piece the story together. For example, The Scotsman made numerous references to it in the first half of the century (archives are only available up to 1950 atm). Time Magazine made them much less, but still referred to the club once every few years. After 1958, Time only mentioned the club 2 or 3 times, even though meetings continued as usual. Other newspapers in the U.S., like the New York Times and the Washington Post have referred the Pilgrims at times. The Wall Street Journal on the other hand never mentioned a whole lot about this dining club at any time in the past century. The Times of London mentioned the society a couple of times in the past 10 years, even though, as all the other papers, it didn't give many details about who's attending. Most other newspapers, including the Scotsman, New York Post, Washington Times, or even the Guardian, seem to have been (almost) completely silent about the Pilgrims in the last 5 to 7 years (that's how far the digital archives go back). In other countries it's virtually impossible to get any information on the Pilgrims. Not one large Dutch newspaper has mentioned the name in the past 20 years. References in German or French newspapers are just as uncommon. One thing you actually càn find, is different speeches on official websites; One at NATO, another one at the State Department, and yet another one from 1999 on the MoD website. They all deal with one little speech and when you ask for some background information you won't get any replies. And that's strange. Maybe it's done to give people the impression there's nothing unusual about the club. Indeed, looking at the speeches there certainly isn't. All they do is talk about regular pro-NATO politics and kiss up to their "brothers" on the other side of the ocean. Two recent examples:

[1]	January 2002, Lord Robertson, 'NATO after September 11'
[2]	November 2002, Richard Boucher on Foreign policy, the EU, and NATO

You can find other speeches in the references at the bottom of this article. Of course, it's probably not because of the speeches that the Pilgrims Society keeps itself out of the public eye. More likely it's because of who's being informed and for what purpose. Also, it's obvious that members discuss a lot of other business among themselves.

More in depth

As already stated, those who own or run the major banking houses, law firms, and insurance companies in the London and New York area will be invited to join, together with a few very specific government officials. This always includes the president of the United States, the U.S. Secretary of State and the U.S. ambassador to Great Britain. On the right you can see which other delegates traditionally are recruited into Pilgrims. Chancellors, Chief Justices, and Attorney Generals seem to be frequent members also. Occasional exceptions have been made to allow writers, composers and art collectors into the society. An example of that was Mark Twain. The patron of the		Scanned by Charles Savoie of Silver Investor.
Pilgrims Society is the king or queen of England and a member from the royal family usually attends the Pilgrim dinners in Great Britain.

That's basically all there is to this Pilgrims Society; it's a dining club. Several times a year a dinner is planned and the board chooses which members it will invite this time, usually somewhere between 300 and 500. A few additional people are invited to hold a speech on a variety of political topics and someone is made the guest of honor. This guest of honor is usually a new member or a Pilgrim who has accomplished something worth remembering. In addition, the chairman of the Society (in Britain it is Robert M. Worcester atm) might give a speech to the CFR or the RIIA once in a while. As already demonstrated, the speeches are both boring and interesting at the same time. Boring because of their substance, and interesting because they show us that Pilgrims, as a whole, aren't privy to many state secrets.

A great example of the cooperation between the London and American Pilgrims is theLondon Bush House, which was ordered to be built in 1919 by Pilgrim Irving T. Bush, a N.Y. businessman. At the time it was the most expensive building in the world and was meant to be an Anglo-American trade center where buyers could purchase goods in one place. It lost it's original function after a couple of decades, but still exists today as an office to the BBC World Service. Above the entrance there's a large statue, which represents this Anglo-American cooperation.

Britain is represented on the left by the lions, the USA is represented on the right by the Eagle. The Celtic cross indicates their common heritage. The torch can represent freedom, wisdom, victory, or something along that line. Below the statue you'll find the inscription "To the friendship of English Speaking Peoples".

The Pilgrims Society is allied with the English-Speaking Union, which is an organization that promotes the use of the English language all over the world. The patron is the English queen and the president is prince Philip. The chairman, as far as we know, is always a member of the Pilgrims.

The institutions the Pilgrims control

All the important members of the 1910 Jekyll Island meeting were Pilgrims; Vanderlip, Strong, Warburg, Davison, Norton, and Aldrich. Senator Aldrich's closest ally in congress, Edward B. Vreeland, was a Pilgrim too, together with his brother. Vreeland helped Aldrich establish a privately owned central bank. Of course, J.P. Morgan, George F. Baker, John D. Rockefeller, and Jacob Schiff were members also. Keep in mind these people were often competing with each other and weren't necessarily friends, as so many (conspiracy-oriented) people seem to think.

N.Y. FED 'Pilgrim-presidents'
Benjamin Strong	1914-1928
George Harrison	1928-1940
Allan Sproul	1941-1956
Alfred Hayes	1956-1975
Paul Volcker	1975-1979
Anthony Solomon	1980-1985
E. Gerald Corrigan	1985-1993
William J. McDonough	1993-2003
Timothy Geithner	2003-present
Red = confirmed Pilgrim

Pilgrim-presidents of the New York Federal Reserve Bank cover the period from 1914 to 1979. The 4 presidents since then have not been members as far as we know, although that's probably because of a lack of recent data. Pilgrim-chairmen of the New York Federal Reserve cover almost the entire period from the 1920s up to 1990, so we can safely assume that the New York Federal Reserve Bank is owned by the Pilgrims. That's not that unusual, because New York itself is Pilgrims property.

Because the Pilgrims have a large influence on Washington politics, it would be interesting to see if they have any members on the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, also located in D.C. If we have those names, we can estimate the Pilgrims' level of control over the Federal Open Market Committee. The FOMC is the main body of the Federal Reserve that decides on the monetary policy. The New York FED then carries out those directives through it's daily 'open market operations'. In the words of the official Federal Reserve website that I just gave a link to:

"Finally, the Committee [FOMC] must reach a consensus regarding the appropriate course for policy, which is incorporated in a directive to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York—the Bank that executes transactions for the System Open Market Account. The directive is cast in terms designed to provide guidance to the Manager in the conduct of day-to-day open market operations. The directive sets forth the Committee's objectives for long-run growth of certain key monetary and credit aggregates. It also sets forth operating guidelines for the degree of ease or restraint to be sought in reserve conditions and expectations with regard to short-term rates of growth in the monetary aggregates."

The FOMC consists of the 7 FED governors, 1 permanent New York FED president, and 4 presidents of the other 11 FED banks that rotate each year. The chairman of the board of governors is also the chairman of the FOMC, and the president of the permanently represented New York FED is the vice chairman of the FOMC. We quote from the same page:

"...Traditionally, the Chairman of the Board of Governors is elected Chairman and the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York is elected Vice Chairman..."

When sifting through the members list, it turns out that at least 4 of the 13 Federal Reserve chairmen are confirmed Pilgrims (they cover the years 1933-1934 & 1959-1987). Two other chairmen, Eugene Meyer and Alan Greenspan, have all the trademarks of being Pilgrims members. If that could be confirmed, the FED's Board of Governors has had Pilgrims as chairman from at least 1930 to 1934 & from 1959 on to 2005. In any case, the Pilgrims Society seems to be represented a disproportionate amount on the most influential places inside the U.S. monetary system, especially for a society that doesn't want it's existence to be known to the general public. It is likely that at least since 1959 the chairman and vice chairman of the FOMC were Pilgrims, together with the persons carrying out the directives of the FOMC through the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

Function	Amount
CFR non-executive members	45
CFR executive members	33
Carnegie Institute executives	21
FED executive positions	21
J.P. Morgan executives	17
Chase Bank executives	16
Skull & Bones	11
President World Bank	4 (of 10)

After analyzing the Pilgrims Society members list of about 360 names (updated in the meantime), I found that the institutions you see on the left were the most often represented. About 75% of this list is American and 25% British (rough estimate). This means that about 1 in 3 of the U.S. members of the Pilgrims Society is a confirmed member of the CFR. Striking is the fact that such a large percentage of CFR members are executive officers. About 50% of all the CFR executive officers have been confirmed members of the Pilgrims Society, which seems to indicate that quite possibly all of them are.

I remember looking at an old documentary about the CFR "master conspiracy". The usual stuff came by; banking, the Illuminati and the dollar bill. At the end they showed these concentric rings, indicating the CFR had unknown inner circles. Guess we can now say for sure what the second circle is, counting from the outside. It's the Pilgrims Society and it undeniably shows the close link between American and British foreign policy.

Of course, it has long been speculated that the same group that set up the RIIA, set up the CFR, but I was never convinced enough though, because the group connecting both organizations has never been fully identified. The existence of the Round Table, however likely, has never been proven. For now, the Pilgrims Society, a seemingly larger body, is a fine substitute, because it shares many similarities with the "association of helpers" from the Round Table. Read this text from the 1966 book 'Tragedy and Hope - A history of the world in our time', written by Oxford professor Carroll Quigley:

"In 1891, Rhodes organized a secret society with members in a "Circle of Initiates" and an outer circle known as the "Association of Helpers" later organized as the Round Table organization. In 1909-1913, they organized semi-secret groups know as Round Table Groups in the chief British dependencies and the United States..

The Round Table Groups were semi-secret discussion and lobbying groups whose original purpose was to federate the English speaking world along lines laid down by Cecil Rhodes. By 1915, Round Table groups existed in seven countries including England, South Africa, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and the United States.

Money for their activities originally came from Cecil Rhodes, J.P. Morgan, the Rockefeller and Whitney families and associates of bankers Lazard Brothers and Morgan, Grenfell and Company.

The chief backbone of this organization grew up along the already existing financial cooperation running from the Morgan Bank in New York to a group of international financiers in London led by Lazard Brothers.

Lionel Curtis established in England and each dominion a front organization to the existing local Round Table Group. This front organization called the Royal Institute of Public Affairs, had as its nucleus in each area the existing submerged Round Table Group.

In New York, it was known as the Council on Foreign Relations and was a front for J.P. Morgan and Company in association with the very small American Round Table Group. The American organizers were dominated by the large number of Morgan "experts" including Lamont and Beer, who had gone to the Paris Peace Conference and there became close friends with the similar group of English "experts" which had been recruited by the Milner group. In fact, the original plans for the Royal Institute and the Council on Foreign Relations. In 1928, the Council on Foreign Relations was dominated by the associates of the Morgan bank. Closely allied with this Morgan influence were a small group of Wall Street lawyers whose chief figures were Elihu Root, John W. Davis, the Dulles Brothers, John J. McCloy...

...There does exist and has existed for a generation, an international Anglophile network which operates to some extent in the way the Radical Right believes the Communists act. In fact, this network, which we may identify as the Round Table Groups, has no aversion to cooperating with the Communists, or any other groups, and frequently does so...

...It might be pointed out that the existence of this Wall Street Anglo-American axis is quite obvious once it is pointed out. It is reflected by the fact that such Wall Street luminaries such as John W. Davis, Lewis Douglas, [John] Whitney and Douglas Dillon were appointed to be American ambassadors in London."

If we forget about the other groups, the description of the U.S. and U.K. Round Table Groups as submerged nucleuses of respectively the CFR and the RIIA is the perfect description of the Pilgrims Society. Also, the only name of a person in the quote above, that is not represented in my incomplete Pilgrims members list, is Lionel Curtis. All the other names are confirmed Pilgrims. And what is said here about the large number of Morgan representatives is something I also immediately noticed when I was filling in all the biographies. Even though Rockefeller interests, especially in later times, were just as dominant, the history of the Morgan family really shows their ties to England throughGeorge Peabody and Junius S. Morgan. At the turn of the century, the Morgans wielded enormous power over the United States economy [1].

Besides the organizations I put in the table above, you will also find that institutions like the Atlantic Institute for International Affairs, Bilderberg, the Bohemian Grove, the Trilateral Commission, the Brookings Institution, the Ford Foundation, the Ditchley Foundations, the Fabian Society, the Japan Society, the Asia Society, the American-Australian Association, and some others, are quite frequently represented. I didn't specifically look for these institutions though, simply because it takes me too much time. Often, these institutes aren't mentioned in the bios of the person you're researching.

The reason that you find quite a few Skull & Bones members (or members who have family in Skull & bones) in the Pilgrims Society is probably because Yale is a prestigious University and a first choice for many law and MBA students. It's also located very close to New York. Don't kid yourself however, 20 year old boys don't rule anything. You'll also find at least 5 Scroll & Key members and many more Yale students who haven't been into any society. But as far as I can see, the Pilgrims Society is open to anyone who learns enough, works enough, and winds up in the right place for a Pilgrims invitation. Harvard and Columbia are other common universities where Pilgrims have studied.

Some examples of involvement of the Pilgrims over the last 100 years

1906 - Pilgrims are involved in the secret Algeciras Conference to settle a dispute among the British, Germans, and French about the division of Morocco.
1913 - The earlier mentioned establishment of the Federal Reserve and of course the 1910 Jekyll Island meeting that preceded it.
1917 - Some Pilgrims are said to have been financing the Communist revolution of 1917. Most is known about the partners of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.; Pilgrims Jacob Schiff, Paul Warburg and Otto Kahn.
1919 - Many Pilgrims played an important role in the Versailles peace conferences following WWI. In all the history books I've seen, only the discussions of the 'big three', Woodrow Wilson, Lloyd George and Georges Clemenceau, are emphasized. I'm still looking for all the names involved, but I've already seen quite a few Pilgrims and suspected Pilgrims. In any case, Robert Cecil, chairman of the Supreme Economic Council of the Versailles Peace Treaty was a member. In the same year, he was the chairman of the committee that established the Royal Institute of International Affairs.
1924 - After the German economy was completely taken apart and they couldn't pay their imposed debts anymore, the Reparations Commission Committee of Experts was set up. President Coolidge appointed Pilgrim Charles G. Dawes as chairman. The committee comes up with the so called 'Dawes-plan'.
1927 - It is said that Pilgrim Benjamin Strong (head FED) and Pilgrim Montagu Norman (head Bank of England) had at least one secret meeting in July of this year with their friend Hjalmar Schacht of the German Reichsbank.
1930 - The Young plan, which is named after committee chairman and Pilgrim Owen D. Young, is introduced as a follow up of the Pilgrims concocted Dawes plan, because Germany still can't pay their debts. Hjalmar Schacht doesn't agree with the reparations and quits as the head of the German Reichsbank. The same year Schacht becomes a Fascist, starts bringing all the German industrialists together and becomes the most crucial person for bringing Hitler to power in 1933.
1933 and on - J.P. Morgan and Rockefeller associates are financing Nazi germany. Pilgrims Watson and Watson Jr. of IBM are involved. Pilgrims Douglas Dillon Sr. and Jr. are involved. Pilgrim Averell Harriman is involved. Ford was involved, and looking at the prominent presence of the Ford Foundation in the Pilgrims Society, he probably was a member too.
1934 - Because general Smedley Butler exposes the planned coup, FDR is not overthrown and replaced by a fascist government. The persons financing various fascist elements turn out to be the Pilgrims Morgan Jr., the du Ponts, Louis S. Cates through Phelps-Dodge company, and undoubtedly many other, but unconfirmed, Pilgrims. As for Phelps-Dodge, the Rockefellers had married into that fortune in 1907 through a marriage between Geraldine Rockefeller, daughter of William Rockefeller, and Marcellus Hartley Dodge.
1945 - Nazis, Knights of Malta (SMOM), and elements in the OSS create the so called 'Vatican rat lines', through which thousands of Nazis are smuggled into Spain, South-Africa, and South-America. Pilgrim and SMOM member Allen Dulles played a large role in this project. He also plays a crucial role in releasing and recruiting Nazi intelligence chief Reinhard Gehlen (Le Cercle) so this person can establish the Gehlen Organization. This Gehlen Org becomes the eyes and ears of the CIA in eastern Europe. Reinhard recruits many serious nazis in his organization.
1946 - Pilgrim Francis Beverly Biddle was one of the four primary judges at the Nuremberg trials representing the United States. I'll bet the British judge (and president) of the trials was a member of the British Pilgrims.
1947 - Pilgrims Society member, five-star general and U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall introduces his European Recovery Program (ERP).
around 1948 - Pilgrim John J. McCloy oversees the release of Fritz Thyssen, Hjalmar Schacht, Friedrich Flick and Alfred Krupp. They are the main industrialists who built up the Nazi war machine and are close associates of different Pilgrims Society members.
1949 - Pilgrims member and ambassador Lewis Williams Douglas had a daughter, Sharman Douglas, who, according to a very sure ITV (competitor of the BBC), had a 2-year lesbian affair with Queen Elizabeth II's younger sister, Princess Margaret Windsor. Sharman also married Andrew Hay of the Pilgrims. (Normally I wouldn't dive into tabloid topics, but this is just too funny to pass over)
1951 - General Douglas MacArthur, who has just driven back the North-Koreans, is removed from his command when he doesn't accept the decision from the US government to not attack the Chinese forces. Pilgrims Harry Truman, Dean Acheson and George C. Marshall are his main adversaries on this issue. MacArthur is replaced by Pilgrim Matthew B. Ridgway. Senator McCarthy attacks Truman, Acheson and Marshall for being in the communist camp.
1954 - Some of the earliest invites to the Bilderberg conference are Pilgrims Society members; David Rockefeller, George Ball, and Henry Heinz.
1961 - Howard Hughes, owner of Trans World Airlines, is charging Pilgrim Charles C. Tillinghast, Jr., the president of his company, with conspiring with others to take over the ownership the company.
1963 - Pilgrims John J. McCloy and Allen Dulles are members of the Warren Commission. Gerald Ford, a future honorary Pilgrim, is a third member.
1965-1973 - During the Vietnam war, Pilgrim Henry Kissinger is the chief US negotiator for the communist regimes. At the same time, Kissinger and many of his Pilgrims Society buddies were investing massive amounts of capital into the Soviet Union, even though this country continued to supply about 50% of North-Vietnams military arms. Of course, these were allowed to enter North-Vietnam almost unobstructed, because the US government was afraid for an escalation of the conflict if Haiphong harbor was closed off and bombed into oblivion. Pilgrims Society members controlled at least some of the institutions that had to check the goods that were imported into the USSR.
1973 - Pilgrim Edward W. Simon was chairman of the President's Oil Policy Committee from February to December of 1973 (oil crisis started in October in the midst of the Yom Kippur war). He also was an administrator of the Federal Energy Office since December 1973 and was charged with the responsibility of minimizing the effects of the energy crisis and preventing future crises (decided the oil prices and the distribution). Together with Pilgrim Henry Kissinger he was the most important speaker of the 1974 International Energy Conference. In 1973, Henry Kissinger first informed the Pilgrims about the creation of an "International Energy group", which became the International Energy Agency.
1975 - Pilgrim Nelson Rockefeller heads the U.S. President's Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States. It was created in response to a December 1974 report in The New York Times that the CIA had conducted illegal domestic activities, including experiments on U.S. citizens, during the 1960s. The commission was, among other things, responsible for the investigation and publication of Project MKULTRA, a CIA mind control study.
1977 - Pilgrims Society member Edmund de Rothschild attends the 1st World Wilderness Conference. At the 4th conference Maurice Strong will inform everyone that Edmund was the founder of the environmental movement and climate debates everyone has become so accustomed to.
1992 - Pilgrim Lord Bingham of Cornhill heads an inquiry into the Bank of England to find out their responsibility in the BCCI drug laundering scandal. Turns out the Bank of England was just a bit lazy, but didn't do anything on purpose. The persons that owned the BCCI were 1001 Club member like Agha Hasan Abedi and Salem Bin Laden. Kalid bin Mahfouz was another one. Lord Bingham became a member of the very elite Order of Garter in 2005. Some other persons involved with the BCCI scandal were members of the secret international intelligence group Le Cercle.
2001 - Henry Kissinger, who was picked as the first chairman of the 9/11 Commission, was a Pilgrim, not to mention one of the pioneers of psychological warfare in the aftermath of WWII; all in all, a great asset to have on a truth commission. The old vice-chairman of the 9/11 Commission, George John Mitchell, became a director of the CFR in 1995, so chances are very substantial he's a Pilgrim too. The new chairman, Thomas H. Kean, is from a very prominent New Jersey family and has been a chairman of the Carnegie Foundation, so don't be surprised if it turns out that he also attends Pilgrims dinners (or 1001 Club meetings in his case).
2002 - In December of this year, Pilgrims Society member Lord Guthrie, former chief of the Defense Staff and out of office by then, is send to Turkey to discuss a possible invasion of Iraq via Turkey. He becomes an apologist for the Bush and Blair administrations, and warns the public for biological and nuclear attacks by terrorists. According to him, Syria is one of the largest supporters of terrorism. But who else is Lord Guthrie? He's a member of the Knights of Malta, a patron of the Cardinal Hume centre, a director of N.M. Rothschild & Sons, and represents the latter to the Trilateral Commission since 2002. In the past, Guthrie has been appointed Gold Stick to the Queen and Freeman of the City of London. He was also appointed Aide-de-Camp General to the Queen in 1993.
2004 - Pilgrims Society member Lord Peter Inge is part of a five-member panel that looks into the gathered intelligence that was used to justify an invasion in Iraq the year before. All 5 are Privy Councillors and just as the panel's chairman, Lord Inge is a knight of the Order of the Garter.

		Conclusion It is obvious that the Pilgrims Society has a very interesting history and that it's membership consists of very influential people. Above all, it seems that the Pilgrims Society represents that old dream of Cecil Rhodes to create a worldwide English-speaking free-trade zone (his exact words), with the dominant position for the Anglo-Saxon race. Rhodes had also been speculating about a network of secret societies that had to absorb the wealth of the world. In fact, the enormous fortune he left behind was probably used to set up the Pilgrims Society just 4 months after he died. But especially these days, 'free-trade' policies seem to
be nothing more than a tool by which western companies wrestle control of foreign markets. This makes it hard to say if their ultimate goal of 'global peace' really is that noble.

In the course the 20th century, especially after WWII, many organizations with similar objectives have sprung up worldwide. Among them are Bilderberg, the Trilateral Commission, the British Invisibles, the European Round Table, the Group of thirty, the European Institute, the Trans-Atlantic Business Dialogue, the 1001 Club, the EU-Japan Business Dialogue, the Pacific Basin Economic Council, Le Cercle, the Multinational Chairman's Group, and dozens more.

In every single case, British and American interests are represented more than adequately, at the very least in leadership positions. Even though recent names are in rather short supply it has already become obvious that we can find most, if not all of these leaders back in the Pilgrims Society. This indicates that we are dealing with one of the most important privately funded institutions of the globalist movement. But, like I already said, let's not exaggerate by saying that we found 'the puppet masters' or something like that. At any time, there are loads of intelligence operations going on most of the well over a 1000 members know nothing about. Also, looking at the bios, it's obvious that there is considerable infighting going on and that different members can't get along with each other at all. So, as for now, I suggest that we focus our energy on gathering as many names as possible. Then the picture will become clear by itself.

A lot of additional information on the Anglo-American establishment and/or the British Empire can be found in the books of professor Carroll Quigley. The articles on Executive Intelligence Review also contain a lot of insightful information.

References

[1]	October 1901, #6, McClure’s Magazine, ‘J. Pierpont Morgan’
[2]	February 05, 1903, Reuters, 'Lord C. Beresford in Washington'
[3]	March 3, 1903, The Scotsman, 'Great Britain and the United States - Banquet in London'
[4]	June 20, 1903, The Scotsman, 'MP George Wyndham at the Pilgrims Club'
[5]	February 20, 1908, New York Times, ‘Ambassador Reid – the Pilgrims guest’
[6]	April 24, 1910, Associated Press, Mark Twain deceased - Pilgrims visit
[7]	February 6, 1913, The Scotsman, King George delivers message at Pilgrims Society
[8]	December 24, 1915, The Scotsman, 'Closer Unity of the British Empire'
[9]	June 1, 1918, Press Association, 'Hands off the Southern Pacific'
[10]	December 22, 1919, The Scotsman, Pilgrims celebrate 299th birthday of original Pilgrims
[11]	March 17, 1924, Time Magazine, 'A Summing-Up'
[12]	April 21, 1924, Time Magazine, 'The Judgment'
[13]	December 2, 1926, The Scotsman, 'Duke of York - Pilgrims God Speed'
[14]	May 4, 1928, The Scotsman, Nicholas Butler becomes the new president of the U.S. club
[15]	July 6, 1931, Time Magazine, '30 Years of Picasso'
[16]	October 26, 1939, The Scotsman, Pilgrims speaker denounces the Nazis as Barbarian Pagans
[17]	November 6, 1939, Time Magazine, ‘Aims and Rights’
[18]	1940, John Whiteford, ‘Sir Uncle Sam, Knight of the British Empire’
[19]	January 20, 1941, Time Magazine, 'Churchill & the U.S.'
[20]	March 20, 1941, The Scotsman, Nazis denounce Churchill's Pilgrims speech and the Anglo-Saxons
[21]	December 3, 1942, The Scotsman, 'New World Order - Path of Equality and Human Brotherhood'
[22]	E.C. Knuth, 1946, ‘The Empire of the City’
[23]	December 13, 1947, The Scotsman, 'Marshall on his Mission'
[24]	October 23, 1950, Time Magazine, No Pushing
[25]	November 7, 1950, The Scotsman, 'No Slackening after Korea'
[26]	Oct. 27, 1952, Time Magazine, 'No Pushing'
[26]	July 2, 1956, Time Magazine, 'Give 'Em Hell, Harricum!'
[27]	Dec. 8, 1958, Time Magazine, 'The Double Dare'
[28]	April 16, 1965, Time Magazine, Ambassador Patrick farewell
[29]	1966, Carroll Quigley, 'Tragedy and Hope - A history of the world in our time'
[30]	December 1973, Kissinger addresses the Pilgrims and suggests an "International Energy group"
[31]	June 1975, American Opinion, William P. Hoar, ‘Henry Kissinger: This Man Is On The Other Side’
[32]	January 30, 1981, Reuters, 'Mrs. Thatcher Detects No Sign Of Moscow's Interest in Detente' (excerpt)
[33]	1983 (original from 1952), Eustace Mullins, ‘Secrets of the Federal Reserve’
[34]	December 10, 1985, New York Times, ' Excerpts From Shultz Remarks on Aid to Rebels' (excerpt)
[35]	Official Federal Reserve websites
[36]	April 20, 1994, The Times, 'Britain belongs to Europe'
[37]	April 20, 1994, The Times, 'US ambassador leaves with rebuke for Euro-sceptics; Raymond Seitz'
[38]	November 16, 1994, The Times, 'US tries to forge pact on eastward expansion of Nato'
[39]	April 6, 1995, The Times, 'FDR and The Times'
[40]	June 30, 1999, MOD, Speech of George Robertson
[41]	2002, Anne Baker Pimlott, ‘The Pilgrims of Great Britain – a centennial history’
[42]	2002, Antony Sutton, ‘America’s Secret Establishment’
[43]	Watch.pair.com, ‘The Pilgrim Society & The English Speaking Union’
[44]	January 31, 2002, nato.int, ‘NATO After September 11’
[45]	November 28, 2002, U.S. State Department, ‘State's Boucher on U.S. Foreign Policy, EU and NATO, Iraq, Freedom’
[46]	2002, University of Dundee, 'Laureation Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne - Professor Alan Newell'
[47]	January 21, 2004, Royal.gov.uk, 'Diary of engagements of the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh...'
[48]	February 4, 2004, Times Online, 'Today's royal engagements'
[49]	February 12, 2004, The UK Mission to the United Nations, 'Speech to Pilgrims of the United States on "A Multilateral Journey"'
[50]	September 16, 2004, Chatham House, internal program list names Robert Worcester as a Pilgrim
[51]	September 2004, English Speaking Union, 'Panel Discussion on the US Election'
[52]	Charles Savoie, Silver Investor, 2004-2005, ‘Meet the World Money Power’-series. (highly recommended. Many names come from this person's research.)
[53]	Kansas City Infozine, biography of Robert M. Worcester (again) confirms he is a chairman of the Pilgrims.
[54]	Corporate Entertainer Magazine, 'Banking on Hospitality' (article on Rupert Hambro, year unknown)

Author: Joël van der Reijden
Original: May 3, 2005
Last update: March 31, 2006
Version: 1.8

The group surrounding the Rockefeller and Rothschild families

Lots of biographical updates in the Pilgrims Society membership list. Two important names that are added, earlier mentioned by Charles Savoie, are Sir Cyril Hugh Kleinwort (has a nephew in the 1001 Club) and Sir Peter Sutherland. Sutherland is huge and already in my introduction article I described him as "almost certainly a Pilgrim." So predictable...
While doing the updates I noticed that the Chief Justices of the US Supreme Court that have certainly been recruited in the Pilgrims Society cover the period from 1921 to 1941 and from 1969 to 2005, which is enough to add this position to the gif oversight. And because Chief Justices also are automatically elected chancellors of the Smithsonian Board of Regents, that institute has been added to the gif also. A few other Pilgrims have been trustees/regents/secretaries of the Smithsonian, but many more undoubtedly still have to be found within the Pilgrims ranks.

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Pilgrims Society
Incomplete membership list
continually updated

Besides the regular members, all of the persons who occupied the following positions have been made honorary members and have attended the meetings:

	President of the US
UK ambassador to the US (complete)	UK secretary of state	Permanent representative of the UK to the UN
US ambassador to the UK	US secretary of state	UK consul general at NY

The head of the Episcopalian Church in the U.S. and the Archbishop of Canterbury (head Anglican church) were both vice-presidents of the Pilgrims Society in 1942. If this is always the case is unknown.

Over time newly found members will be added, just as additional biographical data. The most interesting aspects of a persons life are often also the most hidden.

Royal family members	Pilgrim function	Life	Biography
Windsor, Queen Elizabeth Mary II	patron	1926-alive	Queen of England since 1953, married to Prince Philip Mountbatten. The Queen has been, and might still be, a major stockholder in Rio Tinto and other large corporations. No official details are ever released. [queen] ”Nobody, Paul has been as close to a member of my family as you have. There are powers at work in this country about which we have no knowledge.” [Paul] “She wanted me to make sure my wife Maria and children remained safe. It was not a threat, it was sound advice. She had my interests at heart…No-one had never warned me like that. It made me suddenly realise the magnitude of the situation. It was obviously much, much bigger than I had ever thought.” - The Queen and Paul Burrell in a 3-hour talk in November of 1997 at Buckinham Palace. Paul was the butler of Diana right up until her death on August 31, 1997. In January of 2001, Paul was accused of stealing some items from the Diana after her death. On November 1, 2001, the trial collapsed when the Queen herself stated that Paul had informed her of taking these items with him. (The Mirror in an interview with Paul Burrell - June 11, 2002)
Mountbatten, Prince Philip		1921-alive	Born in 1921 on the Isle of Corfu, Greece. Parents were evacuated from Greece after a revolution and both became depressed (father) or mentally instable (mother). Studied in Germany under Kurt Hahn and both came to Scotland in 1933. Played polo in his youth, often against Sir Evelyn de Rothschild. Philip is the Duke of Edinburgh, a Knight of the Order of the Garter, a Knight of the Order of the Thistle, Grand Master and First or Principal Knight of the Order of the British Empire, and was a prince of Greece and Denmark until he married. Patron or President of 814 organizations. His wife, Queen Elizabeth II is patron of the Pilgrims Society. Long career in the navy from the start of WWII as a midshipsman to commanding his own frigate, the HMS Magpie. William R. Denslow's 10,000 Famous Freemasons: "Philip was initiated in Navy Lodge No. 2612 of London on Dec 5, 1952. Present at the initiation were the Earl of Scarbrough, grand master, q.v., and Geoffrey Fisher, archbishop of Canterbury." Philip is a Master Mason, never having shown great interest in the organization, while his cousin, Prince Edward (b. 1935) is the grand master of the United Grand Lodge. He and his wife set off for a tour of the Commonwealth, with visits to Africa, Australia, and New Zealand in 1952. They went on to visit the remote parts of the Commonwealth in 1956. Gordon Creighton, a Foreign Service official and Intelligence officer, concluded his story about a reported 1960s UFO landing on the estate of Prince Philip with: "So there had been a landing on the estate of Mountbatten and there was Mountbatten's great interest." The entire testimony was made during an interview with the Disclosure Project in September 2000. Prince Philip supposedly had a drawer full of sketches and information on different types of UFOs. Philip co-founded the WWF International in 1961 with Julian Huxley and Prince Bernhard. He has been the long time president of WWF UK. Co-founded the 1001 Nature Trust and 1001 Club from 1971 to 1974, together with Anton Rupert and Prince Bernhard. Co-founded Population Concern in 1977 with Earnest Kleinwort, Sir Cyril Kleinwort (Pilgrims), Prince Philip, Lord Caradon, Lord Renton and Lord McCorquodale. Co-founded the Interfaith consultations between Jews, Christians, and Muslims in 1984, together with Crown Prince Hassan of Jordan and Sir Evelyn de Rothschild at Windsor castle. In August 1988, Prince Philip said to the West German Deutsche Press Agentur: "In the event that I am reincarnated, I would like to return as a deadly virus, in order to contribute something to solve overpopulation". He wrote something along similar lines in the foreword of the 1987 book 'If I Were An Animal', written by Fleur Cowles. Philip was supposedly hostile to Diana after she divorced Charles in 1996. Mohamed Al-Fayed claimed Prince Philip had ordered Diana's murder who was killed in a car crash on August 31, 1997. Queen Elizabeth II said to Diana's butler Paul Burrell in December 1997: "Nobody, Paul has been as close to a member of my family as you have... There are powers at work in this country about which we have no knowledge." She advised him to be cautious and to lay low. Unlike his son, Charles, Philip supports genetically modified foods. On June 7, 2000, The Guardian quoted the Duke of Edinburgh as saying: "Do not let us forget we have been genetically modifying animals and plants ever since people started selective breeding." Philip is known to be the head of the family; what he says, generally goes. He is still president emeritus of the WWF International.
Laurence, Princess Anne		1950-alive	HRH The Princess Royal. Daughter of Prince Philip and Queen Elizabeth II. Younger sister of Prince Charles. Attended a dinner of the Pilgrim Society on February 4, 2004 at 3:45 PM, Four Seasons Hotel, Hamilton Place, London. She is a member of the Order of the Garter.
Windsor, Prince Charles		1948-alive	Became Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Great Steward of Scotland and Knight of the Garter when Elizabeth II ascended to the throne. Studied in part under Kurt Hahn, invested as Prince of Wales in 1969, assumed a seat in the House of Lords in 1970, married Lady Diana Frances Spencer in 1981, divorced in 1996 and Diana died in a car crash in 1997, married Camilla Parker Bowles in 2005, heir to the British Throne. Anno 2005 he is listed as a member of the Advisory Board of The Pilgrims of the United States.
Windsor, Prince Andrew Edward		1960-alive	Third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and The Duke of Edinburgh. When he married he was created The Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killyleagh. He currently serves as United Kingdom's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment.
Windsor, Prince Arthur William Patrick Albert	president	1850–1942	English prince, son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, brother of Edward VII. Trained for a military career, he served in Egypt (1882) and India (1886–1890) and as commander in chief in the Mediterranean 1907-1909. He was governor-general of Canada 1911-1916. His son, Prince Arthur of Connaught 1883-1938, was governor-general of South Africa 1920-1923.
Windor, Prince Edward		b. 1935	Duke of Kent. Brother of King George VI. Knight of the Garter. Has been vice-chairman of British Trade International and the United Kingdom's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment. President of the British Invisibles, which these days tend to use the more official name International Financial Services, London (IFSL). Grand Master of the Order of St Michael and St George since 1967. Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England, which is the governing body of Freemasonry in England, Wales, and the Channel Islands. Photographed in the early 1960s during a Pilgrims Society diner in London, standing next to Walter Elliot, Lord Halifax, Joseph Kennedy, and Lord Derby.
Other members	Pilgrim function	Life	Biography
Adams, Charles Francis IV		1910-1999	Direct descendant of President John Adams and John Quincy Adams. Spent several years with his parents in St. Petersburg, Russia. Harvard College. Partner in Paine, Webber, Jackson, & Curtis banking firm 1937-1947. Director of Raytheon 1938-1942. U.S. Naval Reserve with active duty, commanding destroyer escorts in the Atlantic & Pacific theaters 1942-1945. Commander in chief of the Atlantic Fleet 1945-1947. President of Raytheon (sales grew forty fold in his almost 40 years with the company) 1948-1960 & 1962-1964. Chairman of Raytheon 1960-1962 & 1964-1972. Retired as director of Raytheon in 1997. Director of the First National Bank of Boston, the Gillette Company, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Sheraton Corporation, Bath Iron Works, Associated Industries of Massachusetts, the Boston Chamber of Commerce, Pan American World Airways, and the Massachusetts Higher Education Assistance Corporation. Chairman of the Board of Visitors of Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. Trustee of the Children's Hospital, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the Industrial School for Crippled Children, the Massachusetts Humane Society, the Naval War College Foundation and more. A fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and Vice President of the Massachusetts Historical Society.
Acheson, Dean Gooderham		1893-1973	Yale Scroll & Key 1915. Harvard 1915-1918. Private secretary to the Supreme Court Justice 1919-1921. Became Under Secretary of the Treasury in 1933. Constructed the Marshall Plan with General Marshall and Will Clayton, according to Pilgrims Society member David K.E. Bruce. U.S. Secretary of State under Harry S. Truman 1949-1953. Accused of being soft on Communism and had a dispute with General Douglas MacArthur. Mccarthy saw him as one the most dangerous Communists and believed that the "Acheson group had almost hypnotic powers over Truman." Member Council on Foreign Relations. His son, David C. Acheson ended up in the 1943 Skull & Bones class.
Acton, Lord		alive	Born in Shropshire, England. Acton's family immigrated in 1948 to Southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, where he was educated at St. George's College, Salisbury. Later he received his bachelor's and master's degrees in modern history at Trinity College, Oxford. In 1989, he took his seat in the House of Lords as the fourth Lord Acton, dividing his time between Iowa and London since his marriage to Patricia Nassif, a clinical professor at the UI College of Law. Later, the government of the United Kingdom put forth a proposal to restructure the House of Lords. This passed in November 1999, which resulted in the abolition of Acton's hereditary peerage. However, the Prime Minister appointed him as a Life Peer, and Acton returned to the House of Lords in April. Acton is also a writer whose articles have appeared in many American periodicals, including The New York Times Book Review, The North American Review, British Heritage, the Christian Science Monitor, The Chicago Tribune and The San Francisco Chronicle. In 1995, Acton and his wife wrote a book on the legal history of Iowa entitled, "To Go Free: A Treasury of Iowa's Legal Heritage," published by Iowa State University Press to commemorate Iowa's sesquicentennial. He also received the Iowa State Historical Society's Throne/Aldrich Award in 1995 for the best article on Iowa history published by The Palimpset. His articles have appeared in The Iowan and The Des Moines Register. His latest book is "A Brit Among the Hawkeyes," published by Iowa State University Press. Has spoken at the Iowa City Foreign Relations Council (ICFRC), which is in the neighborhood he often lives. He and his wife split their time between Ceder Rapids and London. He is a member of the Royal Africa Society and the Pilgrims Society. Lord Acton is writing a book about one his forefathers, Sir John Acton, who, according to him, ruled Naples and Sicily in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Adler, Julius Ochs		1892-1955	His family started the New York Times, received the Distinguished Service Cross, the Purple Heart, the Silver Star, Star with Oak Leaf Clusters, the French Legion of Honor and the French Croix de Guerre for his achievements as commander of a battalion of infantry on the Western Front in France in WWI, as a General he commanded the 77th Infantry Division, responsible for the defense of Hawaii from 1941 to 1944. After World War II, joined The New York Times as vice-president, later to become general manager, publisher of the Chattanooga Times, invited by General Eisenhower to visit the liberated concentration camps in 1945, which inspired him to write a bunch of articles on his experiences, appointed as major general in the Army Reserve in 1948.
Aiken, Alfred Lawrence	exec. committee	1870-1946	Graduated from Yale in 1891, president Federal Reserve Bank of Boston 1914-1917, president and chairman National Shawmut Bank of Boston 1918-1924, director New York Life Insurance Co 1924-1936, president of New York Life Insurance & Co. in 1936, trustee of Clark University and Wellesley College, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Aldrich, Herbert I.		unknown	This name was mentioned by J. Thorkelson, a U.S. Congressman from Montana, in a speech to the U.S. House of Representatives on August 20, 1940.
Aldrich, Nelson Wilmarth		1841-1915	Nelson W. Aldrich. Private in the Rhode Island National Guard during the American Civil War. Elected to Rhodes Island city council 1869. Rhodes Island city council president 1872-1873. Republican Congressman 1879-1881. Senator 1881-1911. His daughter marries John Davison Rockefeller, Jr. in 1901. In 1906 Aldrich is accused of taking huge bribes from corporations in an article of Cosmopolitan. Attends the Jekyll Island meeting on November 22, 1910. Chairman Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard, Committee on Rules, Select Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia, Committee on Finance, and the National Monetary Commission. Aldrich worked together with co-Pilgrim and congressman/banker Edward Butterfield Vreeland to establish the Federal Reserve.
Aldrich, Winthrop Williams		1885-1974	Winthrop W. Aldrich was the uncle of Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. The major stockholder in Equitable Trust Company (merged with Chase National Bank in 1930). President of Chase National Bank 1930-1934 and chairman from 1934 to 1953 (Chase National Bank eventually became Chase Manhattan and J.P. Morgan Chase). Ambassador to England from 1950 to 1953 and gave a speech to the English Pilgrims on March 19, 1953. Director of Westinghouse Electric, American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T), International Paper, Discount Corporation of New York, Metropolitan Life Insurance, and the American Society for the Control of Cancer.
Aldrich, Malcolm Pratt		born 1900	Yale Skull & Bones 1922. Cousin of Winthrop Aldrich. Head of the Commonwealth Fund.
Aldrich, Hulbert Stratton		born 1907	Cousin of Winthrop Aldrich, president of Greer School with mrs. David Rockefeller (1942/1947), vice chairman of Chemical Bank 1959-1972, director of Ametek Incorporated, IBM World Trade Corporation, Empire Savings Bank, George W. Rogers Construction Corporation, Peter Paul Incorporated, president of Commonwealth Fund (succeeded Pilgrim Edward S. Harkness), Royal Globe Insurance Group and Hill Samuel Group Limited, London.
Alexander, Charles Beatty		1849-1927	Grandson of a co-founder of Princeton Theological Seminary, trustee of Princeton University, married into the Crocker fortune of 40 million (1888) dollars, director of the International Banking Corporation, Mercantile Trust Company; Equitable Trust Company, Equitable Life Assurance, Society of the U.S., Tri-State Land Company, Windsor Trust, member of the Society of the Cincinnati.
Alexander, Henry Clay		unknown	Studied at Vanderbilt University and Yale where he graduated in 1923 and 1925, Trustee of Vanderbilt University, president J.P. Morgan & Company, chairman Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York in 1960, director General Motors & Johns-Manville Corporation
Anderson, Arthur Marvin		died 1966	Director of Northern Pacific Ry, director U.S. Steel Corporation, vice-chairman J.P. Morgan & Company, has a ship named after him.
Angell, Ernest		unknown	Lived from about 1890 to the 1970s, attended Harvard in 1907, New York lawyer, married Elizabeth Chapin of the American Motors fortune, national chairman of the A.C.L.U., member of the International Commission of Jurists meetings in Athens and New Delhi.
Angelson, Mark A.		alive	Educated at Rutgers College, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and at Rutgers Law School. Angelson began his career in 1975 as a lawyer with Sullivan & Cromwell. From 1982 through 1995, he practiced with Sidley & Austin, serving as Co-Chair of International Operations and Resident Managing Partner of the law firm's offices in Singapore, New York and London. During this period, he participated in the development of substantial, notably successful law practices in each of those cities, and served on the boards of various multinational companies and not-for-profit organizations. From 1996 until 2001, Mr. Angelson served in various capacities, including as Executive Deputy Chairman, at Big Flower Holdings (NYSE: BGF), a printing and advertising services holding company, and its successor, Vertis Holdings, Inc. At Big Flower, he was involved in approximately 30 printing industry acquisitions and related financings, and the $2 billion leveraged recapitalization and sale of control of the company to Thomas H. Lee Fund IV and Evercore Capital Partners. Before assuming his current position, Mr. Angelson served as Chief Executive Officer of Moore Wallace Incorporated (TSX, NYSE: MWI), the third largest printing company in North America. He was a principal architect of the merger between RR Donnelley and Moore Wallace, and of the earlier merger between Moore Corporation Limited (TSX, NYSE: MCL) and Wallace Computer Services, Inc. (NYSE: WCS). Prior to joining Moore as CEO, Mr. Angelson served as Moore's Non-Executive Chairman and Lead Independent Director. Previously, Mr. Angelson served as Deputy Chairman of Chancery Lane Capital, the New York-based private equity investment firm that led the Chancery Lane/GSC Partners L.P. investment in Moore and recruited the Moore management team. Today he is Chief Executive Officer of Chicago-based R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company (NYSE: RRD), the largest provider of printing and print-related services in the world, with approximately 43,000 employees, annual revenues of approximately $8 billion, nearly 600 locations around the globe and more than 40,000 customer relationships. The company provides these services to the catalog, retail, magazine, book, directory, advertising, financial, healthcare, telecommunications, automotive and many other industries. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations (New York), a Fellow of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce (London), a Trustee of Northwestern University, a member of the Executive Committee of the Board of the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, and a member of the Pilgrims of Great Britain, the Yale Club of New York City, The Economic Club of Chicago, the Chicago Club and the Civic Committee of the Commercial Club of Chicago.
Annenberg, Walter H.		1908-2002	Son of Moses Annenberg, publisher of The Philadelphia Inquirer. The story of Moses & Max (older brother) Annenberg is a tale of a hardworking immigrants and financial geniuses who got their start working alongside violent Chicago gangsters while employed by newspaper titan William Randolph Hearst at the turn of the last century. After some time, the owner of the Tribune, Bertie McCormick, decided to hire Moses Annenberg away from Hearst. For a while, the Annenberg brothers were sending out thugs to battle each other. Fifteen years later, Max Annenberg was alleged to be an associate and friend of Chicago crime boss Al Capone. In 1924, Moses Annenberg got involved with a racing news service in Chicago and Milwaukee. Soon there were reports that those who didn't take the Annenberg race wire service were themselves the victims of beatings, fire bombings and, on occasion, murder. The crime syndicates had come to be dependent on Moses Annenberg. Without his service they couldn't operate their illegal gambling rackets. In 1938, the Secretary of the Interior, Harold Ickes, traveled from Washington D.C. to give a speech in Philadelphia condemning Moses Annenberg, who, at that time, was backing the Republican candidate for governor of Pennsylvania. Ickes charged it was Annenberg's violent tactics during the Chicago newspaper wars that inspired gangsters like Al Capone. Ickes said that "the hiring of Moses Annenberg by Hearst was the beginning of the subsequent flood of lawlessness that almost engulfed law enforcement in the United States." Moses, Walter, and 2 other business associates were indicted in 1939 for evading more than $2 million in taxes and another $3 million in penalties and interest. Moses was later separately indicted for conspiring to bribe a Philadelphia detective. In April 1940, Moses Annenberg agreed to plead guilty to one count -- "willfully" evading $1,217,296 -- and to pay almost $9 million in fines and penalties. In exchange for his plea the government agreed to drop all charges against his son, Walter Annenberg. In the 1940s, Walter Annenberg established Triangle Broadcasting, which at its peak controlled 6 AM radio stations, 6 FM radio stations, and 6 TV stations. He is also the founder and owner of Triangle Publications, which owned the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Daily News, TV Guide and Seventeen Magazine. Received the Alfred I. DuPont Award (Pilgrim) in 1951. Received the Marshall Field Award (Pilgrim) in 1958. Founded The Annenberg School for Communication at The University of Pennsylvania in 1958. Ambassador to England 1969-1974. During his assignment to Britain, Annenberg appointed Gorden Gray as chairman of his Triangle Broadcasting Company 1969–1975. Gray was very big in government and intelligence since 1947, the original director of the Psychological Strategy Board, and a heir to the R.J. Reynolds fortune. Annenberg founded The Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California in 1971. In 1988, News Corp. acquired Triangle Publications, including TV Guide. Founder-trustee and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage, California. Annenberg also served as Trustee of the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships and the Winston Churchill Traveling Fellowships. He was Emeritus Trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, The University of Pennsylvania and The Peddie School. Annenberg received honorary degrees from many international universities. Annenberg was named Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II. He was also named Officer of the French Legion of Honor, and presented with the Order of Merit of the Republic of Italy. (received dozens of other awards and honors) He was a member of the Associated Press, the American Society of Newspaper Editors, International Press Institute, National Press Club, Overseas Press Club, American Newspaper Publishers Association, Sigma Delta Chi, the International Arts-Medicine Association, and the Inter-American Press Association. Has been awarded by the ADL. A former Commander of the United States Naval Reserve, Annenberg also was a member of the Navy League of the U.S. He also has his own foundation, the Annenberg Foundation. Walter Annenberg was a generous philanthropist who gave millions to universities, art museums, charities and PBS. He was a friend to kings and presidents. Member of the Pilgrims Society and the 1001 Club.
Armour, Norman		1887-1982	Embassy secretary at Petrograd (then the capital of Russia) 1916-1918, ambassador to Haiti 1932-1935, Canada 1935-1938, Chile 1938-1939, Argentina 1939-1944, Spain 1945, Venezuela 1950-1951 and Guatemala 1954-1955. Married European nobility in the form of Princess Myra Kondacheff, member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Armstrong, Anne Legendre		1927-alive	Born in New Orleans. Daughter of an aristocratic New Orleans coffee merchant. Graduated from Vassar College. She married Tobin Armstrong, a Texas cattle rancher, in 1950, whom she met in 1942 on the 825,000 acre King Ranch. The King Ranch has been home to many international power elites including Prince Charles and Prince Johannes von Thurn und Taxis. Tobin was close friends with the Bushes. She served as vice chairman of the Texas Republican Party from 1966 to 1968. In 1971 and 1972, she was cochairman of the Republican National Committee. As counselor to the President, Armstrong was a member of the president's Domestic Council, the Council on Wage and Price Stability, and the Commission on the Organization of Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy. First American woman ambassador to Great Britain from 1976 to 1977. In 1977, Prince Charles visited the Armstrong Ranch to play polo with Anne's husband. Director of American Express (with Henry Kissinger and Vernon Jordan), Boise Cascade, General Motors, and Halliburton (with Cheney). She chaired the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board from 1982 to 1990 and was a trustee of Southern Methodist University and the Smithsonian Institution. She also chaired the Georgetown University's Center for Strategic and International Studies advisory board.
Astor, William Waldorf		1848-1919	Educated in Germany and in Italy and at the Columbia law school, member of the NY state assembly 1878-1879, senator 1880-1881, minister to Italy 1881–1885, heir to about 100 million dollars, reversed the family immigration by returning to England in 1890 and bought some large real estate, purchased the Pall Mall Gazette 1893, purchased the London Sunday Observer 1911, was made a baron in 1916 and a viscount (of Hever) in 1917, his elder son became leader of Tory democracy, his younger son bought a large share in The Times of London. His son, Waldorf Astor (unconfirmed Pilgrims member), was a chairman of the Royal Institute for International Affairs from 1935 to 1949 and had helped to establish it.
Astor, William Vincent		1891-1959	Heir of the John Jacob Astor fortune, Franklin D. Roosevelt supporter in 1932, New Deal supporter after WWII, director of Chase National Bank, Western Union Telegraph Company, Great Northern Railway Company, the United States Lines, New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital and other institutions and corporations, trustee of the New York Public Library and the New York Zoological Society, governor of New York Hospital, staff officer in the Navy during both World Wars, seemed to have a bit of competition from the English branch of the family. (He and his former wives had themselves or married to Huntingtons and Whitneys)
Astor, (Roberta) Brooke Russell		1902-alive	Daughter of USMC General John Henry Russell, wife of Vincent Astor, president Vincent Astor Foundation from 1959 and on, which gave away about 195 million in all, author of 2 fiction books.
Astor, Francis David Langhorne		1912-2001	Educated at Eton College he went on to Oxford University where he suffered a nervous breakdown and left university in 1933 without obtaining a degree, psycho-analyzed by Anna Freud, at Oxford in 1931 he met Adam von Trott zu Solz, later executed for the role he played in a failed assassination of Hitler, who had a lot of influence on him, during World War II David Astor was wounded in France, In 1936, he joined the Yorkshire Post newspaper where he worked for a year then joined his father's newspaper, The Observer where he would serve as editor for 27 years, He warned of the dangers of big government and of big business, influenced by his friend and employee of The Observer, George Orwell, he supposedly was anti-big government, very critical of corrupt politicians, pro-blacks, pro-life, etc, in 1977 The Observer was sold to Robert O. Anderson, the American owner of the Atlantic Richfield oil company. (had lots of aggressive competition)
Astor, Gavin		1918-1984	2nd Baron Astor of Hever, controlling shareholder Times Publishing Co. Ltd. This company controlled the The Times Book Co. Ltd., Issuing House Year Book Ltd., St. Paul's Engineering Ltd., The Review (Insurance) Ltd., The Times Pension Trusts Ltd., The Times London Incorporated. and The Gardeners' Chronicle Ltd. Director Times Publishing Co. Ltd. 1952-1959, chairman Times Publishing Co. Ltd. 1959-1966.
Astor, John Jacob, 8th		1946-alive	Better known under 3rd Baron Astor of Hever, educated at Eton College, Birkshire (England), Lieutenant in 1966 in the service of the The Life Guards, managing director of Honon et Cie in 1982, managing director of Astor France in 1989, Deputy Lieutenant of Kent in 1996, Chief Whip of the House of Lords 1998. Freemason.
Attlee, Clement Richard		1883-1967	Educated at Oxford, he was called to the bar in 1905. His early experience as a social worker in London's East End led to his decision to give up law and devote his life to social improvement through politics. In 1907 he joined the Fabian Society and soon afterward the Labour party. He was a lecturer in social science at the London School of Economics, and, after service in World War I, he became (1919) the first Labour mayor of Stepney. Attlee entered Parliament in 1922. In 1927 he visited India as a member of the Simon commission and was converted to views that strongly favored Indian self-government. He joined the Labour government in 1930 but resigned in 1931 when Ramsay MacDonald formed the National government. As leader of the Labour party from 1935, Attlee was an outspoken critic of Conservative foreign policy, objecting particularly to the government's failure to intervene in the Spanish civil war. During World War II he served (1940–45) in Winston Churchill's coalition cabinet, and on Labour's electoral victory in 1945 he became prime minister. Under Attlee's leadership, the Bank of England, the gas, electricity, coal, and iron and steel industries, and the railways were nationalized. His government also enacted considerable social reforms, including the National Health Service. Independence was granted to Burma (Myanmar), India, Pakistan, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and Palestine, and Britain allied itself closely with the United States in the cold war confrontation with the Soviet Union. The postwar economic crisis required stringent economic and financial controls, which reduced support for the government. Labour won the 1950 general election by a narrow margin, but in 1951, Attlee decided to go to the country again and was defeated. He was leader of the opposition until his retirement in 1955, when he received the title of Earl Attlee.
Bache, Jules Semon		1861-1944	American banker and art collector who made an enormous fortune on Wallstreet, organized the banking firm of J. S. Bache and Company, president and treasurer of Dome Mines Limited, director of Chrysler, Lake Superior Railroad, Louisiana Oil Refining, Tennessee Copper & Chemical, Southern Agricultural Company, U.S. Industrial Alcohol Company, New River Collieries, Cuba Distilling, American Indemnity, Anniston City Land, New Amsterdam Casualty, Ann Arbor Railroad, Empire Trust Company and others, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Bail, Ancell H.		unknown	This name was mentioned by J. Thorkelson, U.S. Congressman from Montana, in a speech to the U.S. House of Representatives on August 20, 1940. More info is not available.
Baker, George Fisher		1840-1931	Harvard. Fortune of the Baker family estimated at 500 million in 1924 and later grew to about a billion dollars. Chairman of Manhattan's First National Bank, First Security Co., and had directorships in at least 50 other companies. Close associate of J.P. Morgan who wanted him on every board of the companies he financed. Trustee of the Frick Collection (Frick was an associate of Andrew Mellon and was waging a war on his slave-workers). Donated $2,000,000 to Henry Pomeroy Davison (Pilgrim) when he needed money for Red Cross work during WWI. One of the largest philanthropist ever and never appeared in public.
Baker, George Fisher III		alive	Great-grandson of the wealthy banker George Fisher Baker, Harvard, general partner of Baker, Nye Investments L.P. in New York City, member Woods Hole Oceanographic, member, director of The American Institute for Cognitive Therapy, director Quebec-Labrador Foundation/Atlantic Center for the Environment (QLF), philanthropist.
Baker, James Addison III		1930-alive	Graduated from Princeton University in 1952. Ivy Club. Attended Cap & Gown events, according to Kay Griggs, just as Allen Dulles, William Colby, Frank Carlucci, James Baker, George Griggs, and George P. Shultz (August 3, 2005, Rense). Houston lawyer. Friend of the Bushes. Undersecretary of commerce 1975–1976. Deputy manager of the 1976 and 1980 Ford and Bush presidential campaigns. Joined the Reagan administration in 1981. White House chief of staff 1981–1985. Treasury secretary 1985–1988. Attended the Fourth World Wilderness Conference in 1987, together with David Rockefeller, Edmund de Rothschild, and Maurice Strong. Planned the 1988 campaign that won George H.W. Bush the presidency. Secretary of State 1989–1992. Member National Security Planning Group. Played a prominent role in the Gulf crisis and the subsequent search for a Middle East peace settlement. Again White House Chief of Staff 1992-1993. United Nations special envoy to try and broker a peace settlement for the disputed territory of Western Sahara 1997. As an adviser to George W. Bush in the November 2000 presidential elections, he was influential in helping Bush secure the presidency by manoeuvring the disputed vote count in Florida to the Republican-leaning Supreme Court. Baker was the manager of the foreign debts of occupied Iraq since 2003. Senior counselor for the Carlyle Group and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Also a member of the Atlantic Council of the United States, the Bohemian Grove, and the Pilgrims Society. Honorary trustee of the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies.
Ball, George Wildman		1909-1994	Born on December 19, 1909 in Des Moines, Iowa. Grew up in Des Moines and Evanston, Illinois, where the family moved in 1922 after his father received a promotion to the Standard Oil Company headquarters located in Chicago. Graduated at the top of his class from Northwestern Law School in 1933. The law school dean nominated him for a position in the General Counsel's Office, under the direction of Herman Oliphant, in the newly established Farm Credit Administration. Ball moved to the Treasury Department in November 1933 upon the appointment of Henry Morgenthau (Pilgrims) as Secretary of the Treasury. When Franklin D. Roosevelt named Morgenthau to this post, Morgenthau brought along Oliphant as his legal advisor, and he, in turn, brought along Ball. Worked here from 1933-1935. Despite working on major New Deal policies, Ball felt his law training was lacking and returned to the Midwest in 1935 to "master the profession of law." He joined a Chicago law firm where he served as a tax attorney before moving to the prestigious firm of Sidley, McPherson, Austin & Harper in 1939. Ball's work involved the reorganization of railroads but more defining was the close relationship he developed with junior partner Adlai Stevenson while at the firm. It was also during this time that Ball started to become interested in foreign affairs. He began to attend Friday luncheons hosted by the Chicago Council on Foreign Affairs, which Stevenson chaired. Associate position in the General Counsel's Office of the Lend-Lease Administration under the guidance of Oscar Cox 1942-1944. Director of the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey in London 1944-1945. Ball was specifically responsible for assessing the effectiveness of the Allied bombing of German cities and transportation systems. In May 1945, Ball and John Kenneth Galbraith debriefed Albert Speer, the Nazi minister for armaments and war production, in an effort to confirm their speculations on the ineffectiveness of Allied bombings. Ball was awarded a Medal of Freedom for this work. General Counsel for the French Supply Council in Washington 1945-1946. Ball was finally able to join his firm, Cleary, Gottlieb, Friendly & Cox in July 1946. Monnet retained the firm to represent the French Government, and Ball soon found himself conferring with Monnet's deputy Robert Marjolin on the creation of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC, the later OECD). He continued to work with Monnet on establishing a European economic plan throughout 1949, and this preliminary work laid the foundation for the formation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). After the ratification of the Treaty of Paris in August 1952, Ball was retained as the ECSC's adviser and later served as an adviser to the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and the European Economic Community (EEC). Talked Adlai Stevenson into running for president twice and acted as his campaign advisor (James P. Warburg was one of his aides). Attended the first Bilderberg meeting in 1954 and became part of its steering committee. Still attended Bilderberg in 1993, the year before his death. Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs under JFK 1961-1962. Under Secretary of State 1962-1966. In his new position, Ball worked on issues regarding trade and tariffs, economic affairs, the Congo, and European integration. He worked closely with Secretary of State Dean Rusk (Rhodes Scholar; Pilgrims; chair Rockefeller Foundation; SMOM) and dealt directly with the President on these matters. Very much opposed to the Vietnam war and decided to resign because of it in 1966. Partner in Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb 1966-1968. Served as chair of the committee investigating the U.S.S. Pueblo incident in 1968. Permanent U.S. representative to the United Nations 1968. Fearing a Nixon victory in the presidential election, Ball resigned in September to campaign for his friend Hubert Humphrey. Senior managing director and partner in Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb 1969-1982. Chairman of the in 1975 launched Washington Institute for the Study of Conflict (WISC), of which its English branch stood in close contact with Le Cercle. Unofficial advisor to Jimmy Carter 1977-1981. Co-founder of the The American Austrian Foundation in 1984, together with Pilgrims Society members Cyrus Vance, John E. Leslie, and David Rockefeller. Member of the Council on Foreign Relations, Trilateral Commission, and Pilgrims Society. Wrote a couple of books and articles on foreign affairs. His son, Alan Ball, is said to have been an MI5 operative and was a chairman of Tiny Rowland's Lonrho. Rowland worked with loads of Middle-Eastern terrorists, was a member of Le Cercle, and had MI6 agents like Nicholas Elliott on his board. In the 1990 book 'One Nation under Israel', Ball is quoted as having said: "When leading members of the American Jewish community give [Israel’s] government uncritical and unqualified approbation and encouragement for whatever it chooses to do, while striving so far as possible to overwhelm any criticism of its actions in Congress and in the public media, they are, in my view, doing neither themselves nor the U.S. a favor…They’ve got one thing going for them. Most people are terribly concerned not to be accused of being anti-Semitic, and the lobby so often equates criticism of Israel with anti-Semitism. They keep pounding away at that theme, and people are deterred from speaking out."
Barber, Charles Finch		unknown	CEO of American Smelting & refining, director Americas Society, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Barco, James William		born 1916	American ambassador to the United Nations 1960-1961, vice-chairman Atlantic Council of the United States, trustee American University in Cairo, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Barlow, Sir Clement Anderson Montague		1868-1951	Parliamentary Secretary of Labor. Involved with British empire building.
Barratt, J. Arthur		unknown	Organized the St. Louis World Fair and became Director General of the Pan American Union in Washington, the building for which was provided by Pilgrim Society member Andrew Carnegie.
Bartlett, Edmund		unknown	Chairman Schroder’s Limited NY.
Bayne, Stephen F., Jr		unknown	Married Lucie Culver Gould in 1934, appeared on 1969 Pilgrims list. Possibly a bishop.
Beck, James M.		1861-1936	Graduated Moravian College in Bethlehem. After an apprenticeship in law he was admitted to the bar in 1884 and entered the law office of William F. Harrity, with whom he formed a law partnership in 1891. Admitted to the bar of New York City in 1903, and in 1922 to the bar of England, he rose to be one of America's leading corporate lawyers. Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania 1888-1892, United States Attorney 1896-1900, joined the New York law firm of Shearman and Sterling, continued his law practices in New York, Philadelphia and Washington until 1921, appointed Solicitor General of the U.S. 1921-1925. As a Congressman he was the leading spokesman in the campaign against Prohibition and he tried to fight the principles and legislation of the New Deal. Reelected three consecutive times, he resigned in 1934. Beck was one of the first Americans to make a case for the Entente, the alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia prior to World War I. His most famous book, "The Constitution of the United States" (1924), sold over fifty thousand copies.
Bell, Elliott V.		unknown	Reporter for The New York Times when the great depression hit in 1929, trustee Brookings Institution, director of Chase Manhattan Bank, treasurer Council on Foreign Relations 1952-1964, director Council on Foreign Relations 1953-1966, vice president and trustee John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation 1965-1972, chairman McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, editor and publisher Business Week.
Belmont, August, Jr.		1851-1924	He was a son of August Belmont, the Rothschild agent that funded the North during the American civil war. The younger August Belmont was an 1875 graduate of Harvard University, served as director of the National Park Bank, and was an avid thoroughbred racing fan (owned Man O'War, one of the most famous race horses). Following the United States' entry into World War I, Belmont, at age 65, volunteered to assist and was sent to France by the U.S. Army. His widow Eleanor Robson Belmont died at 100 in 1979.
Benkard, Franklin Bartlett		1902-1977	He was graduated in 1925 at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, with his A.B. degree. He was graduated in 1928 at Colombia Law School with his L.L.B. degree. Joined Kelly Drye Newhall & Maginnis, New York in 1925. He was made a partner with Kelly Drye & Warren in 1941. He was director and treasurer of the Julliard School of Music from 1941 to 1977. He was appointed Associate Government Appeal Agent in 1944 Government Appeal Agent in 1945. He was in the Coast Guard Reserve patrolling the docks in New Jersey at night. After 1950, he became active in Head of the Harbor and did much to presence the zoning regulations. He was director of the Midnight Mission Society (an organization who helped 'unfortunate girls' i.e. unwed mothers). He was a member of: The Century Association Knickerbocker Club Bar, the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, the American Bar Association, and the New York State Bar Association. Also a member of Holland Lodge No. 8 F. and A.M., the New York State Society of the Cincinnati, the Pilgrims of the United States, St Nicholas Society of the City of New York, and the Society of the Mayflower Descendants.
Bennet, Courtenay Walter		unknown	British Consul at New York in 1908.
Benton, William		1900-1973	Graduated from Yale University in 1921, part-time vice president of the University of Chicago 1937-1945, chairman Encyclopedia Britannica 1943-1973, assistant Secretary of State 1945-1947 (active in organizing the United Nations), Democrat senator 1949-1953, United States ambassador to (United Nations) UNESCO in Paris 1963-1968, trustee of University of Chicago, trustee of several schools and colleges.
Beresford, Charles William de la Poer	co-founder	1846-1919	Baron. Became a Navy commander in 1875. Sat in Parliament as a Conservative 1875-1880. Bombarded Alexandria, Egypt in 1882. Aide-de-camp to the Prince of Wales 1875-1876. Accompanying him on a visit to India, became a close personal friend of King Edward VII. Again in Parliament 1885-1888 and resigned under protest, authored “The Break-up of China” (1899), his brother was Military Attaché at the British Embassy in Saint Petersburg, Russia, 1898-1903. In 1897 Beresford was promoted to rear-admiral and again entered Parliament, this time representing York. He retained this seat until 1900, although he spent much of his time in China representing the Associated Chambers of Commerce, and from 1900 onwards was second in command of the Mediterranean fleet. He returned to Parliament in 1902, this time for Woolwich, but resigned in 1906 when he was promoted to admiral and appointed chief of the Channel Fleet. He was in command of the Mediterranean Fleet from 1905 until 1907. The first Pilgrim dinner in New York was held in his honor.
Bernstein, Leonard		1918-1990	A well-known musical conductor, spoke these words about the 1963 Kennedy assassination on November 24, 1980, as written down by the Associated Press: "We don’t dare confront the implications. I think we’re all agreed there was a conspiracy and we don’t want to know. It involves such a powerful high force in what we call the high places, if we do know, everything might fall apart."
Bertron, Samuel Reading		unknown	Yale Skull & Bones 1885. Member Council on Foreign Relations. Vice president United States Guaranty Trust. In June 1917, during WWI, Pilgrims Society member Elihu Root was sent to Russia by President Wilson to arrange American co-operation with the new revolutionary government. Samuel R. Bertron went with him. Chairman of the American-Russian Chamber of Commerce.
Berwind, Edward J.		1848-1936	Chairman Berwind-White Coal Mining Company. During his years at the helm of Berwind-White Coal Mining, Berwind was closely associated with J.P. Morgan in the consolidation, reorganization, integration, and expansion of his coal operations. Berwind was reputed to be the world's largest individual owner of coal mining properties. Berwind also was considered a hard-driving businessman. He refused to bargain with employees, and his mines were the last bastions of the open shop in the coal fields.
Biddle, David H.		unknown	unknown
Biddle, Francis Beverly		1886-1968	Secretary to Associate Justice O. W. Holmes 1912, became a successful corporation lawyer, chairman National Labor Relations Board 1934-1935, director Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia 1938-1939, appellate judge National Labor Relations Board 1939-1940, Attorney General of U.S. 1941-1945, U.S. judge for the trial of war criminals at Nuremberg 1945-1946.
Biddle, Anthony J. Drexel, Jr.		1897-1961	Attended the Saint Paul's School in New Hampshire and later Temple University. Rose in rank from private to captain during WWI. Minister to Norway 1934-1937. Ambassador to Poland in 1937. Deputy ambassador to France after the Germans started invading Poland. US Ambassador to Belgium, Czechoslovakia, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Greece, Luxembourg, and Yugoslavia, who were in exile in London (considered to be one of the most important jobs during WWII) 1941-1944. In this position he became a good friend of Prince Bernhard. Executive Intelligence Review wrote: "The U.S. diplomat, Ambassador Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr., wrote to President Roosevelt from London on Jan. 7, 1942, describing a clique which controlled the fascist Vichy government of France, the government which (more or less) ruled that country everywhere south of the German zone of direct occupation. "This group," he said, "should be regarded not as Frenchmen, any more than their corresponding numbers in Germany should be regarded as Germans, for the interests of both groups are so intermingled as to be indistinguishable; their whole interest is focussed upon furtherance of their industrial and financial stakes. Ambassador Biddle went on to detail the proof that the "Banque Worms clique" controlled most parts of the Vichy government, with a special emphasis on total control over all economic and related portfolios. On paper, Banque Worms had been established earlier by the Lazard Frères bank of Paris, on behalf of the Worms family of industrialists. In reality, the closely integrated Lazard Brothers bank of London, Lazard Frères of Paris, and Lazard Freres of Wall Street, had established Banque Worms as a "cutout," a vehicle through which top financier families could deploy the forces of the Synarchy." Resumed active duty in the Army as a Lt. Colonel, rising to the rank of Brigadier General in 1951. During those years he worked closely with General Eisenhower as deputy chief of SHAEF and as a representative to EUCOM and SHAPE. The 1950s found Biddle serving as Adjutant General of the State of Pennsylvania. Member numerous Pennsylvania state boards and commissions, and as a trustee at Temple University. In 1961 President John F. Kennedy chose Biddle for his last diplomatic position, that of Ambassador to Spain, where he served until his death.
Bigelow, Robert W.		unknown	unknown
Bingham, Robert Worth		1871-1937	A member of a North Carolina family of aristocratic pretensions. Robert Worth Bingham rose to great heights as a newspaper publisher, political leader, philanthropist, and ambassador to Great Britain (1933-1937), but his life is surrounded by controversy to this day. Charges that he contributed to the death of his second wife (the richest widow alive at the time - of magnate Henry Flagler), an heiress whose bequest of five million dollars helped purchase the Louisville Courier-Journal and Times, followed him to the grave. For three quarters of a century the history of the Bingham family of Louisville, Kentucky, has been one of tragedy and controversy as well as wealth, power, and prestige. The breakup of the Bingham dynasty in 1986, vividly chronicled on CBS television's "Sixty Minutes" generated a flurry of books and articles on Bingham and his family, much of it portraying Bingham as a villain. In some accounts, Bingham drove his first wife to suicide and gave syphilis to the second before murdering her to gain control of her inheritance. Member American Bar Association; Society of Colonial Wars; Society of the Cincinnati; Sons of the American Revolution; Alpha Tau Omega; Phi Beta Kappa.
Bingham, Thomas Henry		1934-alive	After the 1992 collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI), Lord Bingham of Cornhill was appointed to head an official inquiry into why the Bank of England failed to find out about the massive drug laundering going on at this bank. Bingham and a U.S. Senate inquiry castigated the Bank of England for its failures of supervision, but didn't conclude anything was done on purpose. Bingham was a member of the Privy Council since 1986, chairman Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts since 1994, trustee Pilgrim Trust (founded by Pilgrim Edward S. Harkness in 1930), president Seckford Foundation, member Advisory Council on Public Records, the Magna Carta Trust and the British Records Association, Lord Chief Justice of Great Britain 1996-2000. In 2002 wanted to legalize Cannabis. Became a member of the Order of the Garter in 2005.
Bissell, Pelham Saint George		1887-1943	President of the Sons of the Revolution, council of the Society of Colonial Wars, past commander, American Legion, Judge Advocate, Veterans of Foreign Wars and member of the League of Nations, served on the legislative committee of the Citizens' Union, vice-chairman of the Mayor's Fraternal Committee in 1922, president Justice of the New York Municipal Court 1934-1943.
Black, Eugene Robert		1898-1991	Yale Phi Beta Kappa, officer in the U.S. Navy in the Atlantic during WWI, vice-president Chase National Bank, president Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta 1928-1934, chairman Federal Reserve System 1933-1934, president World Bank 1949-1962, member Council on Foreign Relations, visitor of Bilderberg, trustee Ford Foundation in 1967, chairman Brookings Institution 1962-1968.
Bobst, Elmer Holmes		1885-1978	Re-organizer and head of the The American Cancer Society beginning in 1944. Chairman of Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical, CEO of the New Jersey pharmaceutical giant Warner Chilcott, and considered an architect of the modern pharmaceutical industry. He has also been the president of La Roche, a pharmaceutical company he admitted was involved in illegally selling morphine to the underworld. In the seventies, Pope John Paul II Center for Prayer and Study for Peace was located on his estate. Directors of this center were Kurt Waldheim (Secretary General of the United Nations, ex-nazi war criminal, friend of Arnold Schwarzenegger), Cyrus Vance (Secretary of State, Pilgrim) and J. Peter Grace (Pilgrim, head of the Knights of Malta in the United States). Bobst himself was a member of the Knights of Malta. Bobst once wrote to his close friend Richard Nixon (who started the 'War on Cancer' in 1971), "If this beloved country of ours ever falls apart, the blame rightly should be attributed to the malicious action of Jews." Bobst's granddaughters and great-granddaughters have accused him of sexually abusing them. All this didn't prevent that a huge library would be named after him.
Boron, Robert Lew		unknown	unknown
Boucher, Richard A.		1951-alive	He entered the Foreign Service in 1977. After studying Chinese, he served from 1979 to 1980 at the U.S. Consulate General in Guangzhou. In Washington he then worked in the State Department's Economic Bureau and on the China Desk, and returned to China with his wife from 1984 to 1986 as Deputy Principal Officer at the U.S. Consulate General in Shanghai. Upon his return to Washington in July 1986, he served as a Senior Watch Officer in the State Department's Operations Center. From August 1987 to March 1989, he worked as Deputy Director of the Office of European Security and Political Affairs. He started as Deputy Press Spokesman for the State Department under Secretary Baker in March 1989 and became Spokesman under Secretary Eagleburger in August 1992. Secretary Christopher asked him to continue as Spokesman until June 1993. United States Ambassador to Cyprus from 1993 to 1996. United States Consul General in Hong Kong 1996-1999. Spoke to the Asia Society on March 24, 1998. US Senior Official for APEC, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, since July 1999. Spoke to the London Pilgrims on November 28, 2002. Has repeatedly condemned Israel's practice of killing terrorists and instead called for negotiations to settle the Palestinian-Israeli dispute. Supported the 2003 war against Iraq because it wasn't cooperating with the sactions. Member of the Bohemian Grove.
Brandi, Frederic H.		unknown	Father was a top coal executive in the German Steel Trust. Moved from Germany to the United States in 1926. CEO of Dillon, Read & Co. in the 1950s and 1960s, up until 1971. He was replaced by Nicholas Brady of the Bohemian Grove Mandalay camp at that time. Brandi was also a member of the Bohemian Grove camp Mandalay.
Brewster, Kingman, Jr.		1919-1988	Graduated from Yale in 1941, where he was chairman of the Yale Daily News. His junior year, he turned down an offer of membership in Skull and Bones. Brewster's first job in 1941 was as a special assistant in the governmental office of Nelson Rockefeller. In 1948, he received his law degree from Harvard Law School. After teaching at Harvard Law School from 1950 to 1960, he accepted the post of Provost at Yale, serving from 1960 to 1963. President of Yale from 1963 to 1977. His presidency was marked by the Black Panther trial and the admission of women as undergraduates. After leaving Yale, he served as U.S. Ambassador to the Court of St. James ( the United Kingdom) from 1977 to 1981 and later was Master of University College, Oxford, serving from 1986 until his death there in 1988. He was a member of the Century Association and the Council on Foreign Relations.
Brownlie, Ian G.M.		1931-2002	He graduated from St. Paul’s School in Garden City, N.Y., and the Lawrenceville School in New Jersey. In 1962, he earned an M.B.A. from NYU’s Business School. Brownlie served in the Marine Corps from 1954–56 and retired from the Marine Corps Reserve as a captain. Professionally, he worked in real estate, specializing in commercial leasing, beginning his career with Brown, Harris & Stevens and was later affiliated with the Joseph F. Bernstein Co. He became a principal with Wm. A. White & Sons, which became Wm. A. White/Tishman East and was subsequently sold to Grubb & Ellis. Brownlie was a member of the Gardiner’s Bay Country Club, Shelter Island Yacht Club, the Union League Club of New York, St. Anthony Hall of New York, Inc., and the Pilgrims of the United States. He was active in politics in the Village of Dering Harbor, Inc., serving in various capacities — trustee, deputy mayor, and mayor (1970–98).
Bryce, Viscount James	president	1838-1922	In 1886 he was made under secretary for foreign affairs; in 1892 he joined the cabinet as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster; in 1894 he was President of the Board of Trade, and acted as chairman of the royal commission on secondary education; and in Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman's cabinet in 1905 he was made chief secretary for Ireland; but in February 1907 he was appointed British ambassador at Washington, D.C. (until 1913) and took leave of party politics, his last political act being a speech outlining what was then the government scheme for university reform in Dublin, a scheme which was promptly discarded by his successor Augustine Birrell. Wrote a few books including "The American Commonwealth" (1888). In 1897, after a visit to South Africa, he published a volume of Impressions of that country, which had considerable weight in Liberal circles when the Boer War was being discussed. Meanwhile his academic honours from home and foreign universities multiplied, and he became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1894. In earlier life he was a notable mountain-climber, ascending Mount Ararat in 1876, and publishing a volume on Transcaucasia and Ararat in 1877; in 1899-1901 he was president of the Alpine Club. He was ennobled in 1914, becoming 1st Viscount Bryce. Following the outbreak of the First World War, Lord Bryce was appointed by Herbert Asquith to report on alleged German atrocities in Belgium. The report was published in 1915, and was damning of German behavior; Lord Bryce's reputation in America was important in influencing American opinion toward Germany before their entry into the war. Bryce was acquainted with the Vanderbilts, and had detailed documents about the 1915 Armenian extermination by the Turks. (Some have argued in the past century that these local tension were exploited by Grand Orient Masons, as to give the French Rothschilds unhampered access to the Baku oil fields.)
Bristol, Lee Hasting		unknown	Clergyman, vice-president (in 1932) and president of Bristol-Myers Inc., president of the Association of National Advertisers.
Brittain III, Alfred		unknown	Director Bankers Trust Company Director since 1966, chairman of the board of Bankers Trust New York Corporation and Bankers Trust Company 1975-1987, member of the Audit, Compensation and Corporate Employee Investment Committees, trustee of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Brittain, Sir Harry	co-founder & chairman	1873-1974	Educated at Repton and Worcester College, Oxford, where he obtained a BA and an MA in law. Called to the Bar in 1897 but only practiced for a week before retiring from law in favour of business and journalism. Worked on the staff of both the Standard and the Evening Standard. Co-founded the Pilgrims Society in London and New York in 1902 and 1903, and became the first chairman of the UK Pilgrims. Secretary to Sir C. Arthur Pearson, owner of the Evening Standard. Worked with Pearson in the formation of the Tariff Reform League in 1903. The aims of the Commission were to examine and report on Chamberlains's fiscal proposals and their probable effects on British trade and industries. Director of numerous daily and weekly newspapers and other business concerns. Founded the Empire Press Union in 1909, which became the Commonwealth Press Union in 1950. Members of the CPU are newspapers of which there are currently over 700 from 50 Commonwealth countries in membership. These are represented by their proprietors, senior executives and editors. The Union's aim is to uphold the ideas and values of the Commonwealth and to promote, through the Press, understanding and goodwill among its members. British representative on the American Citizens Emergency Committee in 1914, serving on a special mission throughout the USA in 1915. Staff member of General Lloyd as captain of the London Volunteer Regiment, 1916, as Director of Intelligence National Service Department, and as the founder and chairman of the American officers club in London, 1917-1919. Member of the Executive Committee of the Economic League, a very secretive organization which was was set up in 1919 to fight Bolshevism and kept files on thousands of 'subversives' until it was wound up in 1994. In today's money, they millions of pounds every year working against the British left. After the war he was the originator and honourary life member of the Association of American Correspondents in London, 1919 and the president of the Anglo-American delegation to Holland for the celebration of the Pilgrim Fathers tercentenary, 1920. President of the British International Association of Journalists 1920-1922. Patron of the Society of Women Writers and Journalists from 1925, and was the originator and organiser of the first Imperial Press Conference, 1932. He was a member of the Anglo-American Brains Trust, 1942-1944 and was awarded the Silver Medal of Merit and Diploma by the Poor Richard Club of Philadelphia for his lifelong services to Anglo-American fellowship and understanding in 1958. Conservative MP for Acton 1918-1929. Member of the executive of the Empire Parliamentary Association from 1919 to 1929. Steered the Brittain Act for the protection of British birds through Parliament in 1925. Member of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association from 1929. Honorary president of Friends of Italy 1936-1939. Member of the central council of the Anglo-German Friendship Society (mirrored by the Deutsch-Englische Gesellschaft), together with Lord Walter Runciman and Lord McGowan. The driving force behind this foundation, founded in 1935, was Ernest Tennant, a merchant banker and friend of the Nazis international PR man von Ribbentrop since 1932. The group soon gathered 50 members of the House of Commons and House of Lords, 3 Directors of the Bank of England and "many generals, admirals, bishops and bankers". Pilgrims Lord Lothian and Lord Londonderry were among its council member. After the 1938 'Kristallnacht' 19 member resigned, including its president, Lord Mount Temple (Louis Mountbatten's father-in-law). On the other hand, 888 members did not withdraw. In 1939 a book called 'Tory MP': "At meetings of the Anglo German Fellowship leading Nazis advertise the merits of Germany's internal and foreign policy; the society recommends and advertises the writings of Nazi politicians; it shows Fascist films; it arranges a "German educationalist" to address teachers in this country; it arranges invitations for its members to attend the Nazi congress at Nuremberg." In 1936 Harry Brittain, Admiral Domville, Mount Temple and Sir Frank and Lady Newnes were "Ehrengaste" (guests of honour) at the Nuremberg Rally. The day before the official opening a reception was held to enable them to meet Hitler and his chief officials. Brittain was an executive member of the Anti-Socialist Union. Amongst his other honours, he was created KBE for public services in 1918, and CMG in 1924. He was a founder of the Commonwealth Press Union, organized the first Imperial Press Conferences, a Knight of the British Empire, and had a journalistic scholarship named after him in 1960. Carlton Club. Executive of the Anti-Socialist Union; Executive Committee, Economic League; Honorary President of the Friends of Italy; member, Anglo-German Friendship Society; Tory MP.
Brown, Franklin Q.	exec. committee	unknown	Listed in Who’s Who as a mystery individual listing no date or place of birth, no marriage, and no educational background. Involved with Redmond & Corporation, director of American Beet Sugar Company, American Light & Traction Company, S.A.L. Railway Company, J.G. White Engineering Corporation, Lima Locomotive Works, M. & Salt Lake Railroad, Cuba Grapefruit Company, Central Westchester & Fairfield Realty Company, Excess Insurance Company, and Insurance Securities Company, National Surety Company, president of Dobbs Ferry Bank, president of Independent Chemical Company, United States Railroad Administration.
Bruce, David Kirkpatrick Este	vice-president	1898-1977	Direct descendant of Robert (I) the Bruce (1274-1329), King Of Scotland, who accepted the Knights Templar in Scotland. One of the closest allies of the Bruce (at the time) were the St. Clairs, which have also been represented in the Pilgrims Society. The daughter of King Robert I married Walter Stuart (Stewart), and their son became Robert (de Bruce) II. Father was the late U.S. Senator William Cabell Bruce (Sr.) of Maryland. His older brother was James Cabell Bruce, a very important New York-area banker. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1898. Attended Princeton University, but went on to serve in the US Army 1917-1920. Spent one year at the University of Virginia Law School and the next year at the University of Maryland Law School. Admitted to the Maryland Bar. Practiced law in Baltimore 1921-1925. Member of the Maryland House of Delegates 1924-1926. Went to Rome as a vice consul in the Foreign Service 1925-1926. Worked at the State Department 1927-1928. W.A. Harriman & Co. during the late 1920s. Member of the Virginia House of Delegates 1939-1942. American Red Cross chief representative in Great Britain 1940. OSS agent stationed in London where he worked with the Vatican 1941-1945. Eventually became director of the European Theater of Operations of the OSS. U.S. Assistant Secretary of Commerce 1947-1948. Chief of the European Cooperation Administration to France 1948-1949. Ambassador to France 1949-1952. Under Secretary of State 1952-1953. Special United States Observer at the Interim Committee of the European Defense Community 1953-1954. Also Special American Representative to the European High Authority for Coal and Steel 1953-1954. Ambassador to Germany 1957-1959. Ambassador to Great Britain 1961-1969. Husband of Paul Mellon’s sister (richest woman in America at the time). Their daughter disappeared in 1967. Chief of the United States delegation to the Paris Peace Conference on Vietnam 1970-1971. Identified as a vice president of the Pilgrims Society in 1972, alongside John Hay Whitney. Ambassador to China 1973-1974. Presidential Medal of Freedom 1976. Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and has visited Bilderberg. Anglican-Episcopalian.
Bruce, James Cabell		1892-1980	Direct descendant of Robert (I) the Bruce (1274-1329), King Of Scotland, who accepted the Knights Templar in Scotland. One of the closest allies of the Bruce (at the time) were the St. Clairs, which have also been represented in the Pilgrims Society. The daughter of King Robert I married Walter Stuart (Stewart), and their son became Robert (de Bruce) II. Father was the late U.S. Senator William Cabell Bruce of Maryland. His brother was David K.E. Bruce. Graduated from Princeton University in 1914, after working in Woodrow Wilson's campaign for Governor of New Jersey. Received his law degree from the University of Maryland in 1916. Joined the staff of the International Banking Corporation in London, where he was employed when World War I began. Rose from private to major in the US Army, and served as a military aide to President Wilson at the Treaty of Versailles negotiations in 1919. Vice president of the Exchange Bank from 1921 to 1926 and vice president of the International Acceptance Bank in 1926-1927. In 1927, he was elected to the board of directors of the Commercial Credit Company of Baltimore, and a vice president of the National Park Bank of New York. Vice president of Chase National Bank from 1927-1931. From 1949 to 1950, he was the first director of the Mutual Assistance Program, the forerunner of NATO, and was ambassador to Argentina from 1947-1949. In 1931, James C. Bruce left Chase to return to the Baltimore Trust Company as its president. In 1932, Bruce was a director of the Commercial Credit Company of Baltimore. In 1933, he was president of the Baltimore Trust Company, and chairman of the board of the United Puerto Rican Sugar Company. The former president of the Davison Chemical Company, C. Wilbur Miller, filed suit against James C. Bruce, Albert H. Wiggin (Pilgrims) of the Chase National Bank, and others, alleging that they conspired to wreck his company because he refused to merge it with Rio Tinto Ltd. of England (New York Times, Jun. 28, 1933.), a company associated with the Rothschilds. One of the defendants in sixteen lawsuits alleging negligence by twenty-three officers and directors of the defunct Baltimore Trust, and settled his liability for $50,000 (1936). Became a vice president of the National Dairy Products Corporation in 1935-1947. In 1946, Bruce was vice chairman of the United Hospital Fund. US Envoy to Argentina in 1947-1950. Rejoined Dairy Products Corporation in 1950. Director of General American Investors, American Airlines, Avco Manufacturing Company, Chemical Bank, Chemical Corn Exchange Bank, Niagara Fire Insurance Company, Continental Insurance of the America Fore Group, Hanover Bank, Fruehauf Trailer Company, Commercial Credit Company, Grayson-Robinson Stores Inc., National Dairy Products Company and the Republic Steel Company, and Revlon. Co-chairman of the Business Men's Committee for Stevenson in 1956. Attended a 1960 dinner at the River Club of presidential candidate John F. Kennedy.
Bullock, Hugh	president	unknown	Son of Calvin Bullock who set up the very powerful Bullock banking trust (unique among large banking houses in that it was a proprietary business), which included the Canadian Investment Fund (one of the most powerful Canadian investment trusts in the thirties. People were joking why king George V hadn't joined), Nation-Wide Securities, Carriers & General Corp. and Dividend Shares. Calvin Bullock advertisements (father) never carry the firm's address and Calvin himself was quite reclusive. Calvin also had a lot of personal interest in Napoleon, Lord Nelson and their battles.
Burden, William A. Moale	vice-president	1906-1984	Vice president of The Pilgrims at least in 1973, great great grandson of Commodore Vanderbilt, interests in National Aviation Corporation, Brown Brothers, Harriman & Company, William A.M. Burden & Company, investments; and was a director of Aerospace Corporation; Allied Chemical Corporation; American Metal Climax (AMAX); Columbia Broadcasting System; Lockheed Aircraft Corporation; Union Oil & Gas Corporation; Cerro de Pasco Corporation (mining interests) and Manufacturers Hanover Trust. Burden was a member of National Aeronautics & Space Council, 1958-1959; Ambassador to Belgium, 1959-1961; member U.S. Citizens Commission for NATO, 1961-1962; trustee Columbia University; Foreign Service Educational Foundation; French Institute in the U.S.; regent, Smithsonian Institution and director of the Council on Foreign Relations 1945-1974. Member of the Atlantic Council of the United States. Burden was decorated by Brazil; Germany; Peru; France; Italy and Belgium, in which countries, we may reasonably assume, the Vanderbilts have holdings. Reflecting his partnership with the British Crown in reuniting America and Britain, he was also a director of the Atlantic Council, which goal it seeks! The Vanderbilts intermarried with the Whitneys, partners in Standard Oil with the Rockefellers, and we note as of late 1973 John Hay Whitney was a vice president of The Pilgrims. Virginia Fair, daughter of Senator James Fair of California, a principal beneficiary of the Ophir Silver Mine, part of the Comstock Lode, married into the Vanderbilts.
Burger, Warren Earl		1907-1995	Floor manager at the 1948 and 1952 Republican conventions. U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in 1955. Supreme Court Chief Justice 1969-1986. Automatically appointed chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution during his appointment as Chief Justice. Followed up by Pilgrims Society member William H. Rehnquist as Chief Justice. More than 800 dignitaties, including President Clinton, Attorney General Janet Reno and 13 sitting and retired Supreme Court justices attended the funeral services at Washington's National Presbyterian.
Burleigh, George W.		unknown	Lived from the second half of the 19th century until the first half of the 20th century in the New York area.
Burnham, Lord Edward Levy-Lawson		1833-1916	Jewish and a member of the B'naï B'rith. His father acquired the Daily Telegraph and Courier in 1855, a few months after it was founded by Colonel Sleigh. Edward Burnham became the co-editor of the newspaper from 1855 to 1873 and later took the paper itself. The Daily Telegraph is now owned by Conrad Black's Hollinger Group.
Burns, Arthur Frank		1904-1987	Born in Stanislau, Austria, earned all his degrees at Columbia University and did all his teaching there, economic adviser to president Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter, chairman of the Federal Reserve System 1970-1978, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Bush, Irving T.		1869-1948	Started to construct a 200 acre industrial park on the waterfront in Brooklyn in 1900, founder of the Bush Terminal Railroad, president of Bush Terminal Co., attended a 1908 Pilgrim meeting. He ordered the building of the London Bush House in 1919, which became the most expensive building at that time. It was meant to be an Anglo-American trade centre where buyers could purchase goods in one place. It lost it's original function after a few decades, but still exists today as an office to the BBC World Service. The main entrance is very grand, with two statues and four big columns reaching half the height of the nine-story building. Inscribed above the doors is the legend "To the friendship of English Speaking Peoples". Two statues symbolise Great Britain and America, they each hold a flaming torch and a shield which have the British lion and the American eagle on them. In between the statues is an altar embossed with a Celtic cross. Irving T. Bush has no known relation to the Presidential Bushes.
Butler, Nicholas Murray	president	1862-1947	Butler earned an A.B (1882), M.A. (1883) and Ph.D. (1884), all in philosophy, at Columbia, specializing in the writings of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. He studied for a year at the universities of Berlin and Paris. Became a staff member of the Department of Philosophy at Columbia College, later known as Columbia University. In 1882, Nicholas Murray Butler was appointed by Columbia president Henry Barnard to offer Saturday lectures for teachers. The turnout was enormous. Member New Jersey Board of Education from 1887 to 1895. Delegate to the Republican Convention 1888-1936. In 1891 Butler founded the Educational Review, a journal of educational philosophies and developments. He served as its editor until 1921. Organized the New York College for the Training of Teachers in 1892, affiliated with Columbia. Chairman the Paterson school 1892-1893. In these roles he led efforts to remove state political interference from local New Jersey school systems. In New York City, he did the same, spurring the creation of a citywide school board that emphasized professionalism and policy over political spoils (1895–1897). When New York City's consolidation was complete, New York State sought a similar reform with Butler's advice, completed in 1904. Participated in the formation of the College Entrance Examination Board in 1900. Had become a close friend of Pilgrims Society member Elihu Root by this time. President of Columbia University 1901-1945. Professor Carroll Quigley wrote in 'Tragedy and Hope': "J.P. Morgan and his associates were the most significant figures in policy making at Harvard, Columbia and Yale while the Whitneys and Prudential Insurance Company dominated Princeton. The chief officials of these universities were beholden to these financial powers and usually owed their jobs to them... Morgan himself helped make Nicholas Murray Butler president of Columbia." Robert A. McCaughey wrote in 'Stand Columbia: A History of Columbia University in the City of New York, 1754–2004': "A compulsive name-dropper given to self-puffery, Butler was nevertheless an effective administrator [of Columbia], and J.P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, and E. H. Harriman sought to hire him to run their enterprises." Butler held the presidency in some of their railroad companies. President of the Germanistic Society of Columbia University in 1905-1906 and a director from 1908-1917. It organized and sponsored lecture series for German scholars in the United States. Travelled to Europe on occasion where he met with Kaiser Wilhelm and Mussolini in his early fascist days. Quote from the 1973 book 'The Glory and the Dream, a Narrative History of America, 1932-1972', by William Manchester, pages 67-68: "Nicholas Murray Butler told his students that totalitarian regimes brought forth "men of far greater intelligence, far stronger character, and far more courage than the system of elections," and if anyone represented the American establishment then it was Dr. Butler, with his 34 honorary degrees, and his thirty year tenure as president of Columbia University." (quoted by Charles Savoie) Supposedly Butler agreed with some of the Nazi racial theories about the superiority of the Teuton race. Another quote attributed to him is: "The history of American education and of our American contributions to philosophical thought cannot be understood or estimated with[out] knowing of the life work of Dr. William Torrey Harris." Harris, a supporter of Emmanuel Kant and Georg Hegel, shaped modern American education to a large degree. He also was highly influential in popularizing Hegel's philosophies in the second half of the 19th century. Established a friendship with Governor Theodore Roosevelt in the early 20th century. President University Settlement Society 1905-1914. Became a trustee of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching in 1905. President American Academy in Rome 1905-1940s. President of the American branch of International Conciliation, an organization founded in 1905 by a Nobel peace laureate, Baron d'Estournelles de Constant (from an "old aristocratic family which traced its genealogy back to the Crusades", whatever that means). Chairman of the Lake Mohonk Conferences on International Arbitration, which met periodically from 1907 to 1912. President American Scandinavian Society 1908-1911. Influential in persuading Andrew Carnegie (a Pilgrims member, Hegelian, and Social Darwinist) to establish the Endowment in 1910 with a gift of $10,000,000 he served as head of the Endowment's section on international education and communication, founded the European branch of the Endowment, with headquarters in Paris, and held the presidency of the parent Endowment from 1925 to 1945. In 1912, Roosevelt ran for the presidency as the candidate of the Progressive Party, which drew most of its strength from Republicans, against the nominees of the constituted party: Taft for the presidency and Butler for the vice-presidency. By splitting the national vote, they permitted the Democrat, Woodrow Wilson, to win the election. President France-America Society 1914-1924. Nicholas Murray Butler, in an address delivered before the Union League of Philadelphia, Nov. 27, 1915: "The peace conference has assembled. It will make the most momentous decisions in history, and upon these decisions will rest the stability of the new world order and the future peace of the world." Both Nicholas Murray Butler and Elihu Root were staunch supporters of the League of Nations that would emerge after WWI. In 1916 Butler failed in his attempt to secure the Republican presidential nomination for Root. President American Hellenic Society 1917-1940s. William Bostock paper (University of Tasmania), 'To the limits of acceptability: political control of higher education' (2002): "On October 8, 1917, the famous historian Charles A. Beard resigned from Columbia University in protest over the dismissal of two colleagues, Professors Cattell and Dana, for having publicly opposed the entry of the United States into World War I. Cattell and Dana urged opposition to the draft, incurring the censure of Columbia President Nicholas Murray Butler and the Columbia Board of Trustees. There had also been a history of conflict over academic leadership and governance between Butler and Cattell, a distinguished psychologist." Michael Parenti, 'Against Empire' (1995), chapter 10: "A leading historian, Charles Beard, was grilled by the Columbia University trustees, who were concerned that his views might "inculcate disrespect for American institutions." In disgust Beard resigned from Columbia, declaring that the trustees and Nicholas Murray Butler sought "to drive out or humiliate or terrorize every man who held progressive, liberal, or unconventional views on political matters." Elihu Root, Nicholas Murray Butler, and Stephen P. Duggan Sr. (CFR director) founded the Institute for International Education in 1919. Failed to secure the Republican presidential nomination in 1920. During the 1920s Butler was a member of the General Committee of the American Society for the Control of Cancer, chaired by Thomas W. Lamont, a Rockefeller banker and Pilgrims Society member. John D. Rockefeller, Sr. once wrote a public letter to Butler explaining why he supported the prohibition movement. According to Richard Koudenhove-Kalergi in his 1958 book 'Eine Idee erobert Europa. Meine Lebenserinnerungen' (translated): "One of my most energetic American friends and patrons was the president of the Columbia University, Nicholas Murray Butler, the president of the Carnegie Endowment at the same time. He wrote the foreword to the American edition of Paneuropa." Kalergi's Paneuropa movement was set up and funded by Max Warburg and Louis Rothschild in 1923. Paul and Felix Warburg were promoting the movement in the United States and Rothschild-ally Leopold S. Amery was a major supporter from the United Kingdom. Stephen P. Duggan, the CFR director and co-founder of the Institute for International Education, became the president of the American Cooperative Committee of the Pan-European Union (he held this position from 1925 to 1940). In 1927 Butler assisted the U.S. State Department in developing the Kellogg-Briand Pact. Failed to secure the Republican presidential nomination in 1928. President of the Pilgrims Society 1928-1946. Visitor of the Bohemian Grove and an honorary member by 1929. Butler gave the core members of the Frankfurt School’s Institute for Social Research a home in exile at Columbia University in 1934. These people were supporters of Georg Hegel, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, and Max Weber. Among these people was Herbert Marcuse, a Jewish Marxist Hegelian, who became the 'father of the New Left' in the 1960s. President Italy-America Society 1929-1935. Director of the New York Life Insurance Corporation 1929-1939. Nobel Peace Prize 1931. Received a gold medal from the National Institute of Social Sciences at the Hotel Waldorf-Astoria in 1932, together with J.P. Morgan. On November 19, 1937, Butler attended a meeting where Pilgrims Society member Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, received a Nobel Prize for his work in establishing the League of Nations. Both Butler and Lord Cecil held speeches about the role the League of Nations should have. Although it is only a rumor, Butler is supposed to have said at this meeting (in private) that communism was a tool of the British financial powers to knock down national governments and to bring about a world government in the future. Chairman Carnegie Corporation of New York 1937-1945. Vice-president International Benjamin Franklin Society in 1939. Governor Pan American Trade Committee in 1939. Governor of the Metropolitan Club, founded by J.P. Morgan in 1891, and which counted among its members two Vanderbilts, three Mellons, five Du Ponts, and six Roosevelts. He was a governor Honorary president American Society of French Legion of Honor from 1944 on. Decorated by China, France, Dominican, Republic, Cuba, Germany, Greece, Yugoslavia, Belgium, Poland, Italy, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Holland, Chile and other countries. Quigley has quoted Butler as saying "The world is divided in to three classes of people: a very small group that makes things happen, a somewhat larger group that watches things happen, and the great multitude which never knows what happened."
Cadbury, Laurence John		1889-1982	Order of the British Empire, treasurer of the Population Investigation Committee in 1936, governor of the Bank of England 1936-1961, vice president of the Eugenics Society 1951-1952 and a long time fellow, managing director of Cadbury Bros. Ltd., including what is now Cadbury Schweppes, a $6 billion business in beverages, confections and other items. His two sons have taken over the business empire and one of them has also been governor of the Bank of England. His nephew, George Woodall Cadbury, wrote "Population changes and economics" (1941) and "The Case for Voluntary Euthanasia" (1971). There have been more Cadbury's busy in the eugenics/population control movement.
Carlton, Newcomb		1869-1953	President and chairman Western Union (During the 20s and 30s he was involved with laying the first transnational phone lines). In a Senate subcommittee hearing Carlton and others admitted that British (Naval) Intelligence was spying on the company and that this was the most common thing in the world. This practice went back to at least the first half of the 19th century. Carlton also was director International Acceptance Bank, Chase National Bank, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., American Express Co., the American Sugar Refining Co., American Telegraph and Cable Co., American International Corporation (very involved with the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917), World Cable Systems, member Newcomen Society.
Carnegie, Andrew		1835-1919	Born in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835. His father, William Carnegie was a master handloom weaver like his father and grandfather before him. Went to school at the age of 8. His family moved to America in 1848 to seek a better life and ended up just north of Pittsburgh. Carnegie went to work as a bobbin boy in a local textile mill owned by a fellow Scot. He made $1.20 a week. Shortly thereafter he got a better paying job in a bobbin factory of yet another expatriate Scot. His job was dipping the bobbins into an oil bath and firing the factory boiler. He also got to work in the Company office on occasion where he decided he needed to learn double-entry bookkeeping. Consequently, in addition to working 12 hour days, he went to night school across the river in Pittsburgh. He got a job at the O'Reilly Telegraph Company as a messenger boy. Carnegie delivered messages to all the important businesses in the city and soon knew a great deal about Pittsburgh's commercial affairs. In 1851 he became a full time telegraph operator. Became a protege for Thomas A. Scott in 1853, who was president of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Carnegie had come to Scott's attention because of his reputation as being the best telegraph operator in town and Scott needed a personal telegrapher and secretary. Scott established the first holding company, which was illegal at the time due to the corporate containment laws of the revolution. Scott's influence in politics was huge, thereby breaking another containment law, that of corporate involvement in politics. Scott hired members of the Ku Klux Klan as board members to his companies. He did this in order to stop the attacks by the Klan on the railroad work crews of newly emancipated slaves. To avoid bad publicity as much as possible, Scott was buying up newspapers in the North and South forcing editors to censor his critics. His railroads were also important during the Civil War, turning the tides of different battles. In 1856 Scott persuaded Carnegie to buy some stock and even loaned him the money to do so. Carnegie bought the stock primarily because he admired Scott and regarded him as a father figure. The experience of receiving dividends changed Carnegie's attitude and he became an enthusiastic investor. In 1859 Carnegie was appointed Superintendent of the Pittsburgh Division, the most important and difficult Division of the railroad. Co-founded the successful Columbia Oil Company in 1861, but grew tired of the messy oil business and got out in 1865. Went into the iron business with his partner Thomas Miller in 1861. Carnegie, Miller, and two other partners founded the Cyclops Iron Works in Pittsburgh in 1864. Carnegie quit the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1865 to start up the Keystone Bridge Company, since many bridges were destroyed during the Civil War. In 1868 Carnegie establishes the Keystone Telegraph Company with several associates from the railroad. The company receives permission from the Pennsylvania Railroad to string telegraph wire across the railroad's poles, which stretch across the entire state. This is such a valuable asset that Keystone is able to merge almost immediately with the Pacific and Atlantic Telegraph Company, allowing Keystone's investors to triple their return. Carnegie writes himself a letter in 1868 in which he outlines his plans for the future. He determines to resign from business at age 35 and live on an income of $50,000 per year, devoting the remainder of his money to philanthropic causes, and most of his time to his education. He will change his mind. In 1869 Carnegie met Junius Morgan (J. P. Morgan's father and a George Peabody business partner since 1854; Peabody is said to have been an agent of the Rothschild family) in London. Junius Morgan was one of the leading investment bankers in London and his word "was as good as gold". If Morgan endorsed a bond issue, it would be easily placed. Carnegie made substantial fees (typically 2.5%) selling bonds in Europe. He placed issues for various bridge construction projects and several railroads. In 1870 he built his own blast furnace to guarantee supplies of pig iron that he controlled. In 1872 Carnegie came back from a trip to England convinced that the future was steel. While in England in 1872-1873, on one of his frequent trips to Great Britain, he met Henry Bessemer and saw the Bessemer process of making steel. This convinced him that steel was the future of the railroad industry. He then organized Carnegie, McCandless & Company (with some new partners as some of his earlier iron partners weren't convinced yet) in the United States and built a new steel plant named the Edgar Thompson Steel Works. Unfortunately some of his partners were unable to come up with their shares in the project because of the financial depression of 1873. At the same moment his mentor and friend Thomas Scott wanted Carnegie to bail out his troubled company. Carnegie (wisely) refused, Thomas went bankrupt, and their friendship ended. To keep his enterprise afloat Carnegie took his partner Holley with him to London in the summer of 1874 and the two were, with the aid of Junius Morgan (the Peabody banker and father of J.P. Morgan), able to sell $400,000 worth of bonds to London investors. The Edgar Thomson works were completed in 1875 and the business was an immediate success. In 1877 they already had a 13% share in the steel rail market, which had risen to 29% by 1897. Because Carnegie always had majority control in the partnership, he insisted upon plowing almost all the profits back into improving the works, always upgrading, always in search of the littlest efficiencies. He was always concerned more with building and improving than spending dividends. In October 1883 Carnegie bought the Homestead Works from a group of Pittsburgh investors. In 1886 Carnegie made Charles M. Schwab (at the age of 24; later Pilgrims Society member and known as a "master hustler") general superintendent of the Homestead Works. Married Louise Whitfield of New York in 1887 and they had one child, Margaret. Came up with the idea of Carnegie Hall in 1889 and provided the funds to build it. It was opened in 1891, although construction work continued until 1897. The Carnegie family owned the music hall until 1924 and it is still legendary for its acoustics. In 1892 Frick persuaded Carnegie to merge Carnegie Brothers and Carnegie, Phipps, Company into one vast company, Carnegie Steel. It had an initial capitalization of $25,000,000 which was far below the actual value of the company. Carnegie owned 55%, Frick 11%, Phipps 11%, and nineteen other partners 1% each. In 1895, Andrew Carnegie presented the people of Pittsburgh with the Carnegie Institute. It housed a library, a music hall, an art gallery, and a museum of natural history. It's important to note that Carnegie always (also in the future) funded the building of the actual libraries, but required local governments to legislate commitments to fund ongoing maintenance, staff, and book purchases from public coffers. Carnegie was a generous financial supporter and one of the many vice presidents of the Anti-Imperialist League, which was formed in June 1898 to fight U.S. annexation of the Philippines, citing a variety of reasons ranging from the economic to the legal to the racial to the moral. The league died after the Treaty of Paris was signed in December of that same year. Carnegie consolidated his holdings into Carnegie Steel Co. in 1899 at which moment he controlled 1/4 of American steel production.. In 1900 Carnegie provided $1 million to the Carnegie Technical Schools in Pittsburgh which developed into the Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1912. Sold Carnegie Steel in 1901 to J.P. Morgan for $480 million and used the money to retire. Morgan renamed the company to U.S. Steel. Carnegie had been a director of American Express, Illinois Central Railroad, United States Trust Company of New York, Western Union Telegraph, City & Suburban Homes, and Cuban-Dominican. Gave the New York Public Library $5.2 million for 65 branch libraries in 2001. Created the Trust for the Universities of Scotland in 1901. The gift of $10 million that endowed the trust was larger by several orders of magnitude than the assistance provided by the government of the day to the four ancient Scottish Universities. Established the Carnegie Institution of Washington in 1902, an organization for scientific discovery. His intention was for the institution to be home to exceptional individuals - men and women with imagination and extraordinary dedication capable of working at the cutting edge of their fields. The first president of the institution was Daniel Coit Gilman (incorporated Skull & Bones into the Russell Trust). The Carnegie Teachers' Pension Fund was established in 1905 and Carnegie endowed the fund with $10 million. It was incorporated in the following year as the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and did a lot to improve the level of education in the US. Member of the Philippine Independence Committee in 1904 and a vice president of the Filipino Progress Association 1905-1907. Established the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission in the US in 1904 to help people that had been struck by some kind of disaster. It was established in Britain in 1908 and was soon followed by nine Funds on the European continent: France, Germany (doesn't exist anymore), Belgium, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. Funded the first 'Temple of Peace', known as the Bureau of American Republics in Nicaragua, which was ready in 1908. Funded the second 'Temple of Peace', known as the Central American Court of Justice, which was ready in 1910. Contributed to the building of the 'House of the Americas' in Washington D.C. in 1910, which became the headquarters of the Pan American Union. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace was set up in 1910 at the initial direction of Pilgrims Society member Nicholas Murray Butler (of the Pilgrims). The first president of the Carnegie Endowment was Elihu Root (1910-1925; Pilgrims), who became a primary founder of the Council on Foreign Relations in later years. The Carnegie Endowment publishes Foreign Policy magazine since 1970, which was established by Samuel P. Huntington (who wrote ‘The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World'). The Endowment conducts programs of research, discussion, publication, and education on international affairs and US foreign policy. Today it is funded by the Rockefeller, Luce, and Ford Foundations, AIG, Boeing, Citigroup, and other corporations. Andrew created the Carnegie Corporation of New York in 1911, which is the grant-making organization. Funded the third 'Temple of Peace', known as the Palace of Peace at the Hague, which was ready in 1913 and is owned by the Carnegie Foundation. The Dutch Royals were present at the inauguration. Created the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust in 1913. It was involved in the restoration of some 3,500 church organs throughout the British Isles and the creation of the more than 2800 Carnegie libraries in the United States, Canada, the British Isles, and many countries of the British Commonwealth. 660 of these libraries were located in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The Church Peace Union (today known as the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs) was established at a meeting at the home of Andrew Carnegie in 1914 with an endowment of over $2 million. When WWI broke out in 1914, Carnegie left Scotland. The Carnegie Endowment established the American Council of Learned Societies in 1919. Elihu Root prepared the final will of Carnegie on March 31, 1919. When he died that same year, Carnegie had given away over $350 million. He was known as a Social Darwinist (supporting the work of Darwin and Herbert Spencer) and a follower of William Torrey Harris, the highly influential American educator who popularized the theories of Georg Hegel and Emmanuel Kant. Today the Carnegie Endowment is one of the driving forces of the globalization process and funds numerous United Nations programs. The Carnegie Corporation of New York sponsors the CFR on a continuous basis with grants ranging from $25,000 to $900,000 annually and the Atlantic Council of the United States with $25,000 to $100,000 annually. It donated $200,000 to the Royal Institute of International Affairs in 2003. The American Red Cross receives several hundred thousand dollars a year. The Staten Island Zoological Society and the Museum of Jewish Heritage (the ‘Living Memorial to the Holocaust') each receive $100,000 a year. Some other organizations that receive large amounts of grants are the Institute of Semitic Studies, the Center for Jewish History, the American Assembly, the American Museum Of Natural History (Charles Darwin), the American Foreign Policy Council, and the Moscow School of Political Studies. The Carnegie Corporation makes (globalist) research grants to almost, if not all the major universities in the United States and southern Africa. These grants add up to hundreds of thousands of dollars annually to even several million a year to some of the larger universities. The universities in the United States that receive these grants are: America, Arizona, Bradford, Boston, Brigham Young, California, Carnegie Mellon, Catholic, Chicago, Cincinnati, Claremont, Colorado, Columbia, Connecticut, DePau, Dillard, Duke, Emory, Fort Hare, Georgia, Georgetown, George Washington, Harvard, Illinois, Indiana, Johns Hopkins, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Northwestern, Notre Dame, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Princeton, Queens, Rutgers, Stanford, Syracuse, Temple, Tennessee, Texas, Tufts, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and Yale. The universities in southern Africa that receive Carnegie grants are: Cape Town, KwaZulu-Natal, Pretoria, Witwatersrand, Western Cape, Makerere, Dar es Salaam, Ghana, Obafemi Awolowo, Jos, Ahmadu Bello, Stellenbosch, Rand Afrikaans, Rhodes, and Makerere. Many of these South African universities receive $2 million a year. Other universities that receive Carnegie research grants are the University of the Pacific, the Central European University (chaired by George Soros), the American University of Beirut, and the Australian National University. The Carnegie Corporation also funds several umbrella organizations in the international education system. Among them are the American Association of University Professors, the American Forum for Global Education, the Association of American Colleges and Universities, the Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges, and the Association of African Universities. The Carnegie Corporation works closely with the Ford Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, and others.
Carrington, Lord Peter Rupert	president	1919-alive	Carrington was educated at Eton and RMA Sandhurst. In 1938 he succeeded his father as 6th Baron Carrington and took his seat in the House of Lords on his 21st birthday in 1940. In WWII he served as a major in the Grenadier Guards and was awarded the Military Cross. Went into politics and joined the Conservatives. Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry for Agriculture and Food 1951-1954. Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Defence 1954-1956. High Commissioner to Australia 1956-1959. Became a member of the Privy Council in 1959. First Lord of the Admiralty 1959-1963. Minister without Portfolio and Leader of the House of Lords 1963-1964. Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords 1964-1970. Defence Secretary 1970-1974. Chairman of the Conservative Party 1972-1974. Secretary of State for Energy from January to March 1974. Stepped temporarily out of politics in 1974. Has been a director of Rio Tinto, Barclays Bank, Cadbury Schweppes, Hollinger International, Amalgamated Metal, British Metal, and Hambros Bank. Attended the Trilateral Commission in the 1970s. Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Royal Institute for International Affairs. One of the few who was in the loop of Brian Crozier's (Le Cercle) Shield Committee that succeeded in getting Margaret Thatcher elected in 1979. British Foreign Secretary for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs 1979-1982. Resigned over the Falkland crisis although he expressed his opinion that much of the criticism was unjustified. President of the Pilgrims of Great Britain since 1983. Joined Kissinger Associates in the 1983-1984 period. Secretary General of NATO 1984-1988. Member of the Order of the Garter since 1985. Identified as a governor of the Atlantic Institute for International Affairs in 1987. Chairman of Bilderberg 1989-1998. Governor of the Ditchley Foundations.
Cates, Louis S.		1881-1959	Chairman American Mining Congress, chairman Phelps-Dodge Corporation (the world's number two leading producer of copper and molybdenum and is the world's largest producer of continuous-cast copper rod) 1930-1947. The Phelps-Dodge company was a main financier of the 1934 fascist plot against FDR. The vice president of Phelps-Dodge Corporation, Cleveland Dodge, was one of the Crusaders' National Advisors, who were working together with The American Libert League to turn public opinion pro-fascist. They worked together with the du Ponts, Morgans, Harrimans and many other wealthy influential families, many of them Pilgrims.
Cates, John Martin, Jr.		unknown	Member of the executive committee of the Wolf’s Head Society of Yale, worked at the United States Mission to the United Nations and worked close with McGeorge Bundy and George Wildman Ball, president Center For Inter-American Relations in New York, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Catlin, George Edward Gordon		1896-1979	Educated at St Paul's School, New College, Oxford, and Cornell University, where he was professor of politics 1924-1959. He was lecturer at various universities, including Yale, Calcutta, Columbia, Peking and Berkeley. An Assistant Professor of Politics at Cornell by the age of 28 and subsequently twice acting chairman. In 1925 Catlin wrote the first of many articles advocating the closest Anglo-American cooperation on every level, in fact organic union. In 1926 he was appointed Director of the National Commission (Social Research Council) to study the impact of prohibition in the United States. Between 1928 and 1931 Catlin was attached to the personal staff of Sir Oswald Mosley, a period before Mosley had made his final break with the Labour Party. From 1929 onwards Catlin attempted to win a suitable Labour Party nomination and he unsuccessfully stood for Brentford in 1931 and for Sunderland in 1935. In 1929 he assisted H.G. Wells, Arnold Bennett and other literati in establishing The Realist magazine and between 1935 and 1937 he served on the executive of the Fabian Society. During the 1930s Catlin traveled abroad extensively, journeying to Germany where he witnessed the Dimitrov trial, with its sinister foreshadowing of what Nazism was to become, to Russia for a prolonged examination of the newly established Communist regime and to Spain during the depths of the Civil War. Throughout this period Catlin wrote a large number of journalistic pieces, principally for the Yorkshire Post. He served on the campaign team of Presidential candidate Wendell Wilkie during 1940 and his book, One Anglo-American Nation appeared in 1941. In 1931 Catlin met Gandhi for the first time in London and he became an early advocate of Indian independence, visiting the sub-continent in 1946 and again in 1947 and publishing his tribute to the assassinated leader, In the Path of Mahatma Gandhi, during 1948. He lectured in Peking in 1947, served as Provost of Mar Ivanios College in Indiana in 1953-54 and a Chairman and Bronfman Professor in the Department of Economics and Political Science at McGill University between 1956 and 1960. His autobiography, on which he had worked sporadically since the end of the First World War, was finally published in 1972 as For God's Sake, Go.
Catto, Henry Edward, Jr.		1930-alive	Graduate of Williams College. Deputy representative to the Organization of American States 1969-1971. U.S. ambassador to El Salvador 1971-1973. Chief of protocol of the White House and Department of State 1974-1976. U.S. representative to the United Nations Offices in Geneva 1976-1977. Assistant secretary of Defense for Public Affairs and Pentagon spokesman 1981-1983. Vice chairman and president of Broadcast Group at H & C Communications 1983-1989 (operator of network television stations Houston, Orlando-Daytona Beach, San Antonio). U.S. ambassador to Great Britain 1989-1991. Director of the United States Information Agency 1991-1993. Partner in the insurance firm Catto & Catto. Diplomat-in-residence at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Member of the Smithsonian National Board. Vice-chairman of the Aspen Institute. Member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Chairman of the Atlantic Council of the United States since 1999.
Calhoun, John Calwell		1843-1918	Was with the Confederate Army at the Battle of Fort Sumter. His wife, Linnie Adams, was grandniece of Richard M. Johnson, vice president of the U.S., 1837-1941. After the war he had agricultural interests in Alabama, Mississippi and Arkansas and was part of the management of the Cotton Exposition in 1884 at New Orleans. He was special ambassador to France in 1897, sent by the S.A.R.---Sons of the American Revolution (France assisted the Colonies in becoming free from the British). Calling himself a "financier" (perhaps the Erlangers put him in business) in the 1897-1942 volume, he was president of the Baltimore Coal Mining & Railroad Company and “Albertite Oilite & Cannel Coal Co. Ltd."
Caulcutt, Sir John		born 1876	Director of large companies. No other info.
Cave, Viscount George	President	1856-1928	Having served as standing Counsel to Oxford University for two years as well as Attorney General to the Prince of Wales, in 1915 Cave was appointed Solicitor General and knighted. The following year, he was made Home Secretary in Lloyd George's coalition government, a post he held for three years. In 1918, Sir George Cave was ennobled as Viscount Cave, of Richmond in the County of Surrey. The following year, he became a Lord of Appeal, and chaired a number of commissions, including the Southern Rhodesian commission and the Munitions Enquiry Tribunal. In 1922, he became Lord Chancellor in Bonar Law's government, and again served in this capacity in Baldwin's first administration. Having been made GCMG in 1921, he was also elected Chancellor of Oxford University in 1925.
Cecil, Lord Robert Gascoyne		1864-1958	Member of the very powerful Cecil family that has produced numerous members of the Order of Garter and the Privy Council, starting with Sir William Cecil in the 1500s. They intermarried with elite blue blood families as de Vere, Arundel, Plantagenet, and Cavendish. William Cecil and his protégé Sir Francis Walsingham devised an intricate spy network during the latter years of Elizabeth I's reign that succeeded in uncovering numerous Catholic plots against the monarch. Sir William Cecil's daughter, Anne, married Edward de Vere, the 17 th Earl of Oxford and a member of what was quite possibly the bluest of blue blood families in existence. De Vere had worked for William Cecil and the throne since a young age and was later rumored to have written the works of Shakespeare. Lady Diana Cecil married the 18th Earl of Oxford. Third son of his namesake Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, who was a member of the Order of the Garter and the Privy Council. The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury was the Chancellor of Oxford University from 1869 to 1903, a fellow of All Souls, and a British prime minister for 14 years. Carrol Quigley described the Rhodes secret society and the Round Table Group (All Souls, Oxford) as the 'Cecil Bloc'. The 3rd Marquess of Salisbury and his family were really the prime movers behind this network. Robert grew to like Benjamin Disraeli, who he had previously distrusted as a Jew. Disraeli eventually became a housefriend to the family and was invested into the Order of the Garter. Baron Lionel de Rothschild was another close friend of Disraeli. One of Cecil's sisters was the mother of Arthur J. Balfour (An occultist who wrote a letter to Lionel de Rothschild in November 1917 declaring that the British government stood behind zionist plans to build a Jewish national home in Palestine) and Gerald W. Balfour. Even today, the Hatfield House is the Hertfordshire home of the family, built between 1609 and 1611 by the1st Earl of Salisbury; a Privy Councillor and Knight of the Garter who was the Chief Minister to James I. Robert Cecil, the third son of 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, was educated at home until 1877, which he considered superior to his later college education. Went to Eton College and Oxford where he studied law and turned out to excel at debate. Admitted to the Bar in 1887. Married Lady Eleanor Lambton in 1889. Law career from 1887 to 1906. Member of the Coefficients diner-debate Club which organized monthly meetings between 1902 and 1908. Other members were H.G. Wells, Arthur Balfour (a cousin of Cecil), Alfred Milner, Halford Mackinder, Earl Bertrand Russell (often with a different, but not more humane opinion than the others), Viscount Edward Grey, Sidney and Beatrice Webb, and Leopold Amery (Rothschild associate). Member of the Conservative Party to the House of Commons 1906-1910. Set up the RT Group in 1910 with Lionel Curtis and others. Independent Conservative member House of Commons 1911-1923. Worked for the Red Cross 1914-1915. Became a member of the Privy Council in 1915. Assistant Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1915-1916. Minister of Blockade from 1916 to 1918, being responsible for devising procedures to bring economic and commercial pressure against the enemy. Assistant Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1918-1919. Chancellor of Birmingham University 1918-1944. Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council of the Versailles Peace Treaty in 1919 and one of the principal draftsmen of the League of Nations Covenant. Co-founder and first chairman of the Royal Institute of International Affairs in 1920. Became the first 1th Viscount of Chelwood in 1923. Lord Privy Seal 1923-1924. President of the British League of Nations Union 1923-1945. Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1924-1927. In 1985 John Coleman named Robert Cecil as the brainchild behind the Unity of Science Conferences that ran from 1929 to 1941. Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937 for his work in establishing the League of Nations. During this meeting he and co-Pilgrims Society member Nicholas Murray Butler spoke in favor of expanding the role of the League of Nations. Present at the final meeting of the League of Nations in 1946 and ended his speech with the words: "The League is dead, long live the United Nations." Cecil's autobiography, 'All the Way', was published in 1949. Member Pilgrims Society. Today, his great great nephew, 7th Marquess of Salisbury, is a member of Le Cercle and the Privy Council.
Chadbourne, William Merriam		born 1879	New York lawyer, vice president of the China Society of America.
Chaffee, Adna Romanza		1842-1914	A General in the United States Army. Chaffee took part in the Indian Wars, played a key role in the Spanish-American War, and was instrumental at crushing the Boxer Rebellion in China. He also fought in the Philippine-American War in 1901 and 1902. Chaffee was the Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1904 to 1906, overseeing far-reaching transformation of organization and doctrine in the Army.
Chamberlain, Arthur Neville		1869-1940	he first half of his career was spent in business and, after 1911, in the city government of Birmingham, of which he became lord mayor in 1915. In 1917 he was director of national service, supervising conscription, and the following year, at the age of 50, he was elected to Parliament as a Conservative. During the 1920s he served both as chancellor of the exchequer (1923–24) and minister of health (1923, 1924–29). In the latter position, he enacted a series of important reforms that simplified the administration of Britain's social services and systematized local government. In 1931 he again became chancellor of the exchequer and held that office until he succeeded Stanley Baldwin as prime minister in 1937. During the 1930s, Chamberlain's professed commitment to avoiding war with Hitler resulted in his controversial policy of “appeasement,” which culminated in the Munich Pact (1938). Although contemporaries and scholars during and after the war criticized Chamberlain for believing that Hitler could be appeased, recent research argues that Chamberlain was not so naive and that appeasement was a shrewd policy developed to buy time for an ill-prepared Britain to rearm. After Germany's invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1939, he pledged military support to Poland and led Britain to war in September. After the British debacle in Norway, he was forced to resign in May, 1940. He was lord president of the council under Winston Churchill until Oct., 1940, and died a few weeks later.
Charles, Michael Harrison			He was educated at Jacksonville Episcopal High School, the University of Florida, Florida State University and New York University. Mr. Charles is a well-known interior designer having worked for several major architectural firms before founding Michael H. Charles Associates in 1985. Member of the Advisory Council of the Hereditary Society Community of the United States of America (researches history and genealogy). His designs have been published in numerous magazines and books over the years and he was the recipient of the prestigious Wool Bureau Award for fabric design. Michael H.Charles Associates maintains offices in New York City and St. Augustine, Florida. Mr. Charles is a member of the Pilgrims of the United States, New York, as well as The Honourable Company of Freemen of London.. He is also a member of St. Thomas Church of Fifth Avenue wherehe serves as Head Usher, and on the Choir School Benefit Committee, as Acquisitions Chairman, and on the Stewardship Committee. He is a life member of the Society of Mary; Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament; Guild of All Souls; Society of St. King Charles the Martyr; and the Church Club of New York where he also serves as a member of Events Committee. Mr. Charles is Worshipful Master of the Masonic Independent Royal Arch Lodge #2 F&AM, of New York City. He has served as Junior Warden and Master of Ceremonies. Mr. Charles is also a member of Long I Grotto; Scottish Rite, Valley of New York, 32 degree; Ancient Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, New York City; Columbian Council, Cryptic Masons, New York City; Morton Commandery, Knights Templar, New York City; Paumonock Council, Knight Masons, New York City; Quartro Coranotti Lodge, London, England. He is a member of the Ponte Vedra Club of Jacksonville, FL; the Royal Scottish Automobile Club of Glasgow, Scotland; and the Lansdowne Club of London of London, England. Society of the Cincinnati in the State of Virginia (life member); General Society of Colonial Wars (Secretary and life member of the New York Society; regular member of the Florida Society Society; Gentleman of the Council in New York and Florida Societies); Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York (life member; Member of the Council); Colonial Order of the Acorn (life member); Order of the Indian Wars of the United States (life member); General Society Sons of the Revolution (member in the States of New York and Pennsylvania; life member of NY Society; Fraunces Tavern Museum Board Member); Saint Andrews Society of New York (life member) Saint David Society of New York (life member); Saint George's Society of New York (life member; Board member; Chairman Activities; Chairman - Queen's Jubilee 2002; Ball Committee); Society of the Sons of Saint George of Philadelphia (life member); Military Society of the War of 1812 (life member); Veteran Corps of Artillery State of New York (life member); The Huguenot Society of America (life member; Registrar General; Member of the Membership Committee); Colonial Society of Pennsylvania Military Order of the Stars and Bars (life member; Commander of the New York Society); Order of the Southern Cross (life member); Dutch Settlers Society of Albany (life member); Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania (life member); National Society Sons of the American Colonists (life member; former Vice President General); Society of the Descendants of the ColonialClergy (life member); Hereditary Order of the Descendants of Colonial Governors (life member; Third Vice President General); Order of Americans of Armorial Ancestry (life member); Flagon and Trencher (life member); Descendants of the Founders of New Jersey (life member); National Society Descendants of Early Quakers (life member); Friendly Sons of St. Patrick of Philadelphia (life member); Order of Descendants of Colonial Physicians & Chirurgiens (life member); Sons and Daughters of the Colonial & Antebellum Bench and Bar 1585-1861 (life member); National Society Sons of the American Revolution (Florida State, Past Regional Vice President; Organizing President, St. Augustine Chapter; First Continental Chapter, New York City, Member of the Council); General Society of the War of 1812 (former Florida State President); National Society Sons and Daughters of the Pilgrims (Florida and New York; Councilor - New York Branch); Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (Officer); Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem (Prior of St. Michael & St. George New York City Priory; Silver Pilgrim Shell); Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Cavalieri)
Choate, Joseph H.	President	1832-1917	He was born at Salem, Massachusetts, the son of Dr George Choate, a noted physician, and was a nephew of Rufus Choate, a well known lawyer and politician. Graduated from Harvard Law school in 1854. Admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1855. Admitted to the New York bar in 1856. Entered the law office of Scudder & Carter in New York City in 1856. Republican and frequent speaker in presidential campaigns, beginning with the one of 1856. His success in his profession was immediate, and in 1860 he became junior partner in the firm of Evarts, Southmayd & Choate, the senior partner in which was William M Evarts. This firm and its successor, that of Evarts, Choate & Beaman, remained for many years among the leading law firms of New York and of the country, the activities of both being national rather than local. Became a member of the Committee of Seventy in New York City in 1871, which was instrumental in breaking up Boss Tweed and his crime gang (Pilgrim Elihu Root also played a role in this process). Chairman at an 1882 meeting where the panel unanimously denounced the Jewish persecution in Russia (an Anson Phelps-Stokes was also chairman who's was a S&B member in 1896, just as many other Phelps). Lawyer for John D. Rockefeller during an 1888 Trust investigation of the Senate of New York State. Served on other occasions as attorney for the Rockefeller family. President of the 1892 Constitutional Convention working close with later Pilgrim Elihu Root. President of the New York state constitutional convention in 1894. Successfully challenged the Income Tax Act of 1894 (saw it was Communist). Candidate for the Republican senatorial nomination against Senator Thomas C. Platt in 1897. Ambassador to Britain 1899-1905, and very popular in this country. One of the US representatives at the second Peace Congress at the Hague in 1907. Here the United States failed in its effort to secure the establishment of a world court. Long time friend of Skull & Bones, Pilgrims Society, and Corsair Club member Chauncey M. Depew. Choate also was a member of Morgan's elite Corsair Club, just as William Rockefeller. Identified as a president of the Pilgrims of the United States in 1913. In December 1914 the National Security League was founded to support universal military training, military preparedness, patriotism, and the extermination of values which were "un-American." The energy displayed by war advocates was often misdirected against anyone suspected of unpatriotic actions, words, or even thoughts. Intense anti-German feeling swept the state and nation. It became unpopular, if not unpatriotic, to play German music, to speak or read German. Enrollment in German courses in the University dropped from 1,300 to 150. In the name of the National Security League, Van Tyne attacked University employees suspected of pacifism, disloyalty, or "subversive" thought. Many citizens of German descent suffered from suspicion and anti-German propaganda. ... The NSL was a public service organization founded in 1914 to lobby for increased and improved preparation for America's defense from enemies at home and abroad... The national security state was built from blueprints drawn by the leaders of the NSL during the First World War. the National Security League was launched, funded by U.S. Steel, the Rockefeller oil companies, and others concerned with national defense. This League of bankers and industrialists, including Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, Coleman du Pont and H.H. Rodgers of Standard Oil, promoted increases in arms production and universal military training. By 1917, they had helped build war hysteria to a fever pitch. Soon after WWI and the Russian revolution, many among America’s wealthy elite felt threatened by rising radicalism, particularly among unions. In April 1919, letter bombs, destined for John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan and others, were supposedly discovered in the U.S. postal system. The media quickly stirred up a massive Red Scare by blaming unions, communists, anarchists and foreign agitators. John Spivak says: “Trade unions were openly disbelieving and denounced with anger the so-called discoveries as a deliberate frame-up to provide excuses for more raids against organized labour” (A Man in His Time, 1967). This incident and others were used as pretexts for the Palmer Raids, during which the government rounded up more than ten thousand activists across the country. Served as honorary president. The first acting president was Robert Bacon, a partner in J.P. Morgan. A Rockefeller attorney. Ambassador to Britain 1899-1905. U.S. delegate to the International Peace Conference at The Hague in 1907. Attended a 1908 Pilgrim meeting. Used to be a member of J.P. Morgan's elite Corsair Club.
Christopher, Warren M.		1925-alive	Studied law at Stanford, deputy attorney general under President Lyndon Johnson, deputy secretary of state under President Jimmy Carter (he was the chief American negotiator in the 1981 talks that ended the Iranian hostage crisis), director Council on Foreign Relations 1982-1987, vice-chairman Council on Foreign Relations 1987-1991, Stanford University trustee, Secretary of State 1993-1997 (particularly involved in seeking Arab-Israeli peace agreements and in negotiating a peace in Bosnia), chairman of the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department, director of Chevron-Texaco, Lockheed, Southern California Edison and First Interstate Bancorporation. Anno 2005, Chairman of the Carnegie Corporation in New York.
Chrysler, Walter Percy		1875-1940	Founder of the Chrysler Corporation (now part of DaimlerChrysler A.G.). He began as a machinist’s apprentice and rose within the industry to become vice president in charge of operations at General Motors in 1919. In 1920 he undertook the reorganization of the Willys Overland and Maxwell companies. In 1924 he brought out the first Chrysler car and within a short time he made the company one of the largest automobile manufacturers.
Church, Elihu	hon. secretary	unknown	Multimillionaire, rose to a major during WWI, engineer of Transportation of the Port Authority of New York.
Churchill, Sir Winston		1874-1965	The son of Lord Randolph Churchill, who was (very) close to Nathaniel de Rothschild, and an American mother. He was educated at Harrow and Sandhurst. After a brief but eventful career in the army, he became a Conservative Member of Parliament in 1900. Invested into the Albion Lodge of the Ancient Order of Druids on August 15, 1908. He held many high posts in Liberal and Conservative governments during the first three decades of the century. At the outbreak of the Second World War, he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty - a post which he had earlier held from 1911 to 1915. In May 1940, he became Prime Minister and Minister of Defence and remained in office until 1945. As opposed to many other influential businessmen and politicians Churchill did not want peace with Germany. On January 27, 1942 during Parliamentary debates at the House of Commons Churchill confirmed: "We have also to remember how oddly foreigners view our country and its way of doing things. When Rudolf Hess flew over here some months ago he firmly believed that he had only to gain access to certain circles in this country for what he described as "the Churchill clique" to be thrown out of power and for a Government to be set up with which Hitler could negotiate a magnanimous peace." On 15 June 1942, Churchill suggested that British bombers wipe out three German villages for every one Czech settlement destroyed. Was of the opinion that top Nazis should be summarily executed without being tried. He took over the premiership again in the Conservative victory of 1951 and resigned in 1955. However, he remained a Member of Parliament until the general election of 1964, when he did not seek re-election. Queen Elizabeth II conferred on Churchill the dignity of Knighthood and invested him with the insignia of the Order of the Garter in 1953. Among the other countless honours and decorations he received, special mention should be made of the honorary citizenship of the United States which President Kennedy conferred on him in 1963. Chancellor of the University of Bristol 1929-1965. Usually spent winters at La Capponcina, owned by Lord Beaver-brook. Churchill's close friendship with Lord Beaverbrook is quite remarkable as the latter was a close friend to Rudolf Hess and Hitler who negotiated peace with them after their invasion of Europe. Churchill was responisble for killing that proposel.
Clarke, Sir Caspar Purdon		1846-1911	Architect, archaeologist and museum director, had been on purchasing expeditions on behalf of the Victoria and Albert Museum to Turkey, Syria, Greece, Spain, Italy and Germany. He spent two years as a special commissioner in India, which is when he acquired the Hamzanama (painting of an uncle of the prophet Muhammed).
Clarkson, Robert		unknown	Royal Globe Insurance Group in the first part of the 20th century. All the information available.
Clews, James B.		unknown	Stayed at the Waldorf-Astoria. All the information available.
Clover, Richardson		1846-1919	In 1897-1898 he was chief of the Office of Naval Intelligence; member of the Board on Construction of Vessels, 1897-1899; member War and Strategy board, 1898; commanded U.S.S. Bancroft, May 1, 1898, until end of Spanish-American War; served as Naval Attaché in London, 1900-1903; commanded as Rear Admiral, the U.S.S. Wisconsin, Asiatic region, 1904-1905; and served as president of the Board of Inspection, 1906-1908.
Coleman, Charles P.		born 1865	Lehigh Valley Railroad (Vanderbilt and Rockefeller ownership), director American-Russian Chamber of Commerce from its founding in 1922. Father of Leighton H. Coleman.
Coleman, Leighton Hammond		unknown	Emeritus director of RJ. Reynolds Industries. Son of Charles P. Coleman.
Coleshill, Lord Vincent of		1931-alive	Richard (Dick) Vincent was born in London in 1931 and educated at Aldenham and The Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham. His command appointments have included a battery in the Commonwealth Brigade in Malaysia, Regimental Command in Germany and the United Kingdom (with an operational tour in Northern Ireland), Command of an Infantry Brigade and, as a Major General, Commandant of the Royal Military College of Science. Starting in 1983, Lord Vincent served for four years on the Army Board as the member responsible for the acquisition of new land weapon systems and equipment and he took up his first Chief of Staff appointment as Vice Chief of the Defence Staff in 1987. In this latter appointment he was directly involved in initiating high level military contacts with the former Soviet Union, where he travelled widely in response to the Gorbachev reforms. Lord Vincent was promoted Field Marshal and appointed Chief of Defence Staff in April 1991. He was then elected to the NATO appointment of Chairman of the Military Committee from 1993 to 1996 at a time when The Alliance forged closer relationships with the nations of central and eastern Europe and became increasingly involved with operations in former Yugoslavia, ultimately launching the NATO led IFOR operation in 1995. In addition to his military qualifications, he holds a DSc (Hons) from Cranfield University, is a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Royal Aeronautical Society, Imperial College London and The City and Guilds of London Institute. He is a Freeman of the City of London, a Freeman of the Worshipful Company of Wheelwrights, an Aldenham School Governor and a Governor of the Ditchley Foundation. He is a member of the Jordanian Order of Merit and the United States Legion of Merit in the rank of Commander. Since finishing his full-time military career in 1996, he has been created a life peer and held the appointment of Master Gunner, St James's Park until 2001. He is also Chairman of the Council of Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Chairman of Insys Limited (formerly Hunting Defence Limited), and a Director of Vickers Defence Systems. He became President of The Defence Manufacturers Association in 2000 (Vice-President 1996) and President of the Council of University Military Education Committees in 1999. In 1998 he became Chancellor of Cranfield University and is President of the Cranfield Trust and Patron of the INSPIRE Charity Foundation. He is a Member of The Pilgrims. Has received the Order of the British Empire and is a Knight Commander of the British Empire. Today he is a Chancellor of Cranfield University.
Collier, Barron Gift		1873-1939	One of the founders of INTERPOL and largest landowner in Florida, for whom is named Collier County. Collier senior was chairman of Police Magazine; special police commissioner for New York, 1922-1928; treasurer, American Electric Railway Association, director, Empire Trust Company; Baltimore Commercial Bank; Bank of the Everglades; Florida Trust & Banking Company; Waldorf Astoria Incorporated; First National Bank of Arcadia, Florida; Inter-County Telephone & Telegraph Company; Manhattan Mercantile Corporation; Florida Railroad & Navigation Corporation; Florida Gulf Coast Hotels; Street Railways Advertising Company; and others. Collier was a governor of the George Washington/Sulgrave Institution and chaired the executive committee of James Monroe Memorial Association and Foundation.
Collins, Richard Henn		1842-1911	One of the leading judges at turn of the century. Justice of the Court of Appeals, Supreme Court of the Judicature, and member of the Privy Council. Master of the Rolls from 1901 to 1907.
Collins, Robert Moore		born 1867	A reporter for several important newspapers and worked as an editor in the Washington and New York offices of the Associated Press. He did chiefly political work for the Associated Press. He was the chief newsman for Reuters and the Associated Press for many stories coming out of the Orient.
Connelly, Joan Breton			A.B. in 1976 (Classics) from Princeton University. M.A. in 1979 of Bryn Mawr College and a Ph.D. in 1984 (Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology). Affiliations: Society for the Preservation of the Greek Heritage, Trustee; Society of Anitquaries of London; Royal Geographical Society, Explorers Club; Society of Women Geographers; Archaeological Institute of America; Cyprus American Archaeological Research Institute (former trustee); Oxford Philological Society; Pilgrims of the United States. Fellowships/Honors: Honorary Citizenship, Peyia Municipality, Republic of Cyprus; Lillian Vernon Chair for Teaching Excellence, New York University; Appointed to the United States Cultural Property Advisory Committee by President George W. Bush, (February 2003); John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship; Visiting Fellowships All Souls College, Magdalen College and New College, Oxford; Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Fellowship; New York University Presidential (Mellon) Fellowship; New York University Golden Dozen Teaching Award; Metropolitan Museum of Art Classical Fellowship and Norbert Schimmel Fellowship.
Corbin, Henry Clark		1842-1909	Was a Northern Civil War combatant as a brigadier General of volunteers. He was detailed for duty in March 1877 at the Executive Mansion (White House) and was secretary of the Sitting Bull Commission. According to page 260 of the 1897-1942 Who Was Who, Corbin was "with President Garfield at the time he was shot and at his bedside at Elberon, where he died. In recognition of his services, and the part he took in war with Spain, Congress conferred upon him the rank of major General commanding the Atlantic Division, 1904."
Cornwallis, Lord		1892-1982	Knight of the British empire, directly descended from the original Lord Charles Cornwallis (1738-1805), who invaded America at the direction of the British Crown and fought many battles, some directly against George Washington. (Although he seemed to have opposed the heavy taxes England imposed on the Colonies) The most recent (3rd) Baron Cornwallis is Fiennes Neil Wykeham Cornwallis, born in 1921. The name on the Pilgrim probably referred to the second Baron Cornwallis.
Coudert, Frederic René		1832–1903	His father fled France during the revolution to escape the guillotine. Coudert and his brothers founded Coudert Brothers LLP in 1853 in NY. It would become a powerful law firm, which would still exist anno 2005. Coudert became a leading figure in New York’s legal, social and diplomatic circles. It is believed that he twice turned down appointments to the Supreme Court of the United States. He is also credited with helping to bring the Statue of Liberty to New York Harbor, raising funds and intervening to smooth over diplomatic entanglements. Today the firm has 27 offices in 18 countries.
Coudert, Frederic René, Jr.		1898-1972	Attended Browning and Morristown Schools in New York City; was graduated from Columbia University in 1918 and from its law school in 1922; served as a first lieutenant in the One Hundred and Fifth United States Infantry, Twenty-seventh Division, with overseas service, in 1917 and 1918; was admitted to the bar in 1923 and commenced practice in New York City; assistant United States attorney for the southern district of New York in 1924 and 1925; unsuccessful Republican candidate for district attorney of New York County in 1929; delegate to the Republican State conventions from 1930 to 1948; delegate to the Republican National Conventions 1936-1948; member of the State senate 1939-1946; elected as a Republican to the Eightieth and to the five succeeding Congresses (1947-1959); was not a candidate for renomination in 1958 to the Eighty-sixth Congress; engaged in the practice of law in New York City; member of State Commission on Governmental Operations of the city of New York 1959-1961; retired from the practice of law due to ill health and resided in New York City, where he died May 21, 1972.
Coudert, Alexis Carrel		1914-1980	Kid brother of Frederic Coudert Jr. Law clerk at the U.S. Supreme Court 1938-1939. Law professor at Columbia University. Director of French-American Banking Corporation, Peugeot Motors, Pellon Corporation, Unity Fire & General Insurance, and Planned Parenthood of Manhattan. 25 year managing partner of the Coudert Brothers.
Crankshaw, Sir Eric Norman Spencer		1885-1966	Army Lieutenant-Colonel, secretary of the Government Hospitality Fund, Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. Heavily involved with British empire building surrounding WWII. He met with many Pilgrims and organized some dinner parties.
Cromwell, William Nelson		1854-1948	Prominent lawyer in New York, accountant with the New York law firm of Algernon S. Sullivan, partner in Sullivan and Cromwell 1879, established the William Nelson Cromwell Foundation. Could be one of the direct descendant of Oliver Cromwell, who is said to have been sponsored by the money changers in western Europe to take the throne of England in 1649.
Crossley, Sir Julian	hon. treasurer	1899–1971	Long-time chairman of the Barclay’s Bank.
Crowe, William J., Jr.		1925-alive	At the beginning of the Great Depression, Crowe's father moved the family to Oklahoma City. Crowe's Naval career began at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, from which he graduated in 1947. From 1954 to 1955 he served as Assistant to the Naval Aide of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. From 1956 to 1958 Crowe served as Executive Officer of the submarine USS Wahoo. In 1958 he served as an aide to the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations. In 1960 Crowe took command of USS Trout, homeported in Charleston, South Carolina, and served as Commanding Officer of that boat until 1962. From there, Crowe earned a Master's Degree and Ph.D. from Princeton University, returning to service in 1966 to take command of Submarine Division 31, homeported in San Diego, California. Appointed Senior Adviser to the Vietnamese Navy Riverine Force in 1970. Promoted to Rear Admiral and made Deputy Director, Strategic Plans, Policy, Nuclear Systems and NSC Affairs Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations in 1973. Director, East Asia and Pacific Region, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense 1975-1976. Commander Middle East Force 1976-1977. Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Plans and Policy 1977-1980. Commander in Chief, Allied Forces, Southern Europe 1980-1983. Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command 1983-1985. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1985-1989. Chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board 1993-1994. Ambassador to the United Kingdom 1994-1997. Chairman of two Accountability Review Boards charged with investigating the bombings of the embassies in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam 1998-1999. He has sat on the Boards of Texaco, Merrill Lynch, Pfizer, Norfolk Southern Corporation, General Dynamics, and GlobalOptions, Inc. At present, Crowe serves as the Chairman of the Board of Visitors for the International Programs Center of Oklahoma University. Member of the Council on Foreign Relations' Task Force on Emergency Responders. Received the Medal of Freedom.
Cullman, Hugh		unknown	Unconfirmed Pilgrim, but his cousin is. Hugh has been vice chairman of Philip Morris Company, director of United Virginia Bancshares, president Richmond Corp., the Foreign Policy Association, and the International Chamber of Commerce.
Cullman, Joseph F. III		unknown	Trustee Bank of England 1958-1970, president and CEO Philip Morris Company (sixties), director Ford Motor Company, IBM, Bankers Trust Company and others. Cullman is well-known for stating categorically "I do not believe that cigarettes are hazardous to one's health", which he said in a 1971 interview after the TV tobacco advertising ban was begun. He is a member of the Peace Parks foundation.
Curzon, Lord George		1859-1925	A brilliant student, at Eton College he won a record number of academic prizes before entering Oxford University in 1878. He was elected president of the Oxford Union in 1880 and although he failed to achieve a first he was made a fellow of All Souls College in 1883. A member of the Conservative Party, Curzon was elected MP for Southport in 1886. It was a safe Tory seat and Curzon neglected his parliamentary duties to travel the world. This material provided the material for Russia in Central Asia (1889), Persia and the Persian Question (1892) and Problems of the Far East (1894). In November, 1891, Marquis of Salisbury appointed Curzon as his secretary of state for India. Curzon lost office when Earl of Rosebery formed a Liberal Government in 1894. After the 1895 General Election, the Conservative Party regained power and Curzon was rewarded with the post of under secretary for foreign affairs. Three years later the Marquis of Salisbury granted him the title, Baron Curzon of Kedleston, and appointed him Viceroy of India. Curzon introduced a series of reforms that upset his civil servants. He also clashed with Lord Kitchener (Freemasonry grand master), who became commander-in-chief of the Indian Army, in 1902. Arthur Balfour, the new leader of the Conservative Party, began to have doubts about Curzon and in 1905 he was forced out of office. Curzon returned to England where he led the campaign against women's suffrage in the House of Lords. In 1908 he helped establish the Anti-Suffrage League and eventually became its president. In 1916 the new prime minister, David Lloyd George, invited Curzon into his War Cabinet. Curzon served as leader of the House of Lords but refused to support the government's decision to introduce the 1918 Qualification of Women Act. Despite Curzon's objections, it was passed by the Lords by 134 votes to 71. Curzon was appointed foreign secretary in 1919 and when Andrew Bonar Law resigned as prime minister in May, 1923, Curzon was expected to become the new prime minister. However, the post went to Stanley Baldwin instead. He continued as foreign secretary until retiring from politics in 1924.
Cutting, Robert Fulton		1852-1934	Chairman City & Suburban Homes Co., surrounded by other Pilgrims in daily life.
Davis, John William		1873-1955	Democratic congressman from West Virginia 1911-1913. U. S. Solicitor general 1913-1918. Ambassador to Great Britain 1918-1921. Present at the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference. President of the American English-Speaking Union. Chairman Davis, Polk and Wardwell law firm (clients included J.P. Morgan and Company, and U.S. Steel). Founding president of the Council on Foreign Relations 1921-1933. Other founders of the CFR were Elihu Root and Paul Warburg. Director Council on Foreign Relations 1933-1955. Rejected appointment to the U.S. Supreme Court 1922. Democratic presidential candidate 1924. President of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York 1931-1932. Director American Telephone & Telegraph. Trustee Rockefeller Foundation. Davis supported the Crusaders, which was one of the Fascist front groups trying to overthrow FDR and his New Deal. The main organization was American Liberty League. He was also a main organizer of the anti-New Deal Liberty league against FDR.
Davison, Henry Pomeroy		1867-1922	Jekyll Island meeting 1910. His son was in the Skull & Bones class of 1920, just as a couple of other members of the Davison family. This family is intermarried with the Aldrich, Rockefeller, Peabody and Stillman family (all Pilgrims). Involved with the Red Cross during WWI and received at least one 2 million dollar donation from co-Pilgrim George F. Baker.
Dawes, Charles G.	exec. committee	1865-1951	Comptroller of the Currency 1897-1901, organized the Central Trust Company of Illinois at Chicago in 1902, chairman of the General Purchasing Board of the Allied Expeditionary Forces during World War I (decided who got the contracts), the 1924 Dawes plan to save Germany's economy from total collapse was named after him, Nobel Peace Prize 1925, vice President of the United States 1925-1929, ambassador to Great Britain 1929-1932, chairman Reconstruction Finance Corporation starting in 1932
Dean, Arthur Hobson		1898-1987	John Dulles' Law Partner in Sullivan & Cromwell. Special Ambassador to Korea (1953-1954). Director Council on Foreign Relations 1955-1972. Attended the 1957 Bilderberg meeting. Chairman of the U.S. Delegation on Nuclear Arms Testing, Geneva, Switzerland in 1962. Vietnam War hawk. Member of Committee for An Effective and Durable Peace in Asia. New York Social Register. Century Club. Pacific Union Club. Member of the Foreign Policy Association. Director of the UN Association and Lazard Funds, Inc. Trustee Carnegie Foundation. Director or trustee of the Japan Society.
Debs, Richard A.		alive	CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; member of the FED's Federal Open Market Committee; Founding president of Morgan Stanley International and continues as a member of its International Advisory Board; vice chairman of the US Saudi Arabian Business Council; chairman and a member of the New York Stock Exchange International Committee; member of the Group of Thirty; U.S. chairman of the Bretton Woods Commission; served as an advisor to the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and the Russian American Bankers Forum; trustee of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; chairman of the Board of Trustees of the American University of Beirut until 2005 (joined in the board in 1976); chairman emeritus of Carnegie Hall, where he continues to serve on the Executive Committee, and a trustee of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Institute of International Education, Federation of Protestant Welfare Agencies, and director of several international business and financial corporations. Trustee of the Institute of International Education; He is also a member of the Economic Club of New York, Japan Society, American Council on Germany, and Council on Foreign Relations. He was a Fulbright Scholar in Egypt and a Ford Foundation Fellow, and holds a PhD from Princeton, a JD from Harvard Law School and an AMP from the Harvard Business School.
Depew, Chauncey Mitchell	co-founder & exec. committee	1834-1928	Yale Skull & Bones 1856. Admitted to the bar in 1858. United States Minister to Japan. Twice elected U.S. senator from New York. Colonel and judge advocate of the fifth division of the New York National Guard 1873-1881. President of the New York Central & Hudson River railroad 1885-1899 and it's later chairman. Co-founder Pilgrim Society. Member of J.P. Morgan's elite Corsair Club.
Dillon, Clarence		1882-1979	Son of a Polish Jew. Harvard. Studied the methods of the money changers as Rothschild and Morgan. Together with James Forrestal he set up Foreign Securities Corporation in 1915 to finance the French Government’s purchases of munitions in the United States. Established National Cash Register. Bought Dodge Brothers. Saved Goodyear from bankruptcy. Bought a majority interest in William A. Read & Company in 1916. Asked by Bernard Baruch (a very important banker at the time), chairman of the War Industries Board, to become his assistant chairman at the War Industries Board. Changed the name of W.A. Read & Company into Dillon, Read & Company in 1920. James Forrestal joined Dillon, Read & Company in 1923. General William H. Draper Jr. joined the firm in 1926 and described Forrestal already as the #2 man, right below Dillon. In January 1926, Dillon Read created the German Credit and Investment Corporation in Newark, New Jersey and Berlin, Germany. That same year, Dillon Read created the Vereinigte Stahlwerke (German Steel Trust), incorporating the Thyssen family interests under the direction of New York and London finance. Thyssen, together with banker Hjalmar Schacht, were the first major sponsors of Hitler. At the same time, Prescott Bush and the Harrimans, friends of Dillon, set up the Union Banking Corporation with Thyssen. William H. Draper, Jr. was made director, vice president, and assistant treasurer of the German Credit and Investment Corp. His business was short-term loans and financial management tricks for Thyssen and the German Steel Trust. Clarence Dillon was brought before the 1932-1934 Pecora Commission, which was established to investigate the causes of the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The Dillon Read investment bank, which would become one of the largest of its time, was one of the companies that made large loans to Nazi Germany in the 1930s. Nicholas Brady, a Knight of Malta and Bohemian Grove camp Mandalay visitor, joined Dillon, Read & Company in 1954, eventually rising to the chairmanship under C. Douglas Dillon. In 1957, Fortune Magazine listed Dillon as one of the richest men in the United States, with a fortune then estimated to be from $150 to $200 million.
Dillon, Clarence Douglas		1909-2003	Son of the above Nazi trader Clarence Dillon and grandson of a Polish Jew. Born on a business trip in Geneva. At the Pine Lodge School in Lakehurst, N.J., Dillon's schoolmates included Nelson, Laurance and John Rockefeller III. Went to Harvard and graduated in 1931. In 1931 his father gave him $185,000 to buy a seat on the New York Stock Exchange. Director of United States & Foreign Securities Corporation and the United States & International Securities Corporation 1937-1953. Director of Dillon Read & Company 1937-1938, a company deeply involved with the Nazi trade at that moment. Became vice president of Dillon Read & Company in 1938. Served in the Navy during WWII. Chairman of Dillon Read & Company since 1946, but left after a short period. Trustee Harvard University's Board of Overseers 1952-1958 and served a while as its president. US Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to France 1953-1957. Nicholas Brady, a Knight of Malta and Bohemian Grove camp Mandalay visitor, joined Dillon, Read & Company in 1954, eventually rising to the chairmanship under C. Douglas Dillon. Again chairman of Dillon Read & Company 1960-1985. United States treasury secretary 1961-1965. Director Council on Foreign Relations 1965-1976. His daughter became Princess Joan de Luxembourg, after having married Prince Charles of Luxembourg in 1967. Charles was a son of Felix of Bourbon, Prince of Parma (direct descendant of Henri IV; president of the Luxembourg Red Cross between 1923 and 1932 and again between 1947 and 1969). Chairman Brookings Institution 1968-1975. Chairman Rockefeller Foundation 1971-1975. Vice-chairman Council on Foreign Relations 1976-1978. Trustee Metropolitan Museum of Art 1977-1983. Member Atlantic Council of the United States. Member Royal Institute for International Affairs. Director Chase Manhattan Bank and American Telephone & Telegraph. Owner of France’s Haut-Brion vineyards. Received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1989.
Dilworth, Joseph Richardson		1916-1997	Yale Skull & Bones 1938, chairman of Rockefeller Center, Rockefeller Family & Associates since 1958, director Chase Manhattan Bank, International Basic Economy Corporation, Selected Risk Investments, R.H. Macy, Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Omega Fund and Diamond Shamrock Corporation, trustee of both Yale University and Rockefeller University, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Dinkey, Alva Clymer		1866-1931	From water boy in the steel mills to self-made millionaire, first job was in the Edgar Thompson Works, one of the plants of the Carnegie Steel Company, became a telegraph operator, a machinist and electrician, president of the Carnegie Steel Company 1903-1915, president of the Midvale Steel Company at Nicetown.
Dorrance, John Thompson, Jr		died 1989	Chairman of Campbell Soup Corporation (founded by his father). Today he and his family are multimillionaires and billionaires.
Douglas, Donald		1892-1981	Donald Wills Douglas, the second son of an assistant cashier of the National Park Bank, was born in Brooklyn, New York, April 6, 1892, and started his education at Trinity Chapel School in New York City. At the age of 17, Donald Douglas entered the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis where he spent much of his time building and testing model airplanes. Left the Naval Academy in 1912. He soon realized he needed to learn more about his chosen career field and completed the four-year bachelor of science program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in only two years. Because of his academic performance, Douglas was immediately hired at MIT as an assistant professor in aeronautics. Worked for different aircraft companies. Eventually, in 1921, he founded Douglas Aircraft, which became a world leader in the aircraft building industry. In 1932, he started building the DC-1 and launched his career as a builder of transports. By 1940, sales of DC-2 and DC-3 transports and their military derivatives rose to nearly $61 million. Co-founder of the RAND Corporation in 1948, a not-for-profit private institute created out of Douglas Aircraft. Produced some 45,000 aircraft in WWII. Donald Wills Douglas Sr. was company president until 1957, when his son, Donald Douglas Jr., took over that position. Donald Douglas Sr. remained chairman of the board. At the age of 75, on April 28, 1967, Douglas merged his company with the McDonnell Aircraft Company and retired. He remained honorary chairman of the McDonnell Douglas board until his death on Feb. 1, 1981.
Douglas, Lewis Williams		1894-1974	Fought in WWI in the artillery from 1917 to 1919, instructor of history at Amherst College in 1920, engaged in mining and general business, member of the Arizona State house of representatives 1923-1925, elected as a Democrat to the Seventieth Congress, reelected to the three succeeding Congresses 1927-1933, director of the budget by President Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933-1934, vice president and member of the board of a chemical company 1934-1938, principal and vice chancellor of McGill University, Montreal, Canada 1938-1939, president of an insurance company 1940-1947, director Council on Foreign Relations 1940-1964, chairman of the board on leave of absence 1947-1959, deputy administrator of the War Shipping Administration 1942-1944, United States Ambassador to Great Britain 1947-1950, director General Motors Corporation 1944-1965, chairman and director, Southern Arizona Bank & Trust Company 1949-1966, appointed by the President to head Government Study of Foreign Economic Problems in 1953, member, President’s Task Force on American Indians 1966-1967, director International Nickel Company of Canada, director Continental Oil Company. His daughter, Sharman Douglas, supposedly had a 2-year lesbian affair with Queen Elizabeth II's younger sister, Princess Margaret Windsor. She also married Pilgrim Andrew Hay from 1968 to 1977.
Drum, Hugh Aloysius		1879-1951	Graduated from Boston College in 1898. Joining the Army, he was made a second lieutenant in the 12th infantry. Climbing quickly up the ranks, he became assistant Chief of Staff to General Pershing in France. In 1918 he was promoted to colonel, and became Chief of Staff of the First Army, AEF. Following the war Colonel Drum was engaged in various military schools. He was promoted to Major General by 1931 and sent to Honolulu to serve as commander. In 1940 he was promoted to Lieutenant General in charge of the New York national guard. From 1944 until his death, he was the president of Empire State Inc. During his career he was awarded the Silver Star, Distinguished Service Medal, and the Croix de Guerre.
Duke, James Buchanan		1856-1925	James Buchanan Duke goes to New York to develop the new industry of pre-rolled, packaged cigarettes. He establishes the American Tobacco Company with money from New York city financiers, especially Oliver Payne (advisor - intermarried with the Whitneys) and William Collins Whitney (Skull & Bones 1863 - comes from a family of Pilgrims) and starts buying out the competition. Duke made a deal with British Tobacco companies not to invade the European market and the British promised not to invade the American market. This deal lasted until about 1901. In 1905, James Duke co-founded the Southern Power Company, now known as Duke Power, one of the companies making up Duke Energy, Inc. Within two decades, this company is supplying electricity to more than 300 cotton mills and various other factories, electric lines, and cities and towns primarily in the Piedmont region of North and South Carolina. In 1911, the United States Supreme Court orders the dissolution of the tobacco trust.
Duke, Angier Biddle		1915-1995	From the family who owns or owned the American Tobacco Company, Duke Power, Duke Endowment and Duke University. Angier has been ambassador to El Salvador 1952-1953, chief of protocol to JFK and LBJ, ambassador to Spain 1965-1968, Denmark 1968-1969, Vietnam 1973, and Morocco 1979-1981, chairman U.S.-Japan Foundation 1981-1986, became president of the Council of American Ambassadors in 1992, decorated by Great Britain, France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Morocco and Greece.
Dulles, John Foster		1888-1959	Brother of Allen W. Dulles; Princeton and George Washington University; Sullivan & Cromwell 1911-1916. Married Janet Pomeroy Avery in 1912. Special agent for the Department of State in Central America in 1917; Captain and Major in the United States Army Intelligence Service 1917-1918; assistant to chairman War Trade Board 1918; present at the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference; Rejoined Sullivan & Cromwell in 1919. Became senior partner in Sullivan & Cromwell in 1926. Polish Plan of Financial Stabilization 1927; American representative of the Berlin Debt Conferences 1933; member of the United States delegation to the San Francisco Conference on World Organization 1945; adviser to Secretary of State at Council of Foreign Ministers in London 1945; Moscow and London 1947 and Paris 1949; In 1945, Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference (at which Nelson Rockefeller played an important role), worked as adviser to Arthur H. Vandenberg, and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter. Representative to the General Assembly of the United Nations 1946-1950; chairman of the United States delegation in Paris 1948; trustee of Rockefeller Foundation; chairman of the board of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Deeply religious and a member of the Presbyterian Church. His son, Avery Dulles, joined the Society of Jesus in 1946 and became a priest in that order in 1956 (teaches and lectures regularly at Fordham University); member of the New York State Banking Board 1946-1949; Republican to the United States Senate July 7, 1949 to November 8, 1949; United States representative to the Fifth General Assembly of the United Nations 1950; In 1950, Dulles was co-founder of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA and served as its chairman for a while. Consultant to the Secretary of State 1951-1952; appointed Secretary of State by President Dwight D. Eisenhower 1953-1959. Together with Secretary of Defense Charles E. Wilson he advised Eisenhower on who to pick for the Jackson Committee in January 1953. This committee's recommendations transformed the Psychological Strategy Board to the Operations Coordinating Board (OCB). Seen as the strongest person in the Eisenhower cabinet. In 1956 Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal, Egypt (October-November 1956). However, by 1958 he was an outspoken opponent of President Gamal Abdel Nasser and stopped him from receiving weapons from the United States.
Dulles, Allen Welsh		1893-1969	Brother of John F. Dulles. Princeton up to 1916. Attended Cap & Gown events, according to Kay Griggs, just as Donald Rumsfeld, William Colby, Frank Carlucci, James Baker, George Griggs, and George P. Shultz (August 3, 2005, Rense). Sent to Bern, Switzerland to work under State Department senior Hugh Wilson (Skull & Bones 1909) to collect political information on Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire 1916-1918. Joins his older brother, John Foster Dulles (Pilgrim), and David Bruce (Pilgrim) as members of President Woodrow Wilson's staff at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919. Became a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell from 1927. Director of Schroder Co. Director Council on Foreign Relations 1927-1933. Secretary Council on Foreign Relations 1933-1944. In May 1941 he urges the U.S. to enter World War II. Recruited by OSS intelligence chief and Knight of Malta Colonel William J. Donovan 1941. Sets up and runs a spy post in Bern, Switserland 1942-1945. Vice-president Council on Foreign Relations 1944-1946. Said to have been involved in Operation Paperclip where about many German scientists and their families were secretly imported into the United States and placed into the Military-Industrial complex. President Council on Foreign Relations 1946-1950. Director Central Intelligence Agency 1953-1961. Member of President Johnson’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy 1963-1964 (forerunner of the Warren Commission). Primary United Fruit Company shareholder. Dulles International Airport in Washington, D.C. is named after him. Member of the Pilgrims Society and the Order of Malta. Seems to have been a member of the 'Knight's Templar' (together with Kermit Roosevelt and Frank Wisner), an elite intelligence group within the CIA.
Duncan, William Butler	president	1830-1912	Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, New York banker 1851-75, president of Great Western Insurance Company during the American civil war, sat together with J.P. Morgan on the Advisory Committee of Robinson & Cox (attorneys for United States Lloyds, one of the most powerful institutions of the City of London), the only American member of London's exclusive club, the Travelers (since 1868, when relations between the U.S. and England were strained over the Alabama claims), president and later chairman of the board of the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, didn't attend a 1908 Pilgrim dinner (as president) due to sickness.
Dunn, Gano	exec. committee	1870-1953	President American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1911- 1912, president J.G. White Engineering Corporation in 1913 (founded by a Pilgrim), member War Department Nitrate Commission 1916-1918, chairman State Department Special Committee on Submarine Cables 1918, chairman National Research Council 1923-1928, executive committee member World Power Conference 1936, director Guaranty Trust Company, Panhandle Eastern Pipeline Company and Radio Corporation of America and National Broadcasting Company, member U.S. Patent Office advisory committee, trustee Greenwich Savings Bank, trustee of Barnard College, consultant National Defense Committee, president of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science, vice-president of the Pan American Society of the U.S.
Du Pont, Lammot (Copeland)		1905-1983	Harvard, worked in the laboratory of the Fabrics and Finishings Department at DuPont’s Fairfield. In 1942 he replaced his father, Charles Copeland, on DuPont’s Board of Directors and was appointed to the Board’s Finance Committee. He served on the Development Department’s postwar planning board during World War II and became secretary in 1947. Copeland was named vice president and chair of the Finance Committee in 1954 and was appointed to the Executive Committee in 1959. Copeland served as DuPont’s 11th president from 1962 to 1967. Copeland retired as president in 1967. He remained as chairman of the Board of Directors until 1971 and continued to sit on the board until 1982. Du Pont was also a director of Wilmington Trust Company, a director of Christiana Securities, father in law to James Biddle, who married his daughter Louisa. James Biddle is a direct descendant of Nicholas Biddle, head of the British affiliated (Rothschild-Windsor) second Bank of the United States. The du Pont family was the largest funder of The American Liberty League, the main institute behind the 1934 fascist plot against FDR. Lammot, for example, donated at least 15.000 dollar to The American Liberty League and another 5.000 dollar to similar organisations.
Eells, Richard		unknown	Received A.B., M.A. and LL.D. degrees from Whitman College and Princeton University and is presently Professor of Business (Emeritus) at Columbia University, and Special Advisor to the President of Columbia University; also special advisor to the president of the New York Botanical Garden. During his past 15 years service at Columbia University he was Director of Studies of the Modern Corporation, adjunct professor of Business, and councillor to the Dean of Graduate School of Business. Previously, manager of Public Policy Research, General Electric Company (NYC) for ten years. Field director, Near East College Association (AUB and others). Following military service in the USAF, he was Chief of the Division of Aeronautics and Holder of the Guggenheim Chair of Aeronautics, The Library of Congress (Washington, D.C.). He has received grants from the Rockefeller Foundation and Sloan Foundation and has served as consultant to IBM, General Electric, Rockefeller Bros. Fund, and others. He is the author and co-author of fifteen books on corporate social policy matters (and spionage) and the editor of thirty-five volumes on business matters.
Ekblom, Harry E.		1915-alive	Retired as chairman and CEO of European-American Banking Corporation in 2002. He had been a member of the board since 1984. Partner in Ekblom & Ekblom LLC and president of Harry E. Ekblom & Co. Inc. He is the former vice chairman of A.T. Hudson & Co. Inc. Director Harris & Harris Group Inc.
Eliot, Ellsworth, Jr		1864-1945	Yale; joined the surgical staff of Presbyterian Hospital in 1893; he remained at the Hospital as an Attending Surgeon until 1918 and was thereafter consultant in surgery until his death. He was Chief of Surgery of Vanderbilt Clinic of P&S from 1895 to 1900 and at various times held surgical professorships at both P&S and the Cornell University Medical College.
William Phelps Eno		1858-1945	Yale Skull & Bones 1882. Director of the Central Trust Company of New-York. An American businessman responsible for many of the earliest innovations in road safety and traffic control. He is sometimes known as the "Father of traffic safety". Though automobiles were rare until Eno was an older man, horse-drawn carriages were already causing significant traffic problems in urban areas like Eno's home town of New York City.
Esher, Viscount Reginald		unknown	Usually described as "secretive" or "mysterious" together with "lot's of influence". Wrote confidential memoranda for Queen Victoria. Supposedly had bizarre sexual interests and stood in contact with the Rothschild family. A British statesman who stood in close contact with Pilgrim Henry Morgenthau Jr.'s father.
Evans, James H.		1920-alive	University of Chicago Law School, high positions at Reuben H. Donnelley Corp., Dun & Bradstreet Inc., and the Seamen's bank for Savings, in the navy during WWII, chairman 1965 Red Cross Campaign for Greater New York, chairman of the Union Pacific Corporation, director Citicorp, AT&T, Bristol-Myers, General Motors Corp. and Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., governor Foreign Policy Association, trustee Rockefeller Brothers Fund, University of Chicago and the American Youth Foundation, Bohemian Grove visitor.
Fairhaven, Lord		1896-1966	Had mining and railroad interests in the United States, which were created by his father. Much of the American fortune, which the 1st Lord Fairhaven inherited, was energetically deployed in the collection of works of art and the Abbey is now the permanent home of an outstandingly rich collection of furniture, pictures and art objects. Lord Fairhaven was also involved with landscape gardening.
Farish, William Stamps III		born 1939	Farish is an American millionaire. Owner of a trust company in Houston, Texas called W.S. Farish & Co. US Ambassador to the United Kingdom 2001-2004. Member of the Council of American Ambassadors. Horse-breeder. Chairman of Churchill Downs. Major Republican Party donor and a family friend of President George W. Bush for several decades. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Kentucky in 2003. When George Bush was elected vice president in 1980, Texas mystery man William Stamps Farish III took over management of all of George Bush's personal wealth in a "blind trust." Known as one of the richest men in Texas, Will Farish keeps his business affairs under the most intense secrecy. Only the source of his immense wealth is known, not its employment. Will Farish has long been Bush's closest friend and confidante. He is also the unique private host to Britain's Queen Elizabeth: Farish owns and boards the studs which mate with the Queen's mares. That is her public rationale when she comes to America and stays in Farish's house. On March 25, 1942, U.S. Assistant Attorney General Thurman Arnold announced that William Stamps Farish (grandfather of the President's money manager) had pleaded "no contest" to charges of criminal conspiracy with the Nazis. Farish was the principal manager of a worldwide cartel between Standard Oil of New Jersey and the I.G. Farben concern. The merged enterprise had opened the Auschwitz slave labor camp on June 14, 1940, to produce artificial rubber and gasoline from coal.
Faulkner, Sir Eric Odin		1914-1994	Educated at Bradfield and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, lieutenant-colonel of the Royal Artillery, chairman Union Discount Co. 1959-1970, chairman Glyn, Mills & Co., chairman of Lloyd’s Bank (City of London), governor Hudson's Bay Co., director of Vickers, advisory director of Unilever, negotiated with rebel Rhodesian leader Ian Smith in 1965 at the directions of the Prime-Minister of England, chairman British Bankers' Association 1972-1973 and 1980-1984, chairman Committee of London Clearing Bankers from 1972-1974, chairman Industrial Society 1973-1976, Order of the British Empire 1974, organized the formation of the City Communications Organisation in 1976 (City of London interests).
Field, Marshall		1834-1906	Owned Marshall Field & Company which had factories in the U.S., Europe, China and Australia. He owned stocks and bonds in about one hundred and fifty corporations, and he was a director of many. He owned many millions of bonds and stocks in railroads. The history of many of them reeked with thefts of public and private money; corruption of common councils, of legislatures, Congress and of administrative officials; land grabbing, fraud, illegal transactions, violence and oppression not only of their immediate workers, but of the entire population. He owned Baltimore & Ohio stock; Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe; Chicago & Northwestern, and tens of millions more of the stock or bonds of fifteen other railroads. He also owned an immense assortment of the stocks of a large number of trusts. The affairs of these trusts have been shown in court, at some time or other, as overflowing with fraud, the most glaring oppressions, and violations of law.
Flagler, Henry Morrison		1830-1913	His mother was from the Harkness family, worked at L.G. Harkness and Company, partner in the newly organized D. M. Harkness and Company in 1952, married married Mary Harkness in 1853, founded the Flagler and York Salt Company in 1862, the end of the Civil War caused a drop in the demand for salt and the Flagler and York Salt Company collapsed, bringing him heavily into debt, after borrowing money he reentered the grain business as a commission merchant and became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler start Standard Oil in 1870 (with a loan from National City Bank of Cleveland) and two years later it will dominate the US oil market, Flagler later goes into the railroad business and becomes the second largest land owner in Florida.
Folsom, Frank Marion		1894-1970	Born in Washington state in 1894. Enlisted in the Army in 1917 for duty during WWI. Following the war he used his natural salesman skills in a variety of retail positions. Vice president of Montgomery Ward 1933-1940. National Defense Advisory Commission 1940-1941. Chief procurement officer for the U.S. Navy at the Office of Production Management 1941-1943. Here he became a good friend of David Sarnoff. Involved with planning for the D-Day invasion until late 1943. Vice president of the Radio Corporation of America 1943-1949, which was owned by Sarnoff. After the war, Sarnoff wanted to introduce B&W television as soon as possible, and he put Frank Folsom in charge of marketing. The 630TS television was introduced in 1946 at a cost of $375. President of the Radio Corporation of America 1949-1957. During this time the major events that took place at RCA were the FCC's adoption of RCA's color TV standard, and RCA's marketing of color TV receivers starting with the CT-100 in 1954. Vice chairman and chairman of the RCA 1957-1961. Remained on the board of directors until his death in 1970.
Forbes, Malcolm Stevenson, Sr.		1917-1990	Son of the Forbes Magazine founder. A 1941 graduate of Princeton University. Publisher of Forbes magazine 1964-1990. Legendary for his lavish lifestyle, his private Capitalist Tool jet, his Highlander yachts, and huge art collection. Has a substantial collection of Harley Davidson motorbikes. Member of the Bohemian Grove and the Pilgrims Society. Member of the American Society of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem.
Forbes, Malcolm Stevenson "Steve", Jr.		1947-alive	Princeton. President and editor-in-chief Forbes Magazine. Director Americas Society. Lost the 1996 presidential nomination to Bob Dole. Lost the 2000 presidential nomination to George W. Bush.
Forbes, Christopher			Christopher Forbes received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Art History from Princeton University in 1972. Director of Forbes, Inc. since 1977. Corporate Secretary at Forbes 1981-1989. Appointed to the Board of Regents of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City. in 1987. Vice-chairman of Forbes Inc. since 1989. He is responsible for Forbes’ advertising and promotion departments. Director of Senesco Technologies since 1999 (genetech). Director of Raffles Holdings. Sits on the Boards of The New York Historical Society, The Newark Museum, The Business Committee for the Arts, The Brooklyn Museum, The Friends of New Jersey State Museum, The New York Academy of Art, The Victorian Society in America, The Princess Margarita Foundation and the Prince Wales Foundation. He is also a member of the Board of Advisors of The Princeton University Art Museum, a National Trustee of the Baltimore Museum of Art, and serves on the Advisory Committee of the Department of European Decorative Arts of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. Member of the Knickerbocker, The Century Association, The Brook, Essex Hunt, Grolier, American Society of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem.
Franklin, George S., Jr.		unknown	His father was a CFR director. Franklin Jr. attended Harvard University and was a roommate of David Rockefeller. Franklin was a Council on Foreign Relations executive director from 1953 to 1971. Franklin was the first secretary of the Atlantic Council of the United States, co-founded by Pilgrim Dean Acheson. Franklin was a co-founder of the Trilateral Commission in 1973, together with David Rockefeller, and became a secretary of this Commission in later years.
Fraser, Leon	exec. committee	born 1889	Law professor and trustee at Columbia University 1914-1917. Director NY Federal Reserve Bank. President of the First National Bank of New York. President of the Bank for International Settlements. Director of General Electric, U.S. Steel, and Mutual Life Insurance of New York. Director Council on Foreign Relations 1936-1945
Fréchette, Louise	Guest speaker	1946-alive	Received a Bachelor of Arts degree from College Basile Moreau. She earned a degree in history from the University of Montreal in 1970 and a post-graduate diploma in economic studies at the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium in 1978. Ms. Fréchette began her career in 1971 in Canada's Department of External Affairs. She was part of her country's delegation to the General Assembly in 1972, and then served as Second Secretary at the Canadian Embassy in Athens until 1975. From 1975 to 1977, Ms. Fréchette worked in the European Affairs Division in Canada's Department of External Affairs. Returning to Europe, she served as First Secretary at the Canadian Mission to the United Nations in Geneva from 1978 to 1982. During that period, she participated in a session of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in Madrid from November 1980 to July 1981. After serving as Deputy Director of the Trade Policy Division in the Department of External Affairs from 1982 to 1983, Ms. Fréchette became Director of the European Summit Division from 1983 to 1985. She received her first ambassadorship in 1985, serving as Canada's ambassador to Argentina with concurrent accreditation to Uruguay and Paraguay. Ms. Fréchette was named Assistant Deputy Minister for Latin America and the Caribbean in the Department of External Affairs and international trade in October 1988. In that capacity, she directed a review of Canada's relations with the region, which led to Canada's entry into the Organization of American States (OAS). In January 1991 she became Assistant Deputy Minister for Economic Policy and Trade Competitiveness. She served as Permanent Representative of Canada to the United Nations from 1992 to 1995. Deputy Minister of National Defence of Canada from 1995 to 1998. Became the first Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1998. Also chairs the steering committee on U.N. Reform and Management Policy. In 1998, she was appointed Officer of the Order of Canada. Spoke to the Canadian Institute of International Affairs in 1998. In 1999, when corruption in the oil-for-food program was rampant, Frechette intervened directly to stop United Nations auditors from forwarding their investigations to the U.N. Security Council. She and he assistant Iqbal Riza were hiding and shredding years of documents. In 2000 she attended a Bilderberg meeting. Gave a speech to the annual luncheon meeting of the Pilgrims of the United States in New York on April 25, 2001.
Funston, George Keith		1910-1992	A banker's son, he worked his way through Trinity College and Harvard Business School before becoming a salesman for American Radiator, and later, Sylvania. President Trinity College 1945-1951. President New York Stock Exchange 1951-1967. Chairman Olin Mathieson Chemical Co. 1967-1972. Director Illinois Central Industries, National Aviation Corporation, Putnam Trust Company, Chemical Bank, IBM, Metropolitan Life Insurance, Republic Steel, Winn Dixie Stores, Avco Corporation, Paul Revere Investors, and more.
Gallatin, Eugene		1881-1952	Great grandson of Albert Gallatin (1761-1849 - born in Geneva in an old noble family), who was a U.S. Treasury Secretary between 1801 and 1814. During the War of 1812, Albert made it possible for his associate, John Jacob Astor, to transport his furs across the battle lines. Albert also was a U.S. diplomat to England and France. Eugene Gallatin was a professional art collector.
Gardner, John W.		1912-2002	B.A. and M.A. in psychology from Stanford University, Ph.D. from the University of California, analyzed enemy propaganda broadcast to Latin America 1942-1943. Marine Corps and the OSS 1943-1945. Joined the Carnegie Corporation in 1946. President of the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching 1955-1965. Founder and chairman of Common Cause (lobby force of private citizens). Edited a volume of JFK's speeches and position papers. Presidential Medal of Freedom 1964. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare under LBJ 1965-1968. Chairman of the National Urban Coalition (group of leaders who came together to tackle the problems of race and poverty that underlay the nationwide riots of 1968). Governor Nelson Rockefeller asked Gardner to fill Kennedy's vacant Senate seat (he declined) 1968. Trustee Stanford University 1968-1982. Founder and chairman of Independent Sector 1980-1983 (lobby force of private citizens). Director Institute of Medicine. Member of The Scientific Advisory Board of the Air Force. Member of the Advisory Board of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Director or advisor of Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Rockefeller University, Shell Oil Company, American Airlines, the Enterprise Foundation and National Center for Action. Member Council on Foreign Relations. Founding member of the national advisory board of the Haas Center. John W. Gardner Center for Youth and Their Communities was established at Stanford University in 2000.
Gates, Thomas Sovereign, Jr.		1906-1983	Son of an investment banker. Graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1928 and joined the investment banking firm of Drexel and Company in Philadelphia. Became became a partner in 1940. Rose to the rank of lieutenant commander in the Navy 1940-1945. Under-secretary of the Navy 1953-1957. Secretary of the Navy 1957-1959. Secretary of defense 1959-1961, who authorized U-2 reconnaissance flights. Director and president Morgan Guaranty Trust Company 1961-1965. CEO and chairman of Morgan Guaranty Trust Company in 1965. Nixon appointed him chairman of the Advisory Commission on an All-Volunteer Force, which presented its influential report in November 1969. Ambassador to China 1976-1977. Member Council on Foreign Relations. Member Pilgrims Society. Member Bohemian Grove.
Gerard , James W.	vice-president	1867-1951	Lawyer, New York state Supreme Court justice 1908-1913 (Hearst's newspapers opposed his appointment), ambassador to Germany 1913-1917 and expelled when the submarine war against the U.S. began, treasurer of the Democratic National Committee 1914-1932, again New York state Supreme Court justice 1917-1921, delegate to Democratic National Convention from New York in 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1944 and 1948.
Giffard, Lord Hardinge Stanley		1825-1921	A leading barrister, politician and government minister, serving as Solicitor General and Lord Chancellor (1886-1892 and 1895-1905) of Great Britain. His lasting legacy was the compilation of a the complete digest of "Laws of England" (1905-1916), a major reference work published in many volumes and often called simply "Halsbury's". "Halsbury's Laws" was followed by a second multiple-volume reference work in 1929, "Halsbury's Statutes", and later by "Halsbury's Statutory Instruments". During the crisis over the Parliament Act of 1911, Halsbury was one of the principal leaders of the rebel faction of Tory peers that resolved on all out opposition to the government's bill. Giffard was also President of the Royal Society of Literature, Grand Warden of English Freemasons, and High Steward of the University of Oxford.
Gifford, Walter S.		1885-1966	Undergraduate from Harvard. President of American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) from 1925 to 1949. Videoconferencing was first introduced in 1926 when Walter S. Gifford used Video Teleconferencing to speak with the Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover. US Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1950-1953.
Gilman, Daniel Coit		1831-1908	Incorporated Skull & Bones into the Russell Trust, together with William Huntington Russell. American educator who worked for a long time at Yale. Established and became the first president of Johns Hopkins University in 1875-1876. Co-founded the Carnegie Institution of Washington with Andrew Carnegie in 1902 and became its first president until 1904.
Gilpatrick, Roswell L.		unknown	Deputy Secretary of Defense under Kennedy, special adviser to Kennedy and part of his "Special Group" (on Cuba), director CBS, trustee Rockefeller Brothers Fund, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Gordon, Albert Hamilton		1901-alive	Received his MBA at Harvard, one of the old banking titans, acquired the investment banking house of Kidder, Peabody & Co. in 1931 and chaired it until 1968, opened offices of this company in Hong Kong and Japan, director of Sloan Kettering Hospital, Paine Webber Inc., The Americas Society, and the New York Road Runners Club, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Gordon, Lord John Campbell		1847-1934	Descendant of one the most powerful Scottish families which gained prominence in the 12th century. The original Dukes of Aberdeen were likely of Anglo-Norman descent and have been involved for centuries with the kings and queens of Scotland and England. The 4th Earl of Aberdeen, a Privy Councilor and Knight of the Order of the Thistle, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1852 to 1855. Lord John Gordon, 7th Earl of Aberdeen, was educated at St Andrews and Oxford. High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 1881-1885. Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in 1886. Became a member of the Privy Council in 1886. Purchased the Coldstream Ranch, located in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, in 1891. Governor-General of Canada 1893-1898. Received the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in 1895. President of the Highland and Agricultural Society 1901-1902. Appeared on a 1903 membership list of the Pilgrims of Great Britain. Again Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland 1905-1915. Became a Knight of the Order of the Thistle in 1906. Received the Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) in 1911. Lord Rector of St Andrews University 1913-1916. Again a High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1915. Created 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair in 1916. Honorary chief of both the Six Nations and Blackfoot people.
Gould, Edwin		1866-1933	Jay Gould’s son (famous for being extremely cruel), chairman of the St. Louis & Southwestern Railroad which owned the Arkansas & Texas Railway, director Paragould & Southeastern Railway, director Bowling Green Trust Company, consolidated competition into the Diamond Match Company in 1899, member Jekyll Island Georgia Club, member of the Pilgrims of New York in 1903.
Gould, Samuel B.		1910-alive	M.A. degree from New York University 1936, during World War II he served as an officer in the Navy, president of Antioch College for five years, president Boston University for six years, first chancellor of the Santa Barbara State College 1959-1962, director of National Commercial Bank & Trust, American Council on Education, chairman of the Institute of Man and Science, chairman Research Foundation of the State University of New York, trustee John D. Rockefeller III Fund, Salk Institute Educational Records Bureau Kettering Foundation, and other positions.
Grace, J. Peter		1913-1995	Bachelor of Arts from Yale University in 1936, president and CEO of the chemical giant W.R. Grace & Co. 1945-1992 (also big in South-America), director Citibank, chairman of the Order of the Knights of Malta in the United States, chairman National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, president Catholic Youth Organization for the Archdiocese of New York, member Willard Garvey's International conference on privatizing education, chairman of the American Institute for Free Labor Development, involved in Project Paperclip 1945, trustee American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism 1950 (Pilgrim Heinz II also), involved with Radio Liberty and Radio Free Europe in which Fascists and the CIA were involved, chairman President’s Private Sector Survey on Cost Control (under Reagan), chairman Advisory Committee of AmeriCares 1982-1995 (involved with Bush, Brzezinski & Powell), director Friends of the Democratic Center in Central America (involved the Iran-Contra affair), member and governor Council for National Policy, member Council on Foreign Relations, member 1001 Club, member Newcomen Society.
Graham, William J.		1877-1963	News message about his death: William J. Graham, long a prominent actuary and outstanding insurance executive, died February 11, 1963, in Southside Hospital, Bay Shore, Long Island, at the age of 85. Mr. Graham's name became almost synonymous with the development of group insurance during the first half of the century. He was frequently re- ferred to as the, "Father of Group Insurance," for he played a key part in the 1911 discussions with the Montgomery Ward Company which led to the first of the modern forms of group insurance. From that point on, Mr. Graham crusaded for the use of group insurance in industry and commerce, and he was personally responsible for much of its spectacular growth and en- largement into the fields of annuities and health. Mr. Graham was born in Louisville, Kentucky, September 23, 1877. A graduate of Xavier College in Louisville, he also held an M.A. from St. Fran- cis Xavier College in New York. In 1938 he was awarded an honorary LL.D. from Hobart College. His mathematical aptitude early led him into the actuarial field. He be- came an Associate of the Actuarial Society of America at 21, and four years later became a Fellow. Later, he became a Charter Member of the Casualty Actuarial Society and an Associate of the British Institute of Actuaries. Mr. Graham started his insurance career as an actuary with the Sun Life Insurance Company of America (Louisville) in 1898, and from 1902 to 1905 he served on the actuarial staff of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. In 1905 his career gained considerable momentum through the service he rendered as consulting actuary (jointly with S. Herbert Wolfe) to the investi- gation of the life insurance companies of New York conducted by a group of state insurance departments. Almost simultaneously, he was invited to help reorganize the Northwestern National Life Insurance Company, which he served'as a vice-president, actuary, and director from 1905 to 1911. Mr. Graham joined the Equitable as western superintendent of agencies in 1911. When the Equitable established a Group Insurance Department the following year, he was made its superintendent. He thereafter rapidly rose, becoming vice president in 1929. He was elected a member of the Equitable's Board of Directors in 1937 and given charge of all agency activities, both group and ordinary. After more than 37 years of service with the Equitable, he retired on June 30, 1948, continuing, however, to serve on Equitablc's Board until December 31, 1958. Among Mr. Graham's innumerable writings was an insurance bestseller entitled The Romance of Life Insurance. Appearing first as a series of arti- cles in the 1908 issues of The World Today, it told a constructive story of life insurance which was much needed in those post-investigation days. Mr. Graham's broad human sympathies caused his interests to spread far beyond his employment and even beyond the insurance field. He headed the Insurance Institute of America and served as vice-president of the New York Chamber of Commerce; president of the American Management Association (which he helped to found); director of the American Arbitration Associa- tion; chairman of the Group Association; member of the Insurance Commit- tee of the United States Chamber of Commerce; governor of the National Industrial Conference Board; and a member of the New York Southern So- ciety. His New York club memberships included the Links, Nassau County, and the Pilgrims. He was also a member of the Pendennis Club in Louis- ville; the Royal Societies in London, England; and the Kentuckians. An imaginative, courageous, and dedicated master builder, Mr. Graham has left an indelible imprint not only on the insurance world, but on the social and economic life of our country. A hard taskmaster, he commanded and en- joyed great admiration, respect, and loyalty on all sides. His engaging, attrac- tive personality, and his endless drive and enthusiasm won him high praise not only as an expert technician but as one of the best all round salesmen in the insurance world. Mr. Graham is survived by a daughter, Mrs. William S. Adams, Jr., and four grandchildren.
Greenwood, Lord Hamar	chairman	1870-1948	1st Viscount Greenwood. Canadian-born Liberal member of parliament 1906-1922. Secretary of the Overseas Trade Department 1919-1920. Member Privy Council since 1920. Chief Secretary for Ireland 1920-1922. Conservative Member of parliament 1924-1929. Treasurer Conservative Party. Baron since 1929. Viscount since 1937. Director of one of England's greatest steel firms - Dorman, Long, and Company. President British Iron and Steel Federation 1938-1939.
Grenfell, Lord William Henry	chairman	1855-1945	Lord Desborough. Athlete, sportsman, and public servant. He filled almost all the offices in local government and local justice which were open to him in Berkshire and Buckinghamshire, and it has been calculated that at one time he was actually serving on no fewer than 115 committees, where his services were recognized as of real value. During the war of 1914-18 he was president of the Central Association of Volunteer Training Corps which passed more than a million men into the regular army and was eventually taken over by the War Office. In 1915 he represented the minister of munitions in France. Appointed chairman of the British Olympic Association in 1905. Chairman of the London Pilgrims 1919-1929. In 1921, he declined for family reasons, to become Governor-General of Canada.
Grenfell, Sir William (Max-Muller)		1867-1945	A British diplomat. This person was a member from the Grenfell family of Grenfell & Company, a British merchant bank, that merged with Morgan to become Morgan, Grenfell & Company. These days it still exists as Morgan Grenfell Asset Management, which is owned by Deutsche Bank. Pilgrim Lord Desborough was also a Grenfell.
Grey, Lord Edward	president	1862-1933	1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon. Educated at Winchester College and at Balliol College, Oxford. Elected to the House of Commons as a Liberal in 1885, having previously succeeded to his grandfather's baronetcy in 1882. He served under Lord Rosebery as Parliamentary Undersecretary for the Foreign Office in Gladstone's last government, from 1892 to 1895. During the Boer War (1899-1902), when the Liberals split between radical Pro-Boers and Liberal Imperialists, Grey stood decidedly on the side of the Imperialists like Rosebery and Herbert Henry Asquith. Foreign Secretary 1905-1916. In 1914, Grey played a key role in the crisis leading to the outbreak of World War I. His attempts to mediate the dispute between Austria-Hungary and Serbia by a "Stop in Belgrade" came to nothing due to the tepid German response, and when Germany declared war on France (3 August) and invaded Belgium (4 August), Grey was able to muster enough support to bring Britain into the war on August 4, 1914, despite initial radical wariness. In the early years of the war, Grey negotiated several important secret treaties, bringing Italy into the war (1915) and promising Russia the Turkish Straits. He maintained his position as Foreign Secretary when the Conservatives came into the government to form a coalition in May 1915, but when the Asquith government fell due to machinations between Lloyd George and the Tories, Grey went into opposition. Liberal Leader in the House of Lords in 1923-1924. Presided over a 1930 Pilgrims dinner attended by the international delegates of the London Naval Conference. He is probably best remembered for a remark he supposedly made to a friend one evening just before the outbreak of the First World War, as he watched the lights being lit on the street below his office: "The lamps are going out all over Europe; we shall not see them lit again in our lifetime."
Grosvenor, Gerald Cavendish		1951-alive	6th Duke of Westminster. His wife can be traced directly to the Russian Peter the Great. Personal fortune is estimated at 5 billion pounds. Chairman Grosvenor Group. Owns over 300 acres of the best property in downtown London, plus large land holdings in Canada, Australia, Hawaii and elsewhere. Possibly a partner of the Royal Bank of Scotland through the National Westminster Bank. Joined the Territorial Army in 1970 as a Private. After long service he became Honorary Colonel-in-Chief of several regiments, including The Royal Mercian and Lancastrian Yeomanry, and Colonel Commandant Yeomanry. In November 2003, he was honoured by the catholic Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George and the Royal Order of Francis I. Knight of the Order of the Garter. Knight of the Order of the British Empire. In 2004, he was appointed to the new post of Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets) with promotion to the rank of Major-General. He is the first reservist holding such rank since the 1930s. In 2005, he became chancellor of the University of Chester.
Guthrie, Lord		1938-alive	General Lord Guthrie of Craigiebank. Educated at Harrow School and went to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 1957. Commissioned into the Welsh Guards in 1959. Served with his Regiment as a young officer in the United Kingdom, Libya, Germany and Aden. Joined the SAS in 1966 and served in the Middle East, Malaysia and East Africa. Returned to the Welsh Guards in 1970 and for two years commanded an armoured infantry company in Germany. After a year as a student at the Staff College, he served in the Ministry of Defence as the Assistant to the Head of the Army, the Chief of the General Staff. Brigade Major of the Household Division 1975-1977. Commanded the Welsh Guards in Berlin and Northern Ireland 1977-1980. Appointed as a Colonel to the branch overseeing operations worldwide and during his time there became briefly the Commander British Forces New Hebrides (Vanuatu). In this function he recaptured the island of Espirito Santo, which had been taken over by insurgents. Awarded the Order of the British Empire in 1980. Appointed Commander of the 4th Armoured Brigade in Munster, West Germany, in 1981. Chief of Staff, Headquarters 1st British Corps in Bielefeld, early 1980s. Became the General Officer Commanding the 2nd Infantry Division and North East District in 1985. In 1986, he became Colonel Commandant of the Intelligence Corps. Knighted in 1990. Appointed Aide-de-Camp General to the Queen in 1993. Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath 1994. After a further tour in the Ministry of Defence he became in succession the Commander of the 1st British Corps, the Northern Army Group, the British Army of the Rhine before becoming the Chief of the General Staff and finally the Chief of the Defence Staff (1997-2001). CFR/MORI report 2001: "In his valedictory speech to the Pilgrims Society in London in May of this year, the outgoing Chief of the British Defence Staff, Field Marshall Lord Guthrie, stated that the USA was the most important ally Britain had ever had, and that NATO was its most important alliance." Became a Colonel of the Life Guards and Gold Stick to the Queen in 1999. Colonel Commandant of the SAS in 2000. Became Lord Guthrie of Craigiebank in June 2001. Special adviser to Aon Special Risks, the market leading Counter-Terrorism, Political Risks, Kidnap and Ransom insurance broker and risk consultant. Non-executive director of Advanced Interactive Systems Inc. and Colt Defense LLC. Joined N.M. Rothschild & Sons as a non-executive director at the latest in 2002. Annual visitor of the Trilateral Commission since 2002. Member of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London. Member of the steering committee of the Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS). Member of the European Council of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. In December 2002, Blair sent Lord Guthrie and Jack Straw to Turkey as an unofficial military envoy to shore up support for an invasion of Iraq and to discuss plans to remove Saddam Hussein from power. In November 2003, he was honoured by the catholic Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George and the Royal Order of Francis I. Became a non-executive special advisor of Aon Special Risks in 2004, a leading Counter-Terrorism, Political Risks and Kidnap and Ransom insurance broker and risk consultant. Freeman of the City of London. Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Patron of the Order of Malta's Care Trust. Patron of the (Catholic) Cardinal Hume Centre. Vice-president of the Trinity Institute for Christianity and Culture. Commander of the Legion of Merit USA. Member of the House of Lords. In May 2004, Guthrie said at a conference on terrorism that terrorists might kill millions in the future due to biological or even nuclear weapons. He also said that he did not think that Iraq had nuclear weapons, but that this was an understandable mistake of the Bush Administration. In that same year he stated that Syria was one of the largest supporters of terrorism and has been exploiting Lebanon for a long time. Attended a discussion of the Windsor Leadership Trust in 2005. October 7, 2001, The Observer: "Lord Guthrie, the suave former British Chief of Defence Staff, has been a close friend of [Pakistani president] Musharraf for more than 20 years." Visited Oman as a paid advisor between 9 to 11 January 2004 and 10-12 January 2005. Made two 1-day visits to Libya, 4 April, 2004 and 27 June 2004, which was paid for by Government of Libya. Patron of the The Second World War Experience Centre, together with the 7th Marquess of Salisbury (Robert Gascoyne-Cecil), who is a member of Le Cecle. Sits on the board of the Ben Gurion University in Israel. Ben-Gurion was the initial premier of Israel and a close friend to the Rothschilds. Sits on the board of the Moscow School of Political Studies, which receives grants from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Council Member of the Institute of International and Strategic Studies and a member of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. Patron of the UK Defence Forum. Vice patron of the Atlantic Council Partnership for Peace. Knight Commander of Justice and member of the Council of the British and Irish Delegation of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St George (catholic). The wife of Guthrie and the Duchess of Norfolk are dames of this order.
Hacking, Lord David		1938-alive	Son of another Pilgrims Society member. Baron Douglas David Hacking. Served in Royal Navy Reserve 1954-1964; in active service in Royal Navy 1956-1958; retired in rank of Lieutenant RNR; Worked as a barrister-at-law in London 1964-1975; US Attorney and Counselor-at-Law 1975-1976; Solicitor of the Supreme Court 1977-1999; Barrister, arbitrator and mediator in Littleton Chambers since 1999. Appointed as Arbitrator/Mediator by the ICC, the AAA, the LCIA, Hungarian Court of Arbitration, GAFTA, The Chartered Institute of Arbitrators and others. Acts as Arbitrator/Mediator in all commercial arbitrations/mediations with specialist knowledge of aviation, commodities, construction and pharmaceutical industries; Parliament: Independent Peer 1972 - 1992, Conservative Peer 1992 - 1998, Labour Peer 1998 - 1999; Member of the Joint Committee (of House of Commons and Lords) on Consolidation Bills: 1973-1975 and 1999; Member of the House of Lords Select Committee on the European Communities: Sub Committee E (Law and Institutions) 1989-1995, 1996-1999 and Sub Committee F (Justice and Home Affairs) 1999; Participated in Committee in House of Lords in numerous Public Bills including the Arbitration Bill 1979, the Financial Services Bill 1986, the Latent Damage Bill 1986, the Courts and Legal Services Bill 1990, the Competition and Service [Utilities] Bill 1992, the Maastricht Bill 1993, the Civil Aviation [Amendment] Bill 1996, the Arbitration Bill 1996, the Access to Justice Bill 1999 and the Contracts [Rights of Third Parties] Bill 1999 and conducted through the House of Lords various Private Bills; Freeman of the City of London, President of the Civil Court Users Association, Member of the British American Parliamentary Group, Member of the Pilgrims, and Trustee of Carthusian Trust.
Haggard, Sir Godfrey Digby Napier	exec. committee	1884-1969	Order of the British Empire. British Consul-General at New York.
Halifax, Lord Edward Wood		1881-1959	Came from an important Anglo-Catholic political family. His grandfather served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in Lord John Russell's (younger brother of the 7th Duke of Bedford) government, which lasted from 1846 to 1852. Also served as president of the Board of Control under Lord Aberdeen (father of an initial Pilgrims Society member), as First Lord of the Admiralty, and as Secretary of State for India. He married to the daughter of the elite 2nd Earl Grey, a Knight of the Garter and Privy Councilor. His father spent much of his adult life as president of the English Churh Union and played a prominent role in the (failed) attempt to bring about dialog between the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England on the subject of Anglican Orders. Lord Halifax himself was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford. Member of Parliament 1910-1925. Member of the Conservative Party. Saw some active service during WWI but remained mostly behind the lines, being moved to a desk job in 1917. President of the Board of Education 1922-1924. Minister of Agriculture 1924-1925. Viceroy of India 1926-1931, picked at the suggestion of George V. After he was appointed he ignored Mahatma Gandhi for nineteen months. Signed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact in 1931, after which the Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended. Knight of the Garter since 1931. Inherited the title Viscount Halifax in 1934. War secretary for 5 months in 1935. Lord Privy Seal and leader of the House of Lords 1935-1937. In 1936, Halifax visited Nazi Germany for the first time. Halifax's friend, Sir Henry (Chips) Channon, reported: "I had a long conversation with Lord Halifax about Germany and his recent visit. He described Hitler's appearance, his khaki shirt, black breeches and patent leather evening shoes. He told me he liked all the Nazi leaders, even Goebbels, and he was much impressed, interested and amused by the visit. He thinks the regime absolutely fantastic, perhaps even too fantastic to be taken seriously. But he is very glad that he went, and thinks good may come of it. I was rivetted by all he said, and reluctant to let him go." (Henry "Chips" Channon, member of the House of Lords and very anti-communist; diary entry, December 5, 1936) Lord President of the (Privy) Council 1937-1938. In November 1937, prime minister Neville Chamberlain sent Lord Halifax to meet Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebbels, and Hermann Goering in Germany. In his diary, Lord Halifax records how he told Hitler: "Although there was much in the Nazi system that profoundly offended British opinion, I was not blind to what he (Hitler) had done for Germany, and to the achievement from his point of view of keeping Communism out of his country." Whereas Lord Halifax supported Neville Chamberlain's appeasement policy, the foreign secretary, Anthony Eden, was highly critical of this way of dealing with Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. On February 25, 1938, Eden resigned over this issue and Lord Halifax became the new foreign secretary. In March 1938, Hitler declared Austria a part of Germany. On September 29, 1938, Neville Chamberlain, Adolf Hitler, Edouard Daladier and Benito Mussolini signed the Munich Agreement which transferred to Germany the Sudetenland, a fortified frontier region that contained a large German-speaking population. Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden attacked the agreement. In March 1939, Hitler broke the Munich Agreement and the German Army seized the rest of Czechoslovakia. England and France vow to intervene if Poland is attacked. In September 1939, Germany and later the USSR invade Poland while England and France do nothing. On November 8, 1939, the first assassination attempt on Hitler fails. In April 1940, Germany invades Denmark and Norway. On May 10, 1940, Chamberlain is followed up by Churchill, the same day Germany's invasion of the Benelux begins. Churchill keeps Lord Halifax as foreign secretary. In May-June 1940, 338.000 British, Belgian, and French troops are evacuated from Dunkirk, which is only made possible by Hitler's continuous stallings of the German panzer attack. This will allow England to continue the war. Hitler's commanders opposed these orders. In December 1940, Lord Halifax was replaced as foreign secretary by his long-term opponent, Anthony Eden. British ambassador to the United States 1941-1946. British delegate to the United Nations San Francisco Conference in March 1945, in which the Rockefellers played a major role. Attended the first session of the United Nations in 1945. Became Chancellor of Sheffield University and chairman of the BBC. Knight of the Order of St Michael and St George.
Hambro, Rupert N.		1943-alive	Educated at Eton College and Aix en Provence University. Hambro began his distinguished business career in 1962 with Peat Marwick Mitchell & Co in Manchester and London. He then joined Hambros Bank in 1964, trained in Denmark (1964), Canada (1966) and the USA (1968), became a Director in 1969, Deputy Chairman in 1980 and Chairman in 1983. He left in 1986 to form JO Hambro with his father and two brothers. JO Hambro engages in private client investment management through JO Hambro Investment Management and investment management through JO Hambro Capital Management Ltd. Current directorships include JO Hambro Ltd (Chairman); Rupert Hambro & Partners Ltd (Chairman); Mayflower Corporation Plc (Chairman); Pioneer Holdings Plc; Telegraph Group Ltd (director); Wiltons (St James’) Ltd (Chairman); Longshot Ltd (Chairman); Chatsworth House Trust Ltd, and Woburn Golf & Country Club Ltd (Chairman). Other involvements include the International Advisory Board of Montana AG, Vienna; member of United States Information Agency, International Council, Washington; Treasurer, National Art Collections Fund; Chairman of Govenors of Museum of London; Chairman of Trustees, The Silver Trust (co-founded in 1987); Chairman, Society of Merchants Trading to the Continent; Chairman of the Trustees, The Square Mile Charitable Trust; Chairman of the Trustees, The Boys’ Club Trust; Hon. Fellow of the University of Bath; Fellow of the RSA; Hon. President, The Anglo-Danish Society, and Vice-Patron of the Royal Society of British Sculptors. In addition, Rupert Hambro is a Member of the Court of the Company of Goldsmiths; a Member of the Company of Fishmongers, the Corporation of London, and The Pilgrims Society of Great Britain.
Harbord, James G.		1866-1947	Born in Illinois, he grew up near Bushong in Lyon County, and graduated from Kansas State Agricultural College in 1886. After a short teaching career he enlisted in the army as a private and in 1891 he received a commission. His first overseas experience came as a member of the occupation army in Cuba after the Spanish American War. That was followed by 12 years service in the Philippines. He was on the Mexican border with General John J. Pershing in 1916 and when the United States entered the European conflict he went to France as Pershing's chief of staff, which won him a promotion to brigadier general. When the American marine commander in France became ill, Harbord replaced him and directed the marine action at Chateau Thierry and Belleau Wood, operations which smashed the German offensive directed at Paris in June 1918. In August 1918 the necessity for greater efficiency in troop and supply movement became apparent and Harbord was recalled from the front and put in charge of supply. This was described as the largest business undertaking that was ever conducted by one man in all history. His success won him Allied praise and the Distinguished Service Medal. At the end of the war he was commissioned a major general in the regular army and commanded at Camp Travis, Texas. When Pershing was appointed chief of staff, Harbord became his deputy. In 1922 General Harbord retired from the army and assumed the presidency of the Radio Corporation of America. He served as president of the Radio Corporation America for seven years and then as chairman of the board until 1947, the year of his death. Member of the Newcomen Society and decorated a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George.
Harbord, John O.		dead	Likely a family member of James G. Harbord, chairman Radio Corporation of America. Attended a Pilgrim meeting in 1939.
Harcourt, Viscount William Edward		1908-1979	Supposedly a descendants of William the Conqueror, Executive director of the IMF and the World Bank 1954-1957.
Harkness, Edward Stephen		1874-1940	Yale. Married Mary Stillman (Pilgrim family) in 1904. Family fortune was estimated at $800 million in 1924. One of the largest stockholders in Standard Oil. Large amount of stocks in many of the largest companies in the world as Michigan Central Railroad, New York Central Railroad, West Shore Railroad, C.C.C. & St. Louis Railroad, P. & L.E. Railroad and Southern Pacific Railroad. First president of the Commonwealth Fund (Harkness Fellowship). Founded the Pilgrim Trust in 1930, which helped build Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons. Edward was a philanthropist who wasn't on the board of many companies and avoided to much publicity.
Harriman, Edward Henry		1848-1909	Railroad executive and financier. Director Newsweek. Controlled at various times the Illinois Central. Chairman Union Pacific Railroad and Southern Pacific Railroad. Lost a fight with James Hill to gain control of the Northern Pacific Railroad in a struggle that contributed to the stock market panic of 1901. James Hill, Edward Harriman and J. P. Morgan combined forces in 1906 to create a monopoly, the Northern Securities Company, but the Supreme Court ruled in favor of a government order to break up the firm. Edward was a director of Union Banking Corporation, which was a Nazi holding company. UBC did business with the Nazis up to 1943, when it was seized by the U.S. government under the trading with the enemy act.
Harriman, William Averell		1891-1986	Yale Skull & Bones 1913. Scion of the Harriman railroad family. Director Guarantee Trust Company (merged with J.P. Morgan). Formed the Merchant Shipbuilding Corporation in 1917 (became the largest merchant fleet). Together with his brother he formed W.A. Harriman & Company in 1922. Became acquainted with Fritz Thyssen during his trip to Germany in the early 1920s. Brown Brothers Harriman traded with the Soviets durin gthe 1925-1929 period. Chairman New York State Committee of Employment 1933. Administrative Officer of Roosevelt's NRA 1934. Union Banking Corporation. Secretary of Commerce. US Ambassador to Russia during World War II. Director Council on Foreign Relations 1950-1955. Head Mutual Security Administration 1951-1953. During this time the Psychological Strategy Board was created, initially headed by Gordon Gray. Governor of New York 1954-1958. Undersecretary of state for Far Eastern Affairs 1961-1964. Actively sought the removal of Republic of Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem and helped draft the telegram to U.S. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge that implied U.S. support for a coup against him. Named as a Soviet spy by Anatoli Golitsin in 1962. In charge of African affairs at the Department of State 1964-1965. Ambassador-at-large for Southeast Asian affairs in 1965. U.S. representative at the Paris Peace Talks (about Vietnam) 1968. Confidential adviser to Presidents Roosevelt, Truman, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon and Carter. Organized the H. Smith Richardson Foundation, which participated in MK-ULTRA.
Harrison, George Leslie	exec. committee	1887-1958	Lawyer and financial expert, assistant general counsel and counsel Federal Reserve Bank of Washington D.C.1914-1920, counsel and deputy governor Federal Reserve Bank of New York 1920-1928, governor and president Federal Reserve Bank of New York 1928-1941, special consultant to the Secretary of War, president and chairman New York Life Insurance 1941-1953, chairman Interim Policy Committee on Atomic Energy, active on behalf of the American National Red Cross, trustee Columbia University.
Hartford, Huntington III		1911-alive	Owner of The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (founded by his grandfather), owner Oil Shale Corporation, owner Paradise Island in Nassau, the Bahamas, director Institute for British American Cultural Exchange in 1961, director New York World Fair 1964-1965, member of the United States Committee for the United Nations and the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO, established the Huntington Hartford Gallery of Modern Art.
Harvey, George		1864–1928	After a career in journalism and insurance, he became involved in the construction and administration of electric railroads, a venture that brought him a fortune. In 1899 he bought the North American Review, and, with the backing of J. P. Morgan, he assumed control (1901) of Harper's Weekly. Harvey retired (1913) from the editorship of Harper's Weekly but later (1918) founded Harvey's Weekly as a medium for virulent attacks on Woodrow Wilson (his former friend and protégé) and the peace negotiations. After the election of Warren G. Harding, Harvey was appointed ambassador to Great Britain (1921-1923).
Hauge, Gabriel		1914-1981	Harvard, senior statistician Federal Reserve Bank of New York 1939, Princeton University economics professor 1940-1942, Navy reserve 1942-1946, chief Division of Research and Statistics New York State Banking 1947-1950, assistant chairman McGraw-Hill Publishing Company 1950-1952, assistant to president Eisenhower for Economic Affairs 1953-1958 (opposed Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-Communist crusade and favored liberalized foreign trade policies), director Trust company 1959, treasurer Council on Foreign Relations 1964-1981, Bilderberg Steering Committee, chairman Manufacturers Hanover Bank 1971-1979 (joined in 1958 - 4th largest bank of the US at that time).
Hay, Andrew "Anthony" MacKenzie		unknown	Married Pilgrim daughter Sharman Douglas from 1968 to 1977, who, according to ITV (competitor of the BBC), had a 2-year lesbian affair with Queen Elizabeth II's younger sister, Princess Margaret Windsor. Andrew Hay is only described as a "food importer".
Hayes, Alfred		died 1989	Harvard, Yale, Oxford, Rhodes Scholar, analyst in the investment department of the City Bank Farmers Trust Company 1933-1940, bond department of the National City Bank 1940-1942, assistant secretary in the investment department New York Trust Co. 1942-1944, served as a naval lieutenant in financial planning for military government, and in the office of the Foreign Liquidation Commissioner in Washington and Rome 1944-1946, vice-president New York Trust in 1946, New York Trust Co. foreign division board 1947-1956, trustee Lignan University in Canton, China 1947-1954 (Mao’s Communist takeover was in 1949), president Federal Reserve Bank of New York 1956-1975, chairman Morgan Stanley International 1975-1981, director National Distillers & Chemical, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Healy, Harold Harris, Jr.		1921-alive	Son-in-law of Eli Whitney Debevoise (Pilgrim), Yale 1943, Phi Beta Kappa & Order of the Coif, U.S. Army Field Artillery landing in France 1943-1946, partner in Debevoise, comment editor and executive editor of the Yale Law Journal, executive assistant U.S. Attorney General 1957-1959, Plimpton Lyons & Gates, U.S. counsel for N.M. Rothschild & Sons, advisory council Ditchley Foundation, member of the Council on Foreign Relations, executive council American Society for International Law 1977-1980, trustee, treasurer and chairman of Vassar College 1977-1986, long-time member of the American Bar Association, first president of the Internationale des Avocats, persuaded the American Bar Association to join the previous organisation, director and president Legal Aid Society, director Metropolitan Opera Association, director Academy of American Poets, French Legion of Honor 1984.
Heard, George Alexander		1917-alive	University of California and Columbia, appointed chairman of the Commission on Campaign Costs by JFK, Chancellor of Vanderbilt University 1963-1972, chairman Alfred P. Sloan Foundation's study of presidential elections in America in 1982, director Time Incorporated, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Heinz, Henry John II		1908-1987	Yale Skull & Bones 1931. Chairman of the family's firm H.J. Heinz Company (very large international food manufacturer). Chairman Howard Heinz Endowment. Very close with Carnegie and Mellon interests. Trustee American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism 1950 (together with Pilgrim and Knight of Malta head J. Peter Grace). Member Council on Foreign Relations. Went to the first Bilderberg meeting in 1954. He was an organizer of the Bilderberg meetings, which he regularly attended, National Review, March 27, 1987: "He was an organizer of the Bilderberg meetings, which he regularly attended." He is the father of Teresa Heinz Kerry's (born in Mozambique, brought up in South Africa, Carnegie trustee, global environmentalist sponsor, and considers herself a "world citizen") first husband, John Heinz III (who died in a plane crash). Teresa remarried with 1966 Skull & Bones member John F. Kerry, who became the main presidential opponent in 2004.
Hepburn, Alonzo		1846–1922	Chairman of the New York State Assembly. First chairman of the Economic Club of New York. In 1879 he organized a committee to investigate malpractices and the plausible existence of a monopoly in the oil industry. During the hearings, a witness testified that "nine-tenth of the refiners in the country were in "harmony" with Standard Oil." The committee's report focused mainly on the railroad companies and their illegal favoritism to certain companies in terms of transportation of oil, but it also noted that Standard Oil was a "mysterious organization." Indeed, Rockefeller had managed to become one of the wealthiest man in America without attracting the attention of the public, unlike other industrialists such as Jay Gould who were despised by the American people.
Herbert, Sir Michael		died	British Ambassador to the United States of America in the early part of the 20th century. On January 24, 1903 U.S. Secretary of State John Hay and British Ambassador Michael H. Herbert created a joint commission to establish the Alaskan border. On October 20, 1903, the joint commission (6 members, 3 from each side) ruled in favor of the United States in a boundary dispute between the District of Alaska and Canada. Sir Michael Herbert was a son of Baron Sidney Herbert, British War Minister from 1845-1846 and 1852-1855.
Hewart, Viscount Gordon		1870-1943	Oxford. Called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1902. Member of parliament for Leicester 1913-1922. Solicitor General 1919-1922. Lord Chief Justice of England 1922-1940.
Hewitt, William Alexander		1915-1998	Lieutenant commander on the battleship California in WWII on which his Cabin Mate was co-Pilgrim Gabriel Hauge, married into the Deere fortune of Deere & Company (heavy agricultural machinery), chairman Deere & Company, director of Continental Illinois National Bank, Continental Oil Company, A.T.&T. and the United Nations Association, director of both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. Trade & Economic Council, director of the National Council for U.S.-China Trade, advisor Chase Manhattan Bank, trustee Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, life trustee Caltech, member Trilateral Commission, Americas Society, Asia Society, Council on Foreign Relations, Committee for Economic Development, National Corporation for Housing Partnerships, Atlantic Institute for International Affairs, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, International Executive Service Corps, California Institute of Technology and Stanford Research Council, openly loyal to the King of England.
Hill, John Warren		died	Member of the finance committee for New York county of the American Legion 1927-1928, member of the Joint Legislative Committee on Interstate Cooperation 1946, director of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene.
Hill, James J.		1838-1916	He and others purchased the nearly bankrupt St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in 1878, which he and his partners made into one of the most successful railroad companies of the U.S. In a later stage of his life, Hill was also involved with coal and iron ore mining, Great Lakes and Pacific Ocean shipping, banking and finance, agriculture and milling. He owned many million acres of land and immense iron ore deposits in Minnesota. He amassed a personal fortune of about 63 million dollars. He was one of the initial directors of American International Corporation, formed in November 1915. Temporary offices were opened in the National City Bank Building.
Hoffman, Paul Gray		1891-1974	President Studebaker Corporation 1935-1948, founder and chairman Committee for Economic Development 1942-1948, president Ford Foundation 1950-1953, chairman Studebaker Corporation 1953-1956, delegate to the United Nations 1956-1957, managing director UN Special Fund (UN Development Program) 1959-1972, director Encyclopedia Britannica
Hogan, Frank J.		1877-1944	Georgetown University law degree 1902, founded Hogan & Hartson (D.C. area major law firm), became a nationally famous trial lawyer, among his clients were Theodore Roosevelt and Andrew Mellon, president of the American Bar Association in 1939, addressed the Pilgrims in 1939.
Hogg, Douglas McGarel	vice-president	1872-1950	British lawyer and politician, Queen's Privy Council 1922, attorney general 1922-1928, Lord Chancellor in the UK conservative government 1928-1929, Secretary of State for War 1931-1935, U.K. Leader of the House of Lords 1931-1935.
Holt, Hamilton		1872-1951	Yale and Columbia University, disappointed with the traditional education of lecture and recitation, president Rollins College, assisted in the formation of The League of Nations, Holt was a founder of the Italy-America Society and the Netherlands-America Foundation (Carnegie was acquainted with the Royal Dutch house of Orange-Nassau, interlocked with his patrons, the British Crown).
Hornblower, Henry II		1917-1985	Owned Hornblower & Weeks, Hemphill-Noyes investment bankers, founded the Plimoth Plantation, trustee of another Pilgrim Society, founded in 1820, which is a genealogical and historical organization at Plymouth, Mass, member of the American Antiquarian Society.
Hoving, Walter		1897-1988	Chairman Hoving Corporation. Bought a controlling interest in Tiffany & Company (originated from New York) in 1955 and became its chairman.
Houghton, Alanson Bigelow, Jr.		1863-1941	His grandfather founded Corning Glass Works, was initially successful, but went bankrupt in 1868. His sons Amory and Charles revived the firm and turned it into a great success. Alanson, a son of Amory, was an undergraduate of Harvard. Vice-president of Corning Glass Works from 1903 to 1910 and president from 1910 to 1918. During this time, Houghton tripled the size of Corning Glass. It produced about 40% of the bulbs and tubing for incandescent electric lights and 75% of the railway signal glass used in the U.S. It was one of the largest glass producers in the industry. Member of Congress from 1919 to 1922. US Ambassador to Germany 1922-1925. US Ambassador to the United Kingdom 1925-1929. Involved in the Dawes Plan (1924), the Locarno Treaties (1925), and the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928). His son, Amory Houghton Sr., was Eisenhower's ambassador to France. And his son, Amory Jr., has been a Republican member of Congress since 1987.
Hughes, Billy		1862-1952	Australia’s Prime Minister Billy Hughes. Present at a 1918 Pilgrims dinner in 1918. In 1919, Hughes and former Prime Minister Joseph Cook travelled to London to attend the Versailles peace conference. He remained away for 16 months, and signed the Treaty of Versailles on behalf of Australia - the first time Australia had signed an international treaty. At Versailles Hughes demanded heavy reparations from Germany and frequently clashed with President Woodrow Wilson of the United States. He succeeded in securing Australian control of Germany's colonial possessions in New Guinea.
Hughes, Charles Evans		1862-1948	Brown University and Columbia University. Trustee Rockefeller’s University of Chicago. Uncovered gas rate fraud in NY in 1905 and was appointed to investigate the insurance industry. Governor of New York 1907-1910. Declined vice-presidential nomination by William Howard Taft in 1908. Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 1910-1916. Defeated by Woodrow Wilson in 1916 presidential race. Favored the ratification of the treaty creating the League of Nations in 1920. Secretary of State under Warren G. Harding & Calvin Coolidge 1921–1925. Served as a judge of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the Permanent Court of International Justice in The Hague, The Netherlands in the second half of the twenties. At a London Pilgrim meeting in 1924, Hughes was photographed sitting next to the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Connaught. President of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York 1927-1929. Chief Justice of the United States 1930-1941. Automatically appointed chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution during his appointment as Chief Justice. Led the fight against Franklin Delano Roosevelt's attempt to pack the Supreme Court after they regarded the New Deal as unconstitutional.
Hyde, James Hazen		1876-1959	Harvard, vice president of Equitable Life Assurance Society 1899-1905, involved in an insurance scandal and fled to Versailles, France, co-founders Alliance Française, awarded the Grand Cross of the French Legion of Honor.
Inge, Lord Peter	President	1935-alive	Army Officer 1956-97; Commissioned Green Howards 1956; Served Hong Kong, Malaya, Germany, Libya and UK; ADC to GOC, 4 Division 1960-61; Adjutant, 1 Green Howards 1963-64; Student, Staff College 1966; Ministry of Defence 1967-69; Company Commander, 1 Green Howards 1969-70; Student, Joint Services Staff College 1971; BM, 11 Armoured Brigade 1972; Instructor, Staff College 1973-74; CO, 1 Green Howards 1974-76; Commandant, Junior Division, Staff College 1977-79; Commander, Task Force C/4 Armoured Brigade 1980-81; Chief of Staff, HQ 1 (BR) Corps 1982-83; Colonel, The Green Howards 1982-94; GOC, NE District and Commander 2nd Infantry Division 1984-86; Director General, Logistic Policy (Army), Ministry of Defence 1986-87; Commander, 1st (Br) Corps 1987-89; Colonel Commandant, Royal Military Police 1987-92; Commander, Northern Army Group and C-in-C, BAOR 1989-92; ADC General to HM The Queen 1991-94; Chief of the General Staff 1992-94; promoted to the rank of Field Marshal in 1994; Chief of the Defence Staff 1994-97; Constable, HM Tower of London 1996-2001; Raised to the peerage as Baron Inge, of Richmond in the County of North Yorkshire 1997; President of the British-German Officers' Association; Member of the Board and Council of St. George's House at Windsor Castle; Deputy Chairman of Historic Royal Palaces; Member of Council of Marlborough College; Member of the Council of the Interfaith Dialogue; Commissioner of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea; Member of the Council of King Edward VII's Hospital Sister Agnes; Freeman of the City of London; Member of the Order of the Bath; Member of the Order of the Garter; Member of the Privy Council since 2004; He was a member of the Butler Inquiry team, chaired by Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, that determined that the intelligence used to declare Iraq's possession of "Weapons of Mass Destruction" was flawed. When Inge was appointed to sit in judgment on whether our spies were wrong about Iraq or whether their messages were distorted, he was still a member of the Hakluyt Foundation, a supervisory board for Hakluyt, a firm which hires former MI6 agents to work for private companies like Shell and BP. Today, Lord Inge is also a consultant to BAE Systems, Vickers plc., Investcorp (a Middle Eastern bank), and OWR AG (a German firm making gas masks, protective suits, decontamination trailers and other specialist protection against nuclear, biological and chemical warfare). Since 2003, the year it was created, Lord Inge is the non-executive chairman of Aegis Defence Services, a London-based company which offers mercenaries and related services to governments at war. Aegis was awarded a $293 million contract by the Pentagon in May 2004 to act as the "coordination and management hub" for the fifty-plus private security companies in Iraq. They also contributed seventy-five teams of eight armed civilians each to assist and protect the Project Management Office of the United States and provided protection for the Oil-for-Food Program inquiry. The CEO of Aegis is Lt. Col. Tim Spicer, a former officer of the SAS and a former CEO of Sandline International. Sandline has been
Jackson, N. Baxter		died	Vanderbilt University graduate who became a trustee, chairman Chemical Bank in 1946, director American Chain & Cable Company, Home Life Insurance, French-American Banking Corporation, General Reinsurance Corporation, North Star Reinsurance, and Warner Lambert Pharmaceutical, member Newcomen Society.
Jenkins, Roy Harris	exec. committee	1920-2003	Baron, Labour minister in 1964, home secretary 1965-1967 and 1974-1976, chancellor of the Exchequer 1967-1970, president European Commission 1977-1981, co-founder Social Democratic Party, SDP member of parliament 1982-1987, chancellor Oxford University in 1982 and made a life peer, president of the Royal Society, minister of aviation, leader House of Lords. In 1997 he was appointed head of a commission, set up by the Labour government, to recommend, in 1998, a new voting system for elections to Parliament. Jenkins has contributed frequently to British newspapers and periodicals and is a distinguished writer whose biographical subjects have included Henry Asquith, Harry Truman, Clement Attlee, and Stanley Baldwin.
Jennings, Oliver Gould		died 1936	Born about 1863. Yale Skull & Bones 1887. Sat on the boards of Bethlehem Steel, United States Industrial Alcohol Company, McKesson & Robbins, Kingsport Press, Signature Company, National Fuel Gas Company, and Grocery Store Products.
Johnson, Joseph Esrey		1906-1990	Seems to have had a honorable grandfather, Johnson studied at Harvard University, where he earned his bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees. His first teaching position was as a professor of history at Bowdoin College in 1934 and 1935. From there he moved on to Williams College in Massachusetts in 1936, where he was an assistant professor of history until 1947, and a full professor from 1947-1950. During the years from 1943-1947, however, Johnson was on leave from Williams College, and served in a variety of positions with the State Department and United Nations. Initially Johnson was appointed chief of the international affairs division in the State Department. While in this post, he played a role in the creation of the United Nations, attending both the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944 as well as the San Francisco Conference in 1945. Johnson later served as an adviser to the U.S. delegation at the first U.N. General Assembly at Lake Success, New York in 1946, and assisted the U.S. representative to the Security Council, which met in London. Johnson returned to Williams College in 1947, yet his time in academia proved to be short-lived. In 1950 he was appointed to be a trustee, and then president, of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, where he was able to apply his growing expertise in the field of brokering peaceful solutions to international disputes. Although he served as a consultant at numerous international conferences, and was an alternate U.S. delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in 1969, he is perhaps best remembered for his role on the U.N. Conciliation Commission for Palestine in 1961. As part of the commission Johnson was named a special envoy, and traveled throughout the Middle East, meeting with various governments in search of a means of providing Palestinian refugees with a homeland of their own. Johnson’s final report recommended that refugees who were forced out of their homes by the 1948 war be allowed to return to their former homes in Israel. However, neither side accepted Johnson’s proposals. Johnson was also a director of the Council on Foreign Relations between 1950 and 1974, Bilderberg visitor.
Kahn, Otto Hermann		1867-1934	Born in Mannheim, Germany. Emigrated to U.S. in 1893, partner Kuhn, Loeb & Co., together with Jacob Schiff (later Pilgrim) and Paul Warburg (later Pilgrim), NY 1897-1934 and it's main stockholder from 1908 and on. Chairman and president Metropolitan Opera Company of NY 1911-1931, trustee Carnegie Institute of Technology, director Italy-American Society, director Council on Foreign Relations 1921-1934, Knight Order of Charles II, Order of the Crown (Italy), order of the Rising Sun, vice-president English-Speaking Union. His attempt to become President of the English-Speaking Union was defeated by the timely exposure of his role in financing the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. His house was a meeting place for Soviet agents as Nina Smorodin, Claire Sheridan, Louise Bryant and Margaret Harrison.
Kellogg, Frank B.		1856-1937	After five years on the farm, he entered a law office in Rochester, Minnesota, supporting himself as a handyman for a Rochester farmer and teaching himself law, history, Latin, and German with the aid of borrowed textbooks. Having passed the state bar examination in 1877, he became the city attorney for Rochester and two years later the attorney for Olmsted County. A cousin, Cushman Kellogg Davis, the leading lawyer of St. Paul and later a United States senator, recognizing Frank Kellogg's energy, tenacity, and skill, invited him, in 1887, to join his law firm. In the next twenty years Kellogg earned a substantial fortune. He became counsel for some of the railroads, the iron mining companies, and the steel manufacturing firms that developed the rich Mesabi iron range in Minnesota and, consequently, a friend of some of the great business figures of the day, among them, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and James J. Hill. Despite such associations, Kellogg achieved national fame as a 'trustbuster'. He won an antitrust victory against E. H. Harriman and the Union Pacific Railroad, and another in 1911 against John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company in one of the most dramatic legal battles of the pre-World War I era. In 1912 he was named president of the American Bar Association. Kellogg was a member of the National Committee of the Republican Party from 1904 to 1912 and a delegate to its national conventions in 1904, 1908, and 1912. In 1916 he was elected to the U.S. Senate, taking his seat on March 4, 1917, in time to vote for America's entry into World War I on April 6. He always supported Woodrow Wilson. Tried hard to obtain senatorial ratification of the Treaty of Versailles and of the Covenant of the League of Nations. A poor campaigner, Kellogg lost his try in 1922 for a second term in the Senate. In March, 1923, President Harding sent him on his first diplomatic mission as a delegate to the fifth Pan-American Conference, which was held in Chile. When he came back he was appointed ambassador to Great Britain. The most important diplomatic affair in which he figured in his fourteen months in England was the London Reparations Conference convened to accept the Dawes Committee report. In 1925 Kellogg succeeded Charles Evans Hughes as secretary of state in Coolidge's cabinet, holding the position until 1929. In pursuance of his faith in the efficacy of the legal arbitration of international disputes, Kellogg arranged for the signing of bilateral treaties with nineteen foreign nations. Of the eighty treaties of various kinds which he signed while in office - a total breaking the record set by William Jennings Bryan from 1913 to 1915 - none was so important to him as the Pact of Paris, commonly called the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928). Kellogg returned to St. Paul early in 1929 and during the months that followed traveled extensively in America and in Europe to receive many honors, among them the Nobel Peace Prize, the French Legion of Honor, and honorary degrees from many universities. In 1930 he filled Hughes's unexpired term on the Permanent Court of International Justice and was then elected to a full term of his own. Because of failing health, however, he was forced to resign from the Court in 1935.
Kemmerer, Edwin Walter		1875-1945	Professor of Economics at Princeton University, president of the Economists National Committee on Monetary Policy in 1937, according to The Commercial & Financial Chronicle Kemmerer (1938) Kemmerer was one of 60 economics who signed a resolution at a summit against silver coinage, director of U.S. & Foreign Securities Corporation and U.S. & International Securities Corporation from 1947. He wrote more than a dozen books, the most well-known was "The ABC of the Federal Reserve System" (1918), which ran to twelve editions.
Kennedy, Joseph Patrick		1888–1969	Harvard graduate. He engaged in banking, shipbuilding, investment banking, and motion-picture distribution before he served as chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1934 and 1935, chairman U.S. Maritime Commission 1935-1937, U.S. ambassador to Great Britain 1937-1940, supported the overtures of the Chamberlain government to Hitler and was generally noninterventionist, informal adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, went back in (successful business after this) Knight of Malta, 2 of his 3 sons were publicly murdered. The last son is a member of the CFR.
Kerr of Kinlochard, Lord John		1942-alive	MA from Oxford University. Member of the UK Diplomatic Service from 1966 to 2002. Ambassador to the European Union from 1990 to 1995. Ambassador to the US from 1995 to 1997. From 1997 to 2002 he was Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and Head of the Diplomatic Service, making him the first member of the Service to hold its three top jobs. In 2000 he became the most senior UK official to visit Tripoli (Libya) since 1984. From 2002 to 2003 he was Secretary-General of the European Convention, which prepared the EU Constitutional Treaty (rejected by the Dutch and French citizens in 2005). Ennobled in June 2004. Member of the Advisory Board of the Centre for European Reform. Director of Rio Tinto Plc and Rio Tinto Australia since 2003. Director of Shell Transport and Trading who was a key architect of the plan to merge the company with Royal Dutch Shell in 2005. Director of the Scottish American Investment Trust. Since 2004 he is chairman of the Court and Council of Imperial College, London. Here he followed up Lord Vincent of Coleshill, another Pilgrim. Trustee of the Rhodes Trust. Trustee, National Gallery. Honorary governor of the Glasgow Academy. Honorary fellow of the Pembroke College, Oxford. Honorary president of the Universities Association for Contemporary European Studies. Member of the House of Lords. Member of the Trilateral Commission at least since 2002. Visited Bilderberg in 2004 and 2005. Governor of the Ditchley Foundation anno 2005. Chaired the 2004 Ditchley discussion group 'The future direction of an enlarged Europe'. Knight of the Order of St Michael and St George.
Kerr, Lord Philip Henry		1882-1940	Served on various government commissions in South Africa and was a member of Viscount Alfred Milner's (Pilgrims Society) "kindergarten" 1905-1910. Co-founder and editor of a liberal scholarly journal called the "Round Table" 1910-1916. David Lloyd George's private secretary 1916-1921. Active at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Important member of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. Secretary of the Rhodes Trust since 1925. Inherited the title of 11th Marquess of Lothian in 1930. Represented the Liberal party in the National government as chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster 1931-1932. British Ambassador to the United States. Chairman of the India franchise committee 1932. Advocated appeasement of Nazi Germany until 1939 when he came round to a vigorous advocacy of resistance to Adolf Hitler. Invited to a Pilgrim banquet held in his honor at Hotel Plaza, New York City, October 25, 1939. Became a Knight of the Thistle in 1940.
Keswick, Sir William Johnston "Tony"		1903-1990	Son of Henry Keswick, who was the son of William Keswick, the person that took control of Jardine Matheson in 1886 (1834-1912). Jardine Matheson has its origins in the 1830s, when founders William Jardine and James Matheson invested their substantial returns from opium trade in China. According to EIR, they are still involved in the drug business today. Hugh Matheson founded Rio Tinto Zinc (RTZ) in 1873, which the Rothschilds owned for 1/3 in 1905. Tony is the older brother of Sir John Henry Keswick. Tony was head of Jardine Matheson's Shanghai office from 1935 to 1941. During this period, he was also chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Council. Became managing director of Matheson & Co. in London after WWII. Governor of the Hudson Bay Company 1952-1965 (chartered in 1670 by Charles II of England) in which Jardine Matheson, the Keswick's family company, had a controlling interest. Governor of the Bank of England in the late 1960s. Director British Petroleum and Sun Alliance. Vice-chairman of the Alliance Assurance. Tony Keswick was a member of the Pilgrims Society while Henry Keswick, chairman of Jardine Matheson, has been identified as a member of the 1001 Club. The Keswick family of Jardine Matheson bought a 20% stake in Rothschilds Continuation Holdings in 2005. They are the only non-Rothschild shareholders.
Kinnaird, Lord		1847-1923	Arthur Fitzgerald Kinnaird. 11th Lord Kinnaird. Knight of the Thistle.
Kirk, Grayson Louis	vice-president	1903-1997	Advised the State Department on international politics in the 1940s, helped create the United Nations, professor Columbia University 1940-1949, provost Columbia University 1949-1953, president Columbia University 1953-1968 (successor to Dwight D. Eisenhower), trustee of Columbia University after 1968, appointed Bryce Professor of the History of International Relations during his Columbia presidency, director Council on Foreign Relations 1950-1964, president Council on Foreign Relations 1964-1971, in 1968 he made a strong and widely reported appeal to the government to get out of Vietnam as quickly as possible, vice-chairman Council on Foreign Relations 1971-1973. Kirk was the author of several works on international relations and was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and Phi Beta Kappa. He was president of the American Society of the French Legion of Honor and vice president of the Pilgrims of the United States (right from his Columbia University biography). He was a director or trustee of the Academy of Political Science, the Tinker Foundation, the Asia Foundation, the French Institute, the Institute of International Education, and of Consolidated Edison Company of New York, IBM and the Greenwich Savings Bank. Kirk received numerous international awards from universities and other institutions.
Kissinger, Heinz "Henry " Alfred		1923-alive	Henry Kissinger was born in the Bavarian city of Fuerth. He was a son of Louis and Paula Stern Kissinger. The elder Kissinger was a school teacher and after Hitler's rise to power, the family immigrated to London in 1938. After a short stay, they moved to Washington Heights in New York City. Recruited by Fritz Kraemer during WWII. Served in the U.S. Army Counter Intelligence Corps 1943-1946. According to Hersh, Kissinger stayed on active duty in West Germany after the war and was eventually assigned to the 970th CIC Detachment, whose functions included support for the recruitment of ex-Nazi intelligence officers for anti-Soviet operations inside the Soviet bloc. Captain in the Military Intelligence Reserve 1946-1949. Went to Harvard in 1947, where he was picked by the Rockefellers, three of whom were overseers there at the time. Executive director Harvard International Seminar 1951-1969. Became an consultant to the Operations Research Office in 1951. According to Hersh, that unit, under the direct control of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, conducted highly classified studies on such topics as the utilization of former German operatives and Nazi partisan supporters in CIA clandestine activities. Became a consultant to the Director of the Psychological Strategy Board in 1952, a covert arm of the National Security Council. The first director (and primary founder) was Gordon Gray, who served in this position from June 1951 to May 1952. Under Eisenhower, on September 2, 1953, the role of this department was expanded and the name became Operations Coordinating Board (OCB). Became an consultant to the Operations Coordinating Board in 1955, which was then the highest policy-making board for implementing clandestine operations against foreign governments. JFK would abolish the OCB in 1961 although a similar unacknowledged structure would remain operational. Became known as the most trusted aide to Nelson Rockefeller in the mid 1950s, who by then had served as Eisenhower's Special Assistant for Cold War Planning and overseer of all the CIA's clandestine operations. Member of the Department of Government, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, 1954-1969. Study director of nuclear weapons and foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations 1955-1956. Director Special Studies Project for the Rockefeller Brothers Fund 1956-1958, which worked out basic cold war policy manifestoes (hardline). They were in large part adopted by successive administrations in Washington. Author of 'Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy', released in 1957. Consultant Weapons Systems Evaluation Group of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1959-1960. Consultant National Security Council 1961-1962. Consultant RAND Corporation 1961-1968. Consultant United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 1961-1968. Consultant to the Department of State 1965-1968. Right-hand man to Nelson Rockefeller during the 1968 Republican nomination campaign. Nixon's National Security Advisor 1969-1973. Chairman of the secretive Forty Committee, the covert apparatus of the National Security Council, from at least 1969 to 1976, which oversaw the CIA's clandestine operations. Nelson Rockefeller, even in his Senate bio, has been named as an (earlier) chairman of the Forty Committee. As head of this committee Kissinger had access to more information than the other members and he is said to have distorted it at times. During this same time period Kissinger also set up and headed the Washington Special Action Group (WSAG), another very important foreign policy group. Committee Secretary of State 1973-1977. Made two secret trips to China in 1971 to confer with Premier Zhou Enlai. Together with David Rockefeller involved in setting up the National Council for US-China Trade in 1973. Negotiated the SALT I and ABM treaty with the Soviet Union. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973. Made other secret trips to China in later years to make extremely sensitive intelligence exchanges. Robert C. McFarlane was among those who went to China with Kissinger, in his case between 1973 and 1976. Negotiated the end of the Yom Kippur War in 1973. Said to have played a role in the 1973 Augusto Pinochet coup. Approved President Suharto's invasion of East-Timor in 1973, which resulted in a bout 250,000 dead communists and socialists. Suspected of having been involved in Operation Condor which started around 1975 and was an assassination and intelligence gathering operation on 3 continents. Director Council on Foreign Relations 1977-1981. Together with Cyrus Vance and David Rockefeller he set up the US-China Business Council in 1979, the sucessor to the Council for US-China Trade. Annual visitor of Bilderberg since at least the 1970s. Annual visitor of the Trilateral Commission since the late 1970s. Visited Le Cercle. Member of the 1001 Club and the Pilgrims Society. Visitor of Bohemian Grove camp Mandalay. Founder of Kissinger Associates in 1982, a secretive consulting firm to international corporations. Some of the first members to join Kissinger Associates were Brent Scowcroft (vice-chairman), Lawrence Eagleburger (president), Lord Carrington, Lord Roll of Ipsden, and Pehr Gyllenhammar. Some served until 1989, others were still active for Kissinger Associates in the late 1990s. Chairman National Bipartisan Commission on Central America 1983-1984. Set up the America-China Society in 1987, together with Robert McFarlane and Cyrus Vance. Appointed chairman of AIG's advisory council in 1987. Director of the Atlanta branch of the Italian Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL) from 1985 to 1991. This was during the 1989 BNL Affair (Iraq Gate) in which it became known that the Atlanta branch had made $4 billion in unreported loans to Iraq. After the revelation, the money was said to be used by the Iraqis to buy food and agriculture equipment, but in reality they were buying loads of military equipment. His consultancy firm, Kissinger Associates, set up the China Ventures fund with CITIC in 1989, which would be in the same year that he defended the Tiananmen Square massacre, arguing against sanctions being placed on China. In 1990, he sat on boards of American Express, Union Pacific, R.M. Macy, Continental Grain, CBS, and the Revlon Group. Also a consultant to ABC news at this time. Member Atlantic Council of the United States. Member of the Council of Advisors of the United States-Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce. Trustee of the Center Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), the Arthur F Burns Fellowship, the Institute of International Education, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Honorary Governor of the Foreign Policy Association. Patron of the Atlantic Partnership and the New Atlantic Initiative. Chairman of the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, the Nixon Center, and the American Academy in Berlin. Co-chairman of the Editorial Board of 'The National Interest' magazine. Chancellor of the College William and Mary. Honorary chairman World Cup USA 1994 (Kissinger has attended football matches with his friend and colleague Etienne Davignon). Named Honorary Knight Commander of St. Michael and St. George, 1995. Director Freeport-McMoRan 1995-2001. Director of Conrad Black's Hollinger International Inc. Member of J.P. Morgan's International Advisory Council. Former member of the Advisory Council of Forstmann Little & Co. and American Express. Advisor to China National Offshore Oil Corp (CNOOC). Member of the Europe Strategy Board of Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst. Director of Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation. Chairman of the International Advisory Board of the American International Group (AIG), a partner of Kissinger Associates. Also chairman of the Advisory Boards of AIG Asian Infrastructure Funds I & II and a director of AIG Global. In 1997, Kissinger became the central advisor to the Business Coalition for US-China Trade, a group of about a 1000 leading companies willing to invest in China. In 2000, Henry Kissinger was quoted by Business Wire: "Hank Greenberg, Pete Peterson and I have been close friends and business associates for decades." Maurice Greenburg is head of AIG and Peter G. Peterson is head of The Blackstone Group, which is the other major partner of Kissinger Associates. Peterson is also a former chairman of Lehman Brothers. Kissinger is a friend of Lynn Forester and introduced her to Sir Evelyn de Rothschild at the 1998 Bilderberg conference. They would soon become married. After Pulitzer Price winning journalist Peter Arnett produced a CNN report on Operation Tailwind (a Vietnam operation in which US Special Forces allegedly killed US defectors with Sarin) in 1998, Kissinger and his friends called up CNN to demand that the news network should distance itself from the story (a story which CNN initially approved) and made sure that the producers of the show were publicly humiliated and fired. Arnett was fired again by NBC and National Geographic in March 2003 immediately after he said the Bush Administration was looking for a plan B now that Iraqi resistance turned out to be much more intense than expected. Within 24 hours the Daily Mail hired him. When Henry Kissinger is invited to speak at the United Nations Association on April 11, 2001 Lord Jacob Rothschild is flanking his side. Picked as the initial head of the 9/11 investigating committee in 2003, although he turned out to be too controversial to remain in that position. Henry Kissinger is a patron of the Open Russia Foundation since 2001, together with Lord Jacob Rothschild. The Foundation was set up by Mikhail Khodorkovsky, a controversial oligarch, later locked up by Putin. Honorary trustee of the Aspen Institute. Because of previous international attempts by European and South American judges to question him, he is known to take legal advice before traveling to certain countries in either continent. When Otto von Habsburg visited the United States in April 2005, one of the few people he spoke with, besides the general meetings, was Henry Kissinger.
Kitchener, Lord Horatio H.		1850-1916	Member of the Order of the Garter, the Order of Saint Patrick, the Order of the Bath, the Order of Merit, the Order of the Star of India, the Order of the Indian Empire, the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, and the Privy Council. Also an Aide de Camp to Queen Victoria. Kitchener was born in Ballylongford, County Kerry in Ireland. Educated in Switzerland and at the Royal Military Academy, he offered to fight with the French in the Franco-Prussian War before he joined the Royal Engineers in 1871. In 1874 Lt. Horatio Kitchener was appointed as assistant to Lt. C.R. Conder, on the Survey of Western Palestine. During 1874 and 1875, along with their team of Royal Engineers N.C.O.s and enlisted men, they surveyed large areas of the country. In 1882, Kitchener served with the British forces in Egypt during the suppression of the nationalist revolt led by Col. Arabi. In 1883, he took part in the Survey of the Wady Arabah and northeastern Sinai with Professor Edward Hull, on behalf of the Fund. After duty in Palestine and Cyprus, he was attached (1883) to the Egyptian army, then being reorganized by the British. Initiated into freemasonry in La Concordia Lodge, Cairo in 1883. He took part (1884–85) in the unsuccessful attempt to relieve Charles George Gordon at Khartoum. He was then (1886–88) governor-general of Eastern Sudan and helped (1889) turn back the last Mahdist invasion of Egypt. In 1892 he was made commander in chief of the Egyptian army and in 1896 began the reconquest of Sudan, having prepared the way by a reorganization of the army and the construction of a railway along the Nile. A series of victories culminated (1898) in the battle of Omdurman and the reoccupation of Khartoum. After becoming Sirdar of the Egyptian Army he headed the victorious Anglo-Egyptian army at the Battle of Omdurman on September 2, 1898, a victory made possible by the massive rail construction program he had instituted in the area. Kitchener quite possibly prevented war between France and Britain when he dealt firmly but non-violently with the French military expedition to claim Fashoda, in what became known as the Fashoda Incident. He also reformed the debt laws, preventing rapacious moneylenders from stripping away all assets of impoverished farmers, guaranteeing them five acres (20 000 m²) of land to farm for themselves and the tools to farm with. In 1899 Kitchener was presented with a small island in the Nile at Aswan as in gratitude for his services; the island was renamed Kitchener's Island in his honour. Became freemasonry District Grand Master of Egypt and Sudan in 1899. During the Second Boer War (1899–1902), Kitchener arrived with Lord Roberts and the massive British reinforcements of December 1899. Kitchener was made overall commander in November 1900 following Roberts' removal due to illness. Following the defeat of the conventional Boer forces, and the failure of a reconciliatory peace treaty in February 1901 (due to British cabinet veto) that Kitchener had negotiated with the Boer leaders, Kitchener inherited and expanded the successful strategies devised by Roberts to crush the Boer guerrillas. His no-prisoners policy became quite controversial. Following this, Kitchener was made Commander-in-Chief in India (1902–1909), where he reconstructed the greatly disorganised Indian army, against the wishes of the bellicose viceroy Lord Curzon (pilgrims Society), who became a passionate and lifelong enemy. Kitchener was promoted to Field Marshal in 1910; however, largely due to a Curzon-inspired whispering campaign, he was turned down for the post of Viceroy of India in 1911. He then returned to Egypt as Viceroy of Egypt and the Sudan (1911–1914). At the outset of World War I (1914), Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith quickly had Lord Kitchener appointed Secretary of State for War. Against cabinet opinion, Kitchener correctly predicted a long war that would last at least three years, require huge new armies to defeat Germany, and suffer huge casualties before the end would come. In 1916, Lord Kitchener embarked aboard the armoured cruiser HMS Hampshire for his diplomatic mission to Russia. While en route to the Russian port of Arkhangelsk, Hampshire struck a mine during a Force 9 gale and sank west of the Orkney Islands. His body was never found.
Kleinwort, Sir Cyril Hugh		1905-1980	Son of Sir Alexander Drake Kleinwort. Member of a British merchant and banking family that goes back to the 18th century. In 1897 Kleinwort, Sons & Co. went into business with Goldman Sachs & Co. of New York, today one of the largest investment firms on the planet. Director of Kleinwort, Benson, Lonsdale Ltd. Director of Commercial Union. According to the Telegraph in 2003, the British Invisible Exports Council (later British Invisibles, now IFSL) was the brainchild of Cyril Kleinwort. The acquisition of the bullion dealer Sharps Pixley in 1966 gave Kleinwort Benson a seat on the London gold price fixing committee that met twice daily in the offices of N M Rothschild & Sons. Co-founded Population Concern in 1977 with Earnest Kleinwort, Prince Philip, Lord Caradon, Lord Renton and Lord McCorquodale. In 1995 Kleinwort Benson was taken over by Dresdner Bank to form Dresdner Kleinwort Benson. The bank subsequently merged with Wasserstein Perella of New York to become Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein and is a subsidiary of Allianz. His nephew Kenneth Drake Kleinwort was a member of the 1001 Club.
Knight, Robert Huntington		alive	Attorney Shearman & Sterling, chairman Federal Reserve Bank of New York 1977-1983, member Council on Foreign Relations, director National Leadership Bank, heir to the Whitney fortune, trustee Asia Foundation.
Krech, Alvin W.		died	Chairman Equitable Trust Co. in the 1920s, involved with financing Communism.
Lader, Philip			Philip Lader's education includes: Duke University (Phi Beta Kappa), The University of Michigan (M.A., History), graduate studies in law at Oxford University, and Harvard Law School (J.D.). He has been awarded honorary doctorates by 14 American and British universities and colleges. President of Sea Pines Company and Executive Vice President of the late Sir James Goldsmith’s US holding company. His education includes a juris doctorate from Harvard Law School, a master of arts degree in history from the University of Michigan, a bachelor of arts degree (Phi Beta Kappa) from Duke University, as well as graduate studies in law at Oxford University. In 1981 Lader founded the Renaissance Weekends. His wife, Linda LeSourd Lader, is President of the Renaissance Institute. Between 1991 and 1993 he was president of the controversial first private university in Australia, Bond University. White House Deputy Chief of Staff and Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget 1993-1994. From October 1994 until 1997 he was the Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration. US Ambassador to Britain 1997-2001. As ex-ambassador, almost reduced to tears in a British show 2 days after 911. Lader tried to express his sadness over the attacks when a number of audience members had shouted him down to voice their anti-US opinions. Lader is an Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford University, and London Business School, an Honorary Bencher of the Middle Temple, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and Chief Executives Organization. Currently a Senior Advisor to Morgan Stanley, a director of RAND, Marathon Oil and AES Corporations, a member of the Council of Lloyds, a trustee of the British Museum, and a board member of Saint Paul's Cathedral, the Windsor Leadership Trust, the Prince of Wales' Trust and the British-American Business Advisory Council. He is also a partner in the law firm, Nelson, Mullins, Riley & Scarborough. Non-executive chairman of WPP since 2001, the communications company that owns PR companies including Hill & Knowlton, Burson-Marsteller, GCI, and Cohn & Wolfe.
Lamington, 2nd Lord		1860-1940	Full name was Charles Wallace Alexander Napier Cochrane-Baillie. Oxford friend of Pilgrims Society member Lord Curzon. Served under Curzon in India. Served as assistant private secretary to the 3rd Marquess Salisbury (Cecil; coordinator of the later Round Table), Prime Minister in 1885. Member of Parliament for North St Pancras 1886-1890. Governor of Queensland 1895-1901. Identified as a member of the Pilgrims Society in 1903. Governor of Bombay 1903-1907. Elected as the Grand Master of all Scottish Freemasonry in India on July 24, 1904. Co-founder of the Persia Society of London in 1911, a non-political body designed "to promote the sympathy existing between the British and Persian nations". Lord Lamington became the President of its Council of seven, which included Sir Thomas Barclay. Initial president of the Iran Society, which was founded in 1935. The Aga Khan of that time, a family which is still closely associated with the Rockefellers, Rothschilds, Lazards, and Buckleys of today, was one of the first to give a lecture to that society in 1936. Attended the March 13, 1940 Royal central Asian Society meeting at Caxton Hall where Sir Michael O'Dwyer was assassinated and himself wounded. Received the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George.
Lamont, Thomas William	chairman exec. committee	1870-1948	Harvard, reporter New York Tribune in 1893, secretary Bankers Trust Company 1903-1904, vice-president Bankers Trust Company, partner J.P. Morgan & Co. 1911, representative of the United States Treasury at the WWI Paris peace talks in 1919, director of the First National Bank of New York, became chairman of J.P. Morgan & Company when Jack Morgan died in 1943, director U.S. Steel, A.T. & San Francisco Railway; International Agricultural Corporation, chairman International Consortium for Assistance to China, honorary chairman associated Harvard Clubs, arranged a $100 million loan to Mussolini in 1926. Has been described as one of the most influential persons of his time. According to Carroll Quigley, he and his son were primary sponsors of the Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR).
Lamont, Gordon		1893-dead	Cousin of Pilgrims Corliss and Thomas Lamont, director Lamont, Corliss & Company 1925-1951, president of Dairy Industry Supply Association 1944-1946, director Dairy Society International, chairman Beryllium Corporation 1955-1958, director of Nestle, mayor of Jupiter Island, Florida, 1967-1977.
Lamont, Thomas Stilwell		1899-dead	Overseer of Harvard University, joined J.P. Morgan & Co. in 1922, vice chairman 1955-1958, director Phelps-Dodge Corporation (the world's number two leading producer of copper and molybdenum and is the world's largest producer of continuous-cast copper rod), director International Minerals & Chemicals, director Texas Gulf Sulphur, director Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, trustee Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, president Phillips Exeter Academy 1946-1956.
Lamont, Corliss (*may not have been a member, but certainly was as close as you can get)		1902-1995	Son of Thomas W. Lamont and younger brother of Thomas S. Lamont, leading Socialist-Communist in the United States, contributing editor to a publication called “Soviet Russia Today”, professor of philosophy at Columbia University 1928-1932, during the time when Pilgrim president Nicholas Murray Butler was also the president of Columbia university (who loved totalitarian systems), chairman Congress of American-Soviet Friendship, director American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), advisor to the American Humanist Association 1939-1941, instructor at the New School for Social Research 1940-1942 , member American Academy of Arts and Sciences, wrote “Russia Day By Day.”(1933), “You Might Like Socialism---A Way of Life For Modern Man.” (1939) and “I Want To Be Like Stalin” (1947), indicted for contempt of Congress in 1956, but was rescued by a United States Court of Appeals, member of the Foreign Policy Association and the American Association for the United Nations. He was accused by Senator Joseph McCarthy of being "un-American".
Lansing, Robert		1864-1928	His father-in-law was the grandfather of John and Allen Dulles, founded the American Journal of International Law in 1907 and remained an editor of it until his death, Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson 1915-1920 , strong advocate of U.S. participation in World War I, nominal head of the U.S. commission to the Paris Peace Conference, did not regard the League of Nations as essential to the peace treaty and began to fall out of favor with Wilson, legal counsel to the Chinese Government, trustee of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Lavis, Fred		1864-1928	Married Blanche Biddle of Nicholas Biddle in 1902, U.S. president of International Railways of Central America in 1928.
Lee, Ivy L.		1877-1934	newspaperman in New York City, lecturer London School of Economics 1911-1912, public relations expert and publicist for the Pennsylvania Railroad and for John D. Rockefeller Jr., working for Rockefeller he laid the foundation for Communist propaganda and is even said to have inspired Hitler and Stalin on this subject, made a 2-week trip to Russia on behalf of John D. Rockefeller in May of 1927, member of the Royal Economic Society, director Research Corporation 1925-1934.
Lee, James E.		1906-died	Son of Ivy L. Lee, member Royal Economic Society, chairman and CEO Gulf Oil Corporation, director Chevron. Joy Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh National Bank, PNC Financial Corp., Gulf Canada Ltd., the American Petroleum Institute and West Penn Hospital, member Council on Foreign Relations.
Leffingwell, Russell C.		1878-1960	Under Secretary of the Treasury. Director and trustee Carnegie Corporation, present at the 1919 Versailles Peace Conference. Director Council on Foreign Relations 1927-1943. Vice-president Council on Foreign Relations 1943-1944. President Council on Foreign Relations 1944-1946. Chairman Council on Foreign Relations 1946-1953. Senior partner J.P. Morgan & Company. Chairman J.P. Morgan & Company 1948-1950. Co-founder of the American-Australian Association in 1948. Good friend of John Maynard Keynes, who he would receive at his Morgan office when Keynes visited the United States. Director Council on Foreign Relations 1953-1960.
Lehman, Robert		1891 - 1969	The Lehmans are one of America's most prominent German-Jewish dynasties. Their ancestor, Abraham Lehmann (1785-1865), lived in the Bavarian village of Rimpar. After their emigration to Montgomery, Alabama, in the middle of the nineteenth century, his sons founded the banking firm of Lehman Brothers, today one of the most prestigious on Wall Street. Educated at Yale University. Robert Lehman was chairman of Lehman Brothers until 1969. He was the first one to invite non-family members to become partners in the firm. Had a large art collection.
Leslie, John Ethelbert		unknown	Governor of the United Nations Association. Director of the Foreign Policy Association. Director of the France-America Society. Chairman Bache Group. Trustee of the Institute for International Education. Co-founder of the The American Austrian Foundation in 1984, together with Cyrus Vance, David Rockefeller, and George Ball. Member Council on Foreign Relations. Recipient of decorations from Portugal, France, Austria and West Germany.
Louis, John J., Jr.		died 1995	He enrolled at Northwestern for one year before entering World War II as a aviator. After service he graduated from Williams College and then received an MBA from Amos Tuck at Dartmouth. After several years in advertising John became a venture capitalist. In 1946, John J. Louis became Chairman of the Board of The KTAR Broadcasting Company. Father died in 1959. Chairman of The KTAR Broadcasting Company by 1960. Long a contributor to the republican party. Ambassador to Great Britain 1981-1983. Trustee of Northwestern University from 1972 to 1995.
Lucas, Charles Clement, Jr.		alive	Son of Charles Clement Lucas, Sr., and Sallie Elizabeth Williams was born in Wilson, North Carolina. He attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he received an A.B. in Chemistry and History, and the Doctor of Medicine. He completed his medical training at Duke University where he was Chief Resident of Family Practice. He was elected to membership in the Order of the Old Well at the University of North Carolina. For his medical leadership activities in North Carolina he received The Order of the Long Leaf Pine, the highest award given by the State of North Carolina. Dr. Lucas served in the United States Public Health Service from 1970-1972 and was commissioned as Senior Assistant Surgeon. Dr. Lucas moved to New York City in 1979 where he lived until 1988 when he moved to Greenwich, Connecticut. He maintains a private practice of internal medicine in Larchmont, New York, and is certified by the American Board of Family Practice. r. Lucas is a member of the Pilgrims of the United States; Northeast Harbor Swim and Tennis; Squadron A Association of New York; Northeast Harbor Fleet; The Union Club of the City of New York; Soldiers Sailors Marines Airmen Club; American Philosophical Society; Youth Foundation of the City of New York; Christ Episcopal Church, Greenwich; New York Academy of Sciences; North Carolina Society of the City of New York; The Dinner Dancers of the City of New York. He is also a member of the Holland Lodge #8, F &AM; Ancient Chapter No.1, Royal Arch Masons; Morton Commandery No. 4, New York City, Knights Templar; Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Valley of New York, 32nd degree. Leading figure in many blue blood/templar organizations. Among them are the Society of Descendants of Knights of the Garter, Order of the Crown in America, National Society Americans of Royal Descent, Order of the Merovingian Dynasty (Founder Member; Secretary General), Order of the Crown of Charlemagne in the United States, Military Order of the Crusades, Order of Three Crusades 1096-1192, Order of Descendants of Ancient Planters, General Society of Colonial Wars , etc., etc. Serving Brother of the Order of St. John (bestowed by Queen Elizabeth II). Chirurgeon of the Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem.
Luce, Henry Robinson		1898-1967	His mother was Elizabeth Root, from a family that had earlier intermarried with the Spencers and Pomeroys. Born in Shantung Province, China, in Presbyterian mission house. Attended Chefoo School, Chefoo [Yantai], China from 1908-1912. Attended St. Alban's School north of London, England 1912-1913. Attended Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, Conn. 1913-1916. B.A., Yale University in 1920 where he was introduced into Skull & Bones. Student at Oxford University in England 1920-1921. Reporter for the Chicago Daily News and Baltimore Sun 1921-1922. Cofounded Time with Briton Hadden (Skull & Bones 1920) in 1923 with the help of J.P. Morgan partners Thomas Lamont and Dwight Morrow. Harvey Firestone, E. Roland Harriman, and various members of the Harkness family were other funders of his early media empire. Married to Lila Holz 1923-1935. Founded Fortune in 1930. Editor-in-chief, Time Publications 1930-1938. First “March of Time” radio program in 1931. First “March of Time” newsreel in 1935. Married Clare Boothe Luce, a Dame of Malta, in 1935. Founded Life in 1936. Editorial director, Time, inc. 1938. Organizer of United China Relief in 1940. Initiated the Commission on Freedom of the Press in 1944. Awarded the Order of Auspicious Star (China) in 1947. Founded House and Home in 1952. Founded Sports Illustrated in 1954. Influential member of the Republican Party. Member of the Atlantic Union. Luce was a strong opponent of Fidel Castro and his revolutionary government in Cuba. This included the funding of Alpha 66 (which was guided by the CIA). In 1962 and 1963 Alpha 66 launched several raids on Cuba which included attacks on port installations and foreign shipping. When Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963, Luce's Life Magazine purchased the Zapruder Film for $150,000. Soon after the assassination they also successfully negotiated with Marina Oswald the exclusive rights to her story. This story never appeared in print, but in an interview she gave to the Ladies Home Journal in September 1988 she argued: "I believe he worked for the American government... He was taught the Russian language when he was in the military. Do you think that is usual, that an ordinary soldier is taught Russian? Also, he got in and out of Russia quite easily, and he got me out quite easily." Luce published individual frames of Zapruder's film but did not allow the film to be screened in its entirety. It was shown to the public in March 1975 which convinced many that the fatal head shot come from the Grassy Knoll (because of Kennedy's violent backward and leftward movement while the bullet is supposed to have come from the back). Writers such as Noel Twyman, David Lifton, Jack White, John Costella and David Mantik have claimed that the Zapruder Film has been tampered with. Retired from Time/Life in 1964.
Luce, Henry III	president	1925-alive	Grandson of the famous Henry Luce (who's wife was a Dame of Malta). The original Henry Luce was a Skull & Bones member, a media giant (owned Time, Fortune & Life Magazine together with House & Home and Sports Illustrated), and quickly bought and held on to the JFK Zapruder film in 1963. Henry Luce III worked his way up in his father's media empire and later inherited it. Luce began at Time as a correspondent in Washington, D.C. Moving to New York in 1953, he served as a Time contributing editor whose cover stories included those on Joseph R. McCarthy and then Vice President Richard M. Nixon. In 1956 he became head of the Time's New Building Department which planned and supervised construction of the new Time & Life Building in Rockefeller Center. Following completion of the building in 1960, he held a number of posts at Time Inc., including Circulation Director of Fortune, Architectural Forum and House and Home. In 1964 he became a vice president of Time Inc., and later, director of Research and Development. He became Time's London Bureau Chief in 1966, publisher of Fortune in 1968 and publisher of Time in 1969. Before joining the Time, Inc., Mr. Luce served on the staff of the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government (the first Hoover Commission) as assistant to Commissioner Joseph P. Kennedy (Knight of Malta), followed by two years as a reporter for the Cleveland Press. CEO & president Henry Luce Foundation 1958-1990. Chairman Henry Luce Foundation 1990-2002. Trustee of Princeton Theological Seminary, the Center of Theological Inquiry, The Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, The New York Historical Society, the Brooklyn Museum of Art, and A Christian Ministry in National Parks. He is a director of the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations and of the Foreign Policy Association, as well as the founding member of the American Council for the United Nations University. He is Chairman of the Graduate Theological Union's President's Advisory Council, and he is a charter member of Yale University's President's Council on International Activities. He is a commissioner of the National Museum of American Art, and on the Advisory Councils of the Fulbright Commission, The Newark Museum and the National Academy Museum and School of Fine Art. He is an emeritus life trustee of the College of Wooster. He is Chairman of American Security Systems, Inc. and a director of the Fishers Island Development Company. He is the former president of the New Museum of Contemporary Art (1977-1998). From 1960 to 1972 he was president of the board of trustees of St., Bernard's School, Gladstone, New Jersey. He is the former chairman of the China Institute in America (1975-1978) and was a trustee from 1988-1998. He is a former trustee of the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia (1958-1993), the American Federation of Arts, the Academy of American Poets, the Pan American Development Foundation (1983-1994), the American Friends of Canada (1990-1994), the Skowhegan School of Painting & Sculpture (1973-88), the Yale-China Association (1979-88) and the Association to Unite the Democracies (1982-88) and a former director of Circle Repertory Company (1981-88) and of the U.S. Committee for UNICEF (1990-1993). He is an elder of the Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church and president of the Pilgrims of the United States. He is a member of The Brook and the University Club (former Council member).
Maclamroc, James Gwaltney Westwarren	exec. committee	1905-died	Historian, attorney, colonel, North Carolina financier, broadcasting magnate, land baron, Order of the Crown in America, Society of Americans of Royal Descent, directed the design of the seal for his county (Guilford).
Macomber, John Dewitt		1928-alive	Married into the Morgan family. CEO and chairman Celanese Corporation. CEO of JDM Investment Group. Chairman and president of the Export-Import Bank of the U.S. (EXIMBANK)1989-1992. Director of R.J. Reynolds Industries and Chase Manhattan Bank. Member Atlantic Institute for International Affairs, the Pilgrims Society, the Atlantic Council of the United States, and the Council on Foreign Relations.