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Revisionism
104
How the British Obtained the Confessions of
Rudolf Hoess
by Robert Faurisson
From The Journal
of Historical Review, Vol. 7, Number 4 (Winter 1986-87):
Rudolf Hoess was the first of three successive commandants of
the Auschwitz concentration camp. He is often called "THE Commandant of
Auschwitz," and the general public knows of him from a book published under
the title Commandant in Auschwitz. He appeared before the International
Military Tribunal as a witness on 15 April 1946, where his deposition caused a
sensation. To the amazement of the defendants and in the presence of journalists
from around the world, he confessed to the most frightful crimes that history
had ever known. He said that he had personally received an order from Himmler to
exterminate the Jews. He estimated that at Auschwitz 3,000,000 people had been
exterminated, 2,500,000 of them by means of gas chambers. His confessions were
false. They had been extorted from Hoess by torture, but it took until 1983 to
learn the identity of the torturers and the nature of the tortures they
inflicted upon him.
The confessions of Rudolf Hoess supply the keystone to the
theory which maintains that the systematic extermination of the Jews, especially
by means of homicidal gas chambers, was a historical reality. These confessions
consist essentially of four documents which, in chronological order, are the
following:
1. A written deposition signed on 14 March (or 15 March?) 1946
at 2:30 in the morning; it is an 8-page typed text written in German; I do not
think, under normal circumstances, a court in any democracy would agree to take
into consideration those pages, lacking as they did any heading and any printed
administrative reference; and crawling with various corrections, whether typed
or handwritten, uninitialled and without a notation at the end of the total
number of words corrected or deleted. Hoess signed it for the first time after
having written: "14.3.46 2:30." He signed again after two lines which
are supposed to have been handwritten but which were typed, and which say:
I have read the above account and confirm that it is
corresponding to my own statement and that it was the pure truth. [Official
translation.]
The names and the signatures of the two witnesses, British
sargeants, follow. One did not note the date, while the other indicated 15
March. The last signature is that of a captain of the 92nd Field Security
Section, who certifies that the two sargeants were present throughout the entire
proceedings, during which the prisoner Rudolf Hoess made his statement
voluntarily. The date indicated is 14 March 1946. Nothing indicates the place!
The Allies numbered this document NO-1210.
2. An affidavit signed 22 days later on 5 APril 1946. It is a
typed text, 2 1/4 pages long, written in English. That is surprising: thereby
Hoess signed a declaration under oath, not in his own language but in that of
his guards. His signature appeared three times: at the bottom of the first two
pages, then on the third and last page, after a text of four lines, still in
English, still typed, which reads:
I understand English as it is written above. The above
statements are true; this declaration is made by me voluntarily and without
compulsion; after reading over the statement, I have signed and executed the
same at Nurnberg, Germany, on the fifth day of April 1946.
There follows the signature of Lieutenant-Colonel Smith W.
Brookhart after the statement: "Subscribed and sworn before me this 5th day
of April, 1946, at Nurnberg, Germany."
In its form, this text is, if possible, even less acceptable
than the preceding one. In particular, entire lines have been added in capital
letters in the English style, while others are crossed out with a stroke of the
pen. There is no initialling in the margin next to these corrections, and no
summary at the end of the document of the number of words struck out. The Allies
assigned this document the number PS-3868.
In order to hide the fact that Hoess had signed an affidavit
that was in English when it ought to have been in his own language, German, and
in order to make the crossed-out words and the additions and corrections
disappear, the following trick was used at Nuremberg: the original text was
recast and presented as a "Translation," meaning from German into
English! But the person responsible for this deception did his work too quickly.
He thought that a handwritten addition to paragraph 10 (done in an English
handwriting style) was an addition to the end of paragraph 9. The result of that
misunderstanding is that the end of paragraph 9 is rendered totally
incomprehensible. There are, therefore, two different documents that bear the
same file number, PS-3868: the document signed by Hoess and the
"remake." It is the "remake," really a glaring forgery, that
was used before the Nuremberg tribunal. One historical work that claimed to
reproduce document PS-3868 by Hoess in fact reproduced the "remake"
but omitted (without saying so) the end of paragraph 9 as well as all of
paragraph 10: see Henri Monneray, La Persecution des Juifs dan les pays de
l'Est presentee a Nuremberg, Paris, Center for Contemporary Jewish
Documentation, 1949, pp. 159-162.
3. The spectacular oral deposition, which I have already
mentioned, made before the IMT on 15 April 1946, ten days after the writing of
document PS-3868. Paradoxically, it was a lawyer for the defense, Kurt Kauffmann,
Ernst Kaltenbrunner's attorney, who had asked for Hoess's appearance. His
obvious intention was to show that the person responsible for the presumed
extermination was Himmler and not Kaltenbrunner. When it came time for the
representative of the prosecution (at that point the American assistant
prosecutor, Col. Harlan Amen) to question Hoess, he seemed to be reading from
the affidavit signed by the latter but, in fact, he was reading excerpts from
the "remake." Col. Amen gave an excuse for not reading paragraph 9
(and, at the same time, paragraph 8). Stopping after reading each excerpt, he
asked Hoess if that was in fact what he had stated. He received the following
responses: "Jawohl," "Jawohl," "Jawohl," "Ja,
es stimmt," a two sentence response (containing an obvious error about the
Hungarian Jews supposedly having been killed at Auschwitz as early as 1943 even
though the first convoy of them did not arrive at Auschwitz until May 2 of
1944), "Jawohl," "Jawohl," "Jawohl," a
one-sentence response, "Jawohl," and "Jawohl." [IMG, XI, pp.
457-461].*
*Hoess is quoted according to the text of the German-language
edition of the IMT series.
In a normal murder case there would have been a hundred
questions to ask about the extermination and the gas chambers (that is to say
about the crime and an instrument of the crime which were without precedent in
history), but no one asked those questions. In particular, Colonel Amen did not
ask for a single detail nor for any additional information about the frightening
text which he had read in the presence of journalists whose stories would make
the headlines in newspapers around the world the next day.
4. The texts generally collected under the title Commandant
in Auschwitz. Hoess is alleged to have written these texts in pencil under
the watchful eye of his Polish-Communist jailers, while in a prison at Cracow
awaiting his trial. He was condemned to death on 2 April 1947 and hanged at the
Auschwitz concentration camp fourteen days later. The world had to wait 11
years, until 1958, for the publication in German of his alleged memoirs. They
were edited by the German historian Martin Broszat without regard for scholarly
method. Broszat went so far as to suppress several fragments which would have
too clearly made it appear that Hoess (or his Polish jailers) had offered
outrageous statments which would have called into question the reliability of
his writings IN TOTO.
The four documents that I have just enumerated are closely
connected in their origin. Looking at them more closely, there are
contradictions among their respective contents, but, for the most part, they are
internally consistent. The eight pages of NO-1210 are in a sense summed up in
the 2 1/4 pages of PS-3868; that latter document served as the central document
in the oral testimony before the IMT; and, finally, the memoirs written at
Cracow crown the whole. The base and the matrix are thus document NO-1210. It
was in the Cracow memoirs, written under the supervision of Polish examining
magistrate Jan Sehn, that Hoess was to give particulars about how the British
had obtained that very first confession.
HOESS'S REVELATIONS ABOUT HIS FIRST CONFESSION
(Document
NO-1210 of 14 or 15 March 1946)
The war ended in Germany on 8 May 1945. Hoess fell into the
hands of the British, who imprisoned him in a camp for SS men. As a trained
agronomist, he obtained an early release. His guards were unaware of the
importance of their prey. A work office found him employment as an agricultural
worker at a farm near Flensburg, not far from the Danish border. He remained
there for eight months. The military police looked for him. His family, with
whom he succeeded in making contact, was closely watched and subjected to
frequent searches.
In his memoirs Hoess recounts the circumstances of his arrest
and what followed. The treatment that he underwent was particularly brutal. At
first sight it is surprising that the Poles allowed Hoess to make the
revelations he did about the British military police. On reflection, we discover
that they might have done so out of one or more of the following motives:
- to give the confession an appearance of sincerity and
veracity;
- to cause the reader to make a comparison, flattering for
the Polish Communists, between the British and Polish methods. Indeed Hoess
later said that during the first part of his detention at Cracow, his
jailers came very close to finishing him off physically and above all
morally, but that later they treated him with "such decent and
considerate treatment" that he consented to write his memoirs;
- to furnish an explanation for certain absurdities contained
in the text (NO-1210) that the British police had had Hoess sign, one of
these absurdities being the invention of an "extermination camp"
in a place which never existed on any Polish map: "Wolzek near Lublin";
confusion with Belzec is not possible since Hoess talks about three camps:
"Belzek (sic), Tublinka (sic) and Wolzek near Lublin." Farther on,
the spelling of Treblinka will be corrected. Let us note in passing that the
camps of Belzec and Treblinka did not yet exist at the time (June 1941) when
Himmler, according to Hoess, told him that they were already functioning as
"extermination camps."
Here are the words Hoess uses to describe, in succession, his
arrest by the British; his signing of the document that would become NO-1210;
his transfer to Minden-on-the-Weser, where the treatment he underwent was worse
yet; his stay at the Nuremberg tribunal's prison; and, finally, his extradition
to Poland.
I was arrested on 11 March 1946 [at 11 pm].
My phial of poison had been broken two days before.
When I was aroused from sleep, I thought at first I was being
attacked by robbers, for many robberies were tkaing place at that time. That was
how they managed to arrest me. I was maltreated by the Field Security Police.
I was taken to Heide where I was put in those very barracks
from which I had been released by the British eight months earlier.
At my first interrogation, evidence was obtained by beating
me. I do not know what is in the record, although I signed it. Alcohol and the
whip were too much for me. The whip was my own, which by chance had got into my
wife's luggage. It had hardly ever touched my horse, far less the prisoners.
Nevertheless, one of my interrogators was convinced that I had perpetually used
it for flogging the prisoners.
After some days I was taken to Minden-on-the-Weser, the main
interrogation centre in the British Zone. There I received further rough
treatment at the hands of the English public prosecutor, a major.
The conditions in the prison accorded with this
behaviour.
After three weeks, to my surprised, I was shaved and had my
hair cut and I was allowed to wash. My handcuffs had not previously been removed
since my arrest.
On the next day I was taken by lorry to Nuremberg, together
with a prisoner of war who had been brought over from London as a witness in
Fritzsche's defence. My imprisonment by the International Military Tribunal was
a rest-cure compared to what I had been through before. I was accommodated in
the same building as the principal accused, and every day we were visited by
representatives for all the Allied nations. I was always pointed out as an
especially interesting animal.
I was in Nuremberg because Kaltenbrunner's counsel had
demanded me as a witness for his defence. I have never been able to grasp, and
it is still not clear to me, how I of all people could have helped to exonerate
Kaltenbrunner. Although the conditions in prison were, in every respect, good --
I read whenever I had the time, and there was a well stocked library available
-- the interrogations were extremely unpleasant, not so much physically, but far
more because of their strong psychological effect. I cannot really blame the
interrogators -- they were all Jews.
Psychologically I was almost cut in pieces. They wanted to
know all about everything, and this was also done by Jews. They left me in no
doubt whatever as to the fate that was in store for me.
On 25 May, my wedding anniversary as it happened, I was driven
with von Burgsdorff and Buhler to the aerodrome and there handed over to Polish
officers. We flew in an American plane via Berlin to Warsaw. Although we were
treated very politely during our journey, I feared the worst when I remembered
my experiences in the British Zone and the tales I had heard about the way
people were being treated in the East. (Commandant in Auschwitz,
Introduction by Lord Russell of Liverpool, English translation, Weidenfeld and
Nicolson, 1959, p. 173-175.)
REVELATIONS IN 1983 ABOUT THE BRITISH TORTURERS OF RUDOLF
HOESS
The Revisionists proved a long time ago that the various
confessions of Rudolf Hoess contained so many gross errors, nonsensical
elements, and impossibilities of all kinds, that it is no longer possible to
believe them, as did the judges at Nuremberg and Cracow, as well as certain
self-styled historians, without any prior analysis of their content and of the
circumstances in which they were obtained.
It was suspected that, in all likelihood, Hoess was tortured
by the British soldiers of the 92nd Field Security Section, but a confirmation
of that hypothesis was necessary. Confirmation has come with the publication in
England of a book containing the name of the principal torturer (a British
sargeant of Jewish origin) and a description of the circumstances of Hoess's
arrest, as well as his third-degree interrogation.
The book is by Rupert Butler. It was published in 1983 (Hamlyn
Paperbacks). Butler is the author of three other works: The Black Angels,
Hand of Steel and Gestapo, all published by Hamlyn. The book
that interests us is entitled Legions of Death. Its inspiration is
anti-Nazi. Butler says that he researched this book at the Imperial War Museum
in London, the Institute for Contemporary History and Wiener Library, and other
such prestigious institutions. At the beginning of his book, he expresses his
gratitude to these institutions and, among others, to two persons, one of whom
is Bernard Clarke ("who captured Auschwitz Commandant Rudolf Hoess").
The author quotes several fragments of what are either written or recorded
statements by Clarke.
Bernard Clarke shows no remorse. On the contrary, he exhibits
a certain pride in having tortured a "Nazi." Rupert Butler, likewise,
finds nothing to criticize in that. Neither of them understands the importance
of their revelations. They say that Hoess was arrested on 11 March, 1946, and
that it took three days of torture to obtain "a coherent statement."
They do not realize that the alleged "coherent statement" is nothing
other than the lunatic confession, signed by their quivering victim on the 14th
or 15th of March 1946, at 2:30 in the morning, which was to seal Hoess's fate
definitely, a confession which would also give definitive shape to the myth. The
confession would also shape decisively the myth of Auschwitz, the supposed
high-point of the extermination of the Jews, above all due to the alleged use of
homicidal gas chambers.
On 11 March 1946, a Captain Cross, Bernard Clarke and four
other intelligence specialists in British uniforms, most of them tall and
menacing, entered the home of Frau Hoess and her children. The six men, we are
told, were all "practiced in the more sophisticated techniques of sustained
and merciless investigation" (p. 235). Clarke began to shout:
If you don't tell us [where your husband is] we'll turn you
over to the Russians and they'll put you before a firing-squad. Your son will go
to Siberia.
Frau Hoess broke down and revealed, says Clarke, the location
of the farm where her husband was in hiding, as well as his assumed name: Franz
Lang. And Bernard Clarke added:
Suitable intimidation of the son and daughter produced
precisely identical information.
The Jewish sargeant and the five other specialists in third
degree interrogation then left to seek out Hoess, whom they surprised in the
middle of the night, sleeping in an alcove of the room used to slaughter cattle
on the farm.
Hoess screamed in terror at the mere sight of British
uniforms.
Clarke yelled: "What is your name?"
With each answer of "Franz Lang," Clarke's hand
crashed into the face of his prisoner. The fourth time that happened, Hoess
broke and admitted who he was.
The admission suddenly unleashed the loathing of the Jewish
sargeants in the arresting party whose parents had died in Auschwitz following
an order signed by Hoess.
The prisoner was torn from the top bunk, the pyjamas ripped
from his body. He was then dragged naked to one of the slaughter tables, where
it seemed to Clarke the blows and screams were endless.
Eventually, the Medical Officer urged the Captain: "Call
them off, unless you want to take back a corpse."
A blanket was thrown over Hoess and he was dragged to Clarke's
car, where the sargeant poured a substantial slug of whiskey down his throat.
Then Hoess tried to sleep.
Clarke thrust his service stick under the man's eyelids and
ordered in German: "Keep your pig eyes open, you swine."
For the first time Hoess trotted out his oft-repeated
justification: "I took my orders from Himmler. I am a soldier in the same
way as you are a soldier and we had to obey orders."
The party arrived back at Heide around three in the morning.
The snow was swirling still, but the blanket was torn from Hoess and he was made
to walk completely nude through the prison yard to his cell. (p. 237)
So it is that Bernard Clarke reveals: "It took three days
to get a coherent statement out of [Hoess]" (ibid.). This admission was
corroborated by Mr. Ken Jones in an article in the Wrexham Leader
(October 17, 1986):
Mr. Ken Jones was then a private with the Fifth Royal Horse
Artillery stationed at Heid[e] in Schleswig-Holstein. "They brought him to
us when he refused to cooperate over questioning about his activites during the
war. He came in the winter of 1945/6 and was put in a small jail cell in the
barracks," recalls Mr. Jones. Two other soldiers were detailed with Mr.
Jones to join Hoess in his cell to help break him down for interrogation.
"We sat in the cell with him, night and day, armed with axe handles. Our
job was to prod him every time he fell asleep to help break down his
resistance," said Mr. Jones. When Hoess was taken out for exercise, he was
made to wear only jeans and a thin cotton shirt in the bitter cold. After three
days and nights without sleep, Hoess finally broke down and made a full
confession to the authorities.
Clarke's statement, obtained under the conditions just
described by bullies of British Military Security under the brutal inspiration
of sargeant-interpreter Bernard Clarke, became Hoess's first confession, the
original confession indexed under the number NO-1210. Once the tortured prisoner
had begun to talk, according to Clarke, it was impossible to stop him. Clarke,
no more conscious in 1982 or 1983 than in 1946 of the enormity of what he forced
Hoess to confess, goes on to describe a series of fictitious horrors presented
here as the truth: Hoess went on to tell how, after the bodies had been ignited,
the fat oozing from them was poured over the other bodies(!). He estimated the
number of dead during just the period when he was at Auschwitz at two million
(!); the killings reached 10,000 victims per day(!).
It was Clarke's duty to censor the letters sent by Hoess to
his wife and children. Every policeman knows that the power to grant or withhold
permission to a prisoner to write to his family constitutes a psychological
weapon. To make a prisoner "sing" it is sometimes sufficient to merely
suspend or cancel that authorization. Clarke makes an interesting remark about
the contents of Hoess's letters; he confides to us:
Sometimes a lump came to my throat. There were two different
men in that one man. One was brutal with no regard for human life. The other was
soft and affectionate. (p. 238)
Rupert Butler ends his narrative by saying that Hoess sought
neither to deny nor to escape his responsibilities. In effect, at the Nuremberg
tribunal Hoess conducted himself with a "schizoid apathy." The
expression is that of the American prison psychologist, G.M. Gilbert, who was in
charge of the psychological surveillance of the prisoners and whose
eavesdropping aided the American prosecution. We can certainly believe that
Hoess was "split in two"! He had the appearance of a rag because they
had turned him into a rag. "Apathetic," writes Gilbert on page 229 of
his book; "apathetic," he repeats on the following page;
"schizoid apathy," he writes on page 239 (Nuremberg Diary,
1947, Signet Book: 1961).
At the end of his trial at Cracow, Hoess greeted his death
sentence with apparent indifference. Rupert Butler comments as follows:
[Hoess] reasoned that Allies had their orders and that there
could be absolutely no question of these not being carried out. (ibid.)
One could not say it any better. It seems that Rudolf Hoess,
like thousands of accused Germans turned over to the mercy of conquerors who
were totally convinced of their own goodness, had quickly grasped that he had no
other choice but to suffer the will of his judges, whether they came from the
West or from the East.
Butler then quickly evokes the case of Hans Frank, the former
Governor of Poland. With the same tone of moral satisfaction he recounts the
circumstances of Frank's capture and subsequent treatment:
Celebrity status of any kind singularly failed to impress the
two coloured GIs who arrested him and made sure he was transported to the
municipal prison in Miesbach only after he had been savagely beaten up and flung
into a lorry.
A tarpaulin had been thrown over him to hide the more obvious
signs of ill-treatment; Frank found the cover useful when he attempted to slash
an artery in his left arm.
Clearly, no such easy way out could be permitted: a US army
medical officer saved his life and he stood trial at the International Military
Tribunal at Nuremberg. (p. 238-239)
Rudolf Hoess and Hans Frank were not the only ones to undergo
treatment of that kind. Among the most celebrated cases, we know of Julius
Streicher, Hans Fritzsche, Oswald Pohl, Franz Ziereis, and Josef Kramer.
But the case of Rudolf Hoess is by far the most serious in its
consequences. There is no document that proves that the Germans had a policy of
exterminating the Jews. Leon Poliakov agreed with this in 1951:
As regards the conception properly called of the plan for a
total extermination, the three or four principal actors committed suicide in May
of 1945. No document has survived or perhaps has ever existed. (Breviaire de
la haine: Le Ille Reiche et les Juifs, Calmann-Levy, 1951, Livre de Poche,
1974, p. 171)
In the absence of any document, historians A LA Poliakov have
repeatedly returned, primarily, to doubtful confessions like those of Kurt
Gerstein or of Rudolf Hoess, sometimes modifying the texts to suit their
convenience.
Bernard Clarke is "today a successful businessman working
in the south of England" (Legions of Death, 1983, p. 235). One can
in fact say that it is HIS voice that was heard at Nuremberg on 15 April 1946,
when Assistant Prosecutor Amen read, piece by piece, to an astonished and
overwhelmed audience, the supposed confession of Rudolf Hoess. On that day was
launched a lie of world-wide dimensions: the lie of Auschwitz. At the origins of
that prodigious media event: several Jewish sargeants of British Military
Security, including Bernard Clarke, "today a successful businessman working
in the south of England."
THE TESTIMONY OF MORITZ VON SCHIRMEISTER
During the war, Moritz von Schirmeister had been the personal
press attache of Joseph Goebbels. On 29 June 1946, he was interrogated before
the IMT as a defense witness for Hans Fritzsche. His deposition was particularly
interesting regarding the actual personality of Dr. Goebbels and the attitude of
the official German news services toward the flood of atrocity stories about the
concentration camps spread during the war by the Allies.
At the end of the war, Moritz von Schirmeister had been
arrested by the British and interned in a camp in England, where he was given
the task of politically "re-educating" his fellow prisoners. Before
testifying at Nuremberg, he was transferred by plane from London to Germany. At
first he was kept at Minden-on-the-Weser, which was the principal interrogation
center for the British Military Police. From there he was taken by car (31 March
- 1 April 1946) to the prison at Nuremberg. In the same car rode Rudolf Hoess.
Moritz von Schirmeister is precisely that "prisoner of war who had been
brought over from London as a witness in Fritzsche's defence" about whom
Hoess speaks in his "memoirs" (see above, p. 393). Thanks to a
document that I obtained from American researcher Mark Weber, who gave me a copy
of it in Washington in September of 1983 (a document whose exact source I am not
yet authorized to indicate), we know that the two Germans were able to talk
freely in the car that took them to Nuremberg. In that document, slightly more
than two pages long, Moritz von Schirmeister reports, as regarding the charges
hanging over Hoess, that Hoess confided to him:
Gewiss, ich habe unterschrieben, dass ich 2 1/2 Millionen
Juden umgebracht habe. Aber ich hatte genausogut unterschrieben, dass es 5
Millionen Juden gewesen sind. Es gibt eben Methoden, mit denen man jedes
Gestandnis erreichen kann -- ob es nun wahr ist oder nicht.
"Certainly, I signed a statement that I killed two and a
half million Jews. But I could just as well have said that it was five million
Jews. There are certain methods by which any confession cam be obtained, whether
it is true or not."
ANOTHER CONFESSION SIGNED BY RUDOLF HOESS
The British torturers of Rudolf Hoess had no reason to
exercise any restraint. After making him sign document NO-1210 at 2:30 in the
morning of the 14th or 15th of March 1946, they obtained a new signature from
him on March 16, this time at the bottom of a text in English, written in an
English handwriting style, with a blank in the space where the name of the place
ought to have been given. His guards made him sign a simple note written in
English:
Statement made voluntarily at _________ Gaol by Rudolf Hoess,
former Commandant of Auschwitz Concentration Camp on 16th day of March 1946.
___________________________
I personally arranged on orders received from Himmler in May
1941 the gassing of two million persons between June/July 1941 and the end of
1943 during which time I was commandant of Auschwitz.
signed. Rudolf Hoess, SS-Stubhr. Eh. (?) Kdt. v.
Auschwitz-Birkenau
(even the word "signed" was written in an English
hand).
THE AUSCHWITZ MYTH
We have known for some time that the Auschwitz myth is of an
exclusively Jewish origin. Arthur R. Butz has related the facts in his book, The
Hoax of the Twentieth Century, as has Wilhelm Staglich in The Auschwitz
Myth. The principal authors of the creation and the peddling of the
"rumor of Auschwitz" have been, successively, two Slovaks, Alfred
Wetzler (or Weczler) and Rudolf Vrba (or Rosenberg or Rosenthal); then a
Hungarian, Rabbi Michael Dov Ber Weissmandel (or Weissmandl); then, in
Switzerland, representatives of the World Jewish Congress like Gerhard Riegner,
who were in touch with London and Washington; and finally Americans like Harry
Dexter White, Henry Morgenthau Jr. and Rabbi Steven Samuel Wise. Thus was born
the famous World Refugee Board Report on Auschwitz and Birkenau, published in
Washington in November 1944. Copies of this report were included in the files of
the judges advocate general in charge of prosecuting the Germans involved in the
Auschwitz camp. It constituted the official version of the story of the alleged
gassing of the Jews in that camp. Most probably it was used as a reference work
by the inquirers- interrogators-torturers of "THE Commandant of
Auschwitz." All the names here mentioned are those of Jews. Moreover we now
see that Bernard Clarke, the first British torturer, was a Jew. The second
British torturer, Major Draper (?), may also have been a Jew. The same for the
two Americans: psychologist G.M. (Gustave Mahler) Gilbert and Colonel Harlan
Amen. Finally, in Poland, Hoess was faced with Polish Jews who treated him more
or less the same way. When he wrote his "memoirs" it was under the
supervision of instructing magistrate Jan Sehn, who was also probably a Jew.
Establishment historians dispute that Hoess had been tortured
and had confessed under duress. Since the publication of Rupert Butler's book in
1983, however, it is no longer possible for them to contest that. The
Revisionists were right.
Since 1985 it is even less possible. In January-March 1985,
the trial of Ernst Zundel, who was accused by a Jewish association and by the
Crown of spreading Revisionist literature, took place in Toronto (Canada).
Rudolf Vrba testified as a Crown witness. (He lives now in British Columbia).
Affirmative and self-assured as long as he answered the questions of the Crown,
he suffered a spectacular rout when cross-examined by Ernst Zundel's lawyer,
Doug Christie. For the first time since 1945 a Jewish witness to the alleged
gassings in Auschwitz was asked to explain his affirmations and his figures. The
result was so terrible for R. Vrba that finally the Crown itself gave a kind of
coup de grace to its key witness. That unexpected event and some others (like
the leading specialist of the Holocaust, Raul Hilberg, being caught red-handed
in his lies) really made of the "Toronto Trial" the "Trial of the
Nuremberg Trial."
The unintentional revelations of Rupert Butler in 1983 and the
unexpected revelations of the "Toronto Trial" in 1985 have succeeded
at last in showing entirely and clearly how the Auschwitz myth was fabricated
from 1944 to 1947, to be exact from April 1944, when Rudolf Vrba and Alfred
Wetzler are supposed to have escaped from Auschwitz to tell their story to the
world up until April 1947, when Rudolf Hoess was hanged after having supposedly
told the same world his own story about Auschwitz.
It is remarkable that from beginning to end that story comes
from essentially or perhaps even exclusively Jewish sources. Two Jewish liars (Vrba
and Wetzler) from Slovakia convinced or seem to have convinced other Jews from
Hungary, Switzerland, the United States, Great Britain, and Poland. This is not
a conspiracy or a plot; it is the story of the birth of a religious belief: the
myth of Auschwitz, center of the religion of the Holocaust.
[Photograph captioned, "This photograph was published
after p. 161 of Lord Russell of Liverpool's Geissel der Menschheit,
Berlin, Verlag Volk und Welt, 1960. The title of the original book in English is
The Scourge of the Swastika. The caption of the photo says: 'The
Confession of Rudolf Hoess.' It is not NO-1210 or PS-3868 but only a very short
text of 16 March 1946. You will note the difference between the handwriting of
the text of the confession and Hoess's own handwriting. In his introduction to
the English edition of Commandant in Auschwitz Lord Russell claims to
furnish some informaiton on the conditions in which Hoess had to sign that note,
but, since he commits errors in the chronology of the events in that regard, his
information is to be received with reservations. (See Commandant in
Auschwitz, p. 18.)"]
[Photograph captioned, "The second photo was pubished as
photo #22 in Tom Bower, Blind Eye to Murder (Britain, America and the
Purging of Nazi Germany -- A Pledge Betrayed), Granada: London, Toronto, Sydney,
New York, 1981. The caption of the photo says: 'Colonel Gerald Draper of the
British War Crimes Group photographed as he finally secured the confession of
Rudolf Hoess, the commandant of Auschwitz, to the murder of three million
people.' As one remembers, Hoess said in his 'memoirs': 'I received further
rough treatment at the hands of the English public prosecutor, a major' (Commandant
in Auschwitz, p. 174). Did this major become a colonel and was his name
'Draper'?"]
[end of article]
[Reprinted from The Journal of Historical Review, P.O. Box
4296, Torrance, CA 90510, USA. Subscriptions: $40 per year (domestic).]
Reproduced gratefully from: The
Journal for Historical Review (http://www.ihr.org)
Simon Wiesenthal:
Fraudulent 'Nazi hunter'
by Mark Weber
For more than 40 years, Simon Wiesenthal has been tracking hundreds of
"Nazi criminals" from his "Jewish Documentation Center" in
Vienna. For his work as the world's most prominent "Nazi hunter," he
has been awarded several honorary degrees and numerous medals, including
Germany's highest decoration. In a formal White House ceremony in August 1980, a
teary-eyed President Carter presented him with a special gold medal awarded by
the US Congress. President Reagan praised him in November 1988 as one of the
"true heroes" of this century.
This living legend was portrayed in flattering terms by the late Laurence Oliver
in the 1978 film fantasy "The Boys From Brazil," and by Ben Kingsley
in the 1989 HBO made-for-television movie "Murderers Among Us: The Simon
Wiesenthal Story." One of world's most prominent Holocaust organizations
bears his name: the Simon Wiesenthal Center of Los Angeles.
Wiesenthal's reputation as a moral authority is undeserved. The man whom The
Washington Post has called the "Holocaust's Avenging Angel" (1) has a
little known but well-documented record of reckless disregard for truth. He has
lied about his own wartime experiences, misrepresented his postwar
"Nazi-hunting" achievements, and has spread vile falsehoods about
alleged German atrocities.
Different stories
Szymon (Simon) Wiesenthal was born on December 31, 1908, in Buczacz, a town in
the province of Galicia (now Buchach in Ukraine) in what was then the eastern
fringe of the Austro-Hungarian empire. His father was a prosperous wholesale
sugar merchant.
In spite of all that has been written about him, just what Wiesenthal did during
the war years under German occupation remains unclear. He has given conflicting
stories in three separate accounts of his wartime activities. The first was
given under oath during a two day interrogation session in May 1948 conducted by
an official of the US Nuremberg war crimes commission. (2) The second is a
summary of his life provided by Wiesenthal as part of a January 1949
"Application for Assistance" to the International Refugee Committee.
(3) And the third account is given in his autobiography, The Murderers Among
Us, first published in 1967. (4)
Soviet engineer or factory mechanic?
In his 1948 interrogation, Wiesenthal declared that "between 1939 and
1941" he was a "Soviet chief engineer working in Lvov and
Odessa." (5) Consistent with that, he stated in his 1949 declaration that
from December 1939 to April 1940 he worked as an architect in the Black Sea port
of Odessa. But according to his autobiography, he spent the period between
mid-September 1939 and June 1941 in Soviet-ruled Lvov, where he worked "as
a mechanic in a factory that produced bedsprings." (6)
'Relative freedom'
After the Germans took control of Galicia province in June 1941, Wiesenthal was
interned for a time in the Janowska concentration camp near Lvov, from where he
was transferred a few months later to a camp affiliated with the repair works (OAW)
in Lvov of the Ostbahn ("Eastern Railroad") of German-ruled Poland.
Wiesenthal reported in his autobiography that he worked there "as a
technician and draftsman," that he was rather well treated, and that his
immediate superior, who was "secretly anti-Nazi," even permitted him
to own two pistols. He had his own office in a "small wooden hut," and
enjoyed "relative freedom and was permitted to walk all over the
yards." (7)
Partisan fighter?
The next segment of Wiesenthal's life -- from October 1943 to June 1944 -- is
the most obscure, and his accounts of this period are contradictory. During his
1948 interrogation, Wiesenthal said that he fled from the Janowska camp in Lvov
and joined a "partisan group which operated in the Tarnopol-Kamenopodolsk
area."8 He said that "I was a partisan from October 6, 1943, until the
middle of February 1944," and declared that his unit fought against
Ukrainian forces, both of the SS "Galicia" division and of the
independent UPA partisan force.9
Wiesenthal said that he held the rank of lieutenant and then major, and was
responsible for building bunkers and fortification lines. Although he was not
explicit, he suggested that this (supposed) partisan unit was part of the Armia
Ludowa ("Peoples Army"), the Polish Communist military force
established and controlled by the Soviets.10
He said that he and other partisans slipped into Lvov in February 1944, where
they were "hidden by friends of the A.L. ['People's Army'] group." On
June 13, 1944, his group was captured by the German Secret Field Police.
(Although Jewish partisans caught in hiding were often shot, Wiesenthal reports
that he was somehow spared.) Wiesenthal told much the same story in his 1949
statement. He said that he fled from internment in early October 1943 and then
"fought against the Germans as a partisan in the forest" for eight
months -- from October 2, 1943, to March 1944. After that, he was "in
hiding" in Lvov from March to June 1944.
Wiesenthal tells a totally different story in his 1967 autobiography. He reports
there that after escaping from the Ostbahn Repair Works on Oct. 2, 1943, he
lived in hiding in the houses of various friends until June 13, 1944, when he
was discovered by Polish and German police and returned to a concentration camp.
He makes no mention of any partisan membership or activity.11
According to both his 1948 interrogation and his 1967 autobiography, he tried to
commit suicide on June 15, 1944, by cutting his wrists. Remarkably, though, he
was saved from death by German SS doctors and recovered in an SS hospital.12 He
remained in the Lvov concentration camp "with double rations" for a
time, and then, he reports in his autobiography, he was transferred to various
work camps. He spent the remaining chaotic months, until the end of the war, in
different camps until he was liberated from Mauthausen (in Austria) by American
forces on May 5, 1945.13
Did Wiesenthal invent a past as a heroic wartime partisan? Or did he later try
to suppress his record as a Communist fighter? Or is the true story altogether
different -- and too shameful to admit?
'Nazi agent'?
Did Wiesenthal voluntarily work for his wartime oppressors? That's the
accusation leveled by Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky, himself of Jewish
ancestry and leader for many years of his country's Socialist Party. During an
interview with foreign journalists in 1975, Kreisky charged Wiesenthal with
using "Mafia methods," rejected his pretense of "moral
authority," and suggested that he was an agent for the German authorities.
Some of his more pertinent remarks, which appeared in Austria's leading news
magazine Profil, include:14
I really know Mr. Wiesenthal only from secret reports, and they are bad, very
nasty. I say this as Federal Chancellor ... And I say that Mr. Wiesenthal had
a different relationship with the Gestapo than I did. Yes, and this can be
proven. I can't say more [now]. Everything else, I'll say in court.
My relationship with the Gestapo is unambiguous. I was their prisoner, their
inmate, and I was interrogated. His relationship was a different one, I can
say, and this will come out clearly. It's bad enough what I've already said
here. But he can't clear himself by charging me with defaming his honor in the
press, as he might wish. It's not that simple, because that would mean a big
court case ... A man like this doesn't have the right to pretend to be a moral
authority. That's what I say. He doesn't have the right ...
Whether a man who, in my view, is an agent, yes, that's right, and who uses
Mafia methods ... Such a man has to go ...
He is no gentleman, and I would say, to make this clear, so that he won't
become a moral authority, because he is not ... He shouldn't pretend to be a
moral authority ...
I say that Mr. Wiesenthal lived in that time in the Nazi sphere of influence
without being persecuted. Right? And he lived openly without being persecuted,
right? Is that clear? And you perhaps know, if you know what was going on,
that no one could risk that.
He wasn't a "submarine" ... that is, submerged and in hiding, but
instead, he was completely in the open without having to, well, ever risk
persecution. I think that's enough. There were so many opportunities to be an
agent. He didn't have to be a Gestapo agent. There were many other services.
In response to these damning words, Wiesenthal began efforts to bring a lawsuit
against the Chancellor. Eventually, though, both Wiesenthal and Kreisky backed
away from a major legal clash.
Mauthausen myths
Before he became famous as a "Nazi hunter," he made a name for himself
as a propagandist. In 1946 Wiesenthal published KZ Mauthausen, an 85-page work
that consists mainly of his own amateurish sketches purporting to represent the
horrors of the Mauthausen concentration camp. One drawing depicts three inmates
who had been bound to posts and brutally put to death by the Germans.15
The sketch is completely phony. It was copied -- with some minor alterations --
from photographs that appeared in Life magazine in 1945, which graphically
record the firing-squad execution in December 1944 of three German soldiers who
had been caught operating as spies behind the lines during the "Battle of
the Bulge."16 The source of the Wiesenthal drawing is instantly obvious to
anyone who compares it with the Life photos.17
The irresponsible character of this book is also shown by Wiesenthal's extensive
citation therein of the supposed "death bed confession" of Mauthausen
Commandant Franz Ziereis, according to which four million were gassed to death
with carbon monoxide at the nearby Hartheim satellite camp.18 This claim is
totally absurd, and no serious Holocaust historian still accepts it.19 Also
according to the Ziereis "confession" cited by Wiesenthal, the Germans
supposedly killed another ten million people in Poland, Lithuania and Latvia.20
In fact, this fraudulent "confession" was obtained by torture.21
Years later, Wiesenthal was still lying about Mauthausen. In a 1983 interview
with the daily newspaper USA Today, he said of his experience in Mauthausen:
"I was one of 34 prisoners alive out of 150,000 who had been put
there."22 This is a blatant falsehood. The years have apparently not been
kind to Wiesenthal's memory, because in his own autobiography he wrote that
"almost 3,000 prisoners died in Mauthausen after the Americans liberated us
on May 5, 1945."23 Another former inmate, Evelyn Le Chene, reported in her
standard work about Mauthausen that there were 64,000 inmates in the camp when
it was liberated in May 1945.24 And according to the Encyclopaedia Judaica, at
least 212,000 inmates survived internment in the Mauthausen camp complex.25
After the war Wiesenthal worked for the US Office of Strategic Services (the
forerunner of the CIA) and the US Army's Counter-Intelligence Corps (CIC). He
was also vice chairman of the Jewish Central Committee in the US occupation zone
of Austria.26
'Human soap'
Wiesenthal has given circulation and credence to one of the most scurrilous
Holocaust stories, the charge that the Germans manufactured soap from the
corpses of murdered Jews. According to this tale, the letters "RIF" in
bars of German-made soap allegedly stood for "Pure Jewish Fat"
("Rein judisches Fett"). In reality, the initials stood for
"National Center for Industrial Fat Provisioning" ("Reichstelle
fur industrielle Fettversorgung").27
Wiesenthal promoted the "human soap" legend in articles published in
1946 in the Austrian Jewish community paper Der Neue Weg ("The New
Path"). In an article entitled "RIF," he wrote: "The
terrible words 'transport for soap' were first heard at the end of 1942. It was
in the [Polish] General Government, and the factory was in Galicia, in Belzec.
From April 1942 until May 1943, 900,000 Jews were used as raw material in this
factory." After the corpses were turned into various raw materials,
Wiesenthal wrote, "The rest, the residual fat stuff, was used for soap
production."
He continued: "After 1942 people in the General Government knew quite well
what the RIF soap meant. The civilized world may not believe the joy with which
the Nazis and their women in the General Government thought of this soap. In
each piece of soap they saw a Jew who had been magically put there, and had thus
been prevented from growing into a second Freud, Ehrlich or Einstein."28
In another imaginative article published in 1946 entitled "Belzec Soap
Factory," Wiesenthal alleged that masses of Jews were exterminated in
electrocution showers:29
The people, pressed together and driven on by the SS, Latvians and Ukrainians,
go through the open door into the "bath." Five hundred persons could
fit at a time. The floor of the "bath chamber" was made of metal and
shower heads hung from the ceiling. When the room was full, the SS turned on
the 5,000 volts of electric current in the metal plate. At the same time water
poured from the shower heads. A short scream and the execution was over. An SS
chief physician named Schmidt determined through a peep hole that the victims
were dead. The second door was opened and the "corpse commando" came
in and quickly removed the dead. It was ready for the next 500.
Today no serious historian accepts the stories that Jewish corpses were
manufactured into bars of soap or that Jews were electrocuted to death at Belzec
(or anywhere).
Wiesenthal's imaginative view of history is not limited to the twentieth
century. In his 1973 book Sails of Hope, he argued that Christopher Columbus was
a secret Jew, and that his famous voyage to the western hemisphere in 1492 was
actually a search for a new homeland for Europe's Jews.30
Wiesenthal is not always wrong, of course. In 1975 and again in 1993 he publicly
acknowledged that "there were no extermination camps on German
soil."31 He thus implicitly conceded that the claims made at the postwar
Nuremberg Tribunal and elsewhere that Buchenwald, Dachau and other camps in
Germany proper were "extermination camps" are not true.
'Fabrications' about Eichmann
In more than 40 years of "Nazi hunting," Wiesenthal's role in locating
and capturing Adolf Eichmann is often considered his greatest achievement.32 (Eichmann
headed the wartime SS Jewish affairs department. He was kidnapped by Israeli
agents in Argentina in May 1960 and hanged in Jerusalem after a trial that
received worldwide media attention.)
But Isser Harel, the Israeli official who headed the team that seized Eichmann,
has declared unequivocally that Wiesenthal had "absolutely nothing" to
do with the capture. (Harel is a former head of both the Mossad and Shin Bet,
Israel's foreign and domestic security agencies.)33
Wiesenthal not only "had no role whatsoever" in the apprehension, said
Harel, but in fact he endangered the entire Eichmann operation. In a 278-page
manuscript, Harel carefully refuted every claim by Wiesenthal about his supposed
role in identifying and capturing Eichmann. Claims by Wiesenthal and his many
friends about his supposedly crucial role in capturing the former SS officer,
said Harel, have no foundation in fact. Many specific assertions and incidents
described in two books by Wiesenthal, said the Israeli official, are
"complete fabrications."34
"Wiesenthal's reports and statements at that period prove beyond any doubt
that he had no notion of Eichmann's whereabouts," said Harel.35 (For
example, just before Eichmann's capture in Argentina, Wiesenthal was placing him
in Japan and Saudi Arabia.)36
Characterizing Wiesenthal as a rank opportunist, Harel summed up: "All the
information supplied by Wiesenthal before and in anticipation of the [Eichmann]
operation was utterly worthless, and sometimes even misleading and of negative
value."37
Reckless charges in Walus case
One of Wiesenthal's most spectacular cases involved a Polish-born Chicago man
named Frank Walus. In a letter dated December 10, 1974, he charged that Walus
"delivered Jews to the Gestapo" in Czestochowa and Kielce in Poland
during the war. This letter prompted a US government investigation and legal
action.38 The Washington Post dealt with the case in a 1981 article entitled
"The Nazi Who Never Was: How a witch hunt by judge, press and investigators
branded an innocent man a war criminal." The lengthy piece, which was
copyrighted by the American Bar Association, reported:39
In January 1977, the United States government accused a Chicagoan named Frank
Walus of having committed atrocities in Poland during World War II.
In the following years, this retired factory worker went into debt in order to
raise more than $60,000 to defend himself. He sat in a courtroom while eleven
Jewish survivors of the Nazi occupation of Poland testified that they saw him
murder children, an old woman, a young woman, a hunchback and others ...
Overwhelming evidence shows that Walus was not a Nazi War criminal, that he
was not even in Poland during World War II.
... In an atmosphere of hatred and loathing verging on hysteria, the
government persecuted an innocent man. In 1974, Simon Wiesenthal, the famous
"Nazi hunter" of Vienna, denounced Walus as "a Pole in Chicago
who performed duties with the Gestapo in the ghettos of Czestochowa and Kielce
and handed over a number of Jews to the Gestapo."
The Chicago weekly newspaper Reader also reported on the case in a detailed 1981
article headlined: "The Persecution of Frank Walus: To Catch a Nazi: The
U.S. government wanted a war criminal. So, with the help of Simon Wiesenthal,
the Israeli police, the local press and Judge Julius Hoffman, they invented
one."40 The article stated:
... It is logical to assume that the "reports received by Wiesenthal
[against Walus] actually were rumors... In other words, Simon Wiesenthal had
no evidence against Walus. He denounced him anyway.
While [Judge] Hoffman had the Walus case under advisement, Holocaust aired on
television. During the same period, in April 1978, Simon Wiesenthal came to
Chicago, where he gave interviews taking credit for the Walus case. "How
Nazi-Hunter Helped Find Walus," was the Sun-Times headline on a story by
Bob Olmstead. Wiesenthal told Sun-Times Abe Peck that he "has never had a
case of mistaken identity." "I know there are thousands of people
who wait for my mistake," he said.
It was only after an exhausting legal battle that the man who was vilified and
physically attacked as "the butcher of Kielce" was finally able to
prove that he had spent the war years as a peaceful farm laborer in Germany.
Frank Walus died in August 1994, a broken and bitterly disappointed man, man.
Wiesenthal's recklessness in the Walus case should have been enough to
permanently discredit him as a reliable investigator. But his Teflon reputation
survived even this.
Wrong about Mengele
Much of the Wiesenthal myth is based on his hunt for Joseph Mengele, the wartime
physician at Auschwitz known as the "Angel of Death." Time and time
again, Wiesenthal claimed to be close on Mengele's heels. Wiesenthal reported
that his informants had "seen" or "just missed" the elusive
physician in Peru, Chile, Brazil, Spain, Greece, and half a dozen locations in
Paraguay.41
One of the closest shaves came in the summer of 1960. Wiesenthal reported that
Mengele had been hiding out on a small Greek island, from where he escaped by
just a few hours. Wiesenthal continued to peddle this story, complete with
precise details, even after a reporter whom he had hired to check it out
informed him that the tale was false from beginning to end.42
According to another Wiesenthal report, Mengele arranged for the murder in 1960
of one of his former victims, a woman he had supposedly sterilized in Auschwitz.
After spotting her, and her distinctive camp tattoo, at a hotel in Argentina
where he was staying, Mengele allegedly arranged to have her killed because he
feared that she would expose him. It turned out that the woman was never in a
concentration camp, had no tattoo, had never met Mengele, and her death was a
simple mountaineering accident.43
Mengele regularly dined at the finest restaurants in Asuncion, the Paraguayan
capital, Wiesenthal said in 1977, and supposedly drove around the city with a
bevy of armed guards in his black Mercedes Benz.44
Wiesenthal announced in 1985 that he was "100 percent sure" that
Mengele had been hiding out in Paraguay until at least June 1984, and charged
that the Mengele family in Germany knew exactly where. As it turned out,
Wiesenthal was completely wrong. It was later definitively established that
Mengele had died in 1979 in Brazil, where he had been living for years in
anonymous poverty.45
Israel's ambassador to Paraguay from 1968 to 1972, Benjamin (Benno) Varon,
remarked in 1983 on the Mengele campaign: "Wiesenthal makes periodic
statements that he is about to catch him, perhaps since Wiesenthal must raise
funds for his activities and the name Mengele is always good for a plug."
Wiesenthal "failed miserably" in the Mengele case, the diplomat said
on another occasion.46 In the Mengele case, former Mossad chief Harel remarked,
"Wiesenthal's folly borders on the criminal."47
In truth, the bulging Mengele file in Wiesenthal's Vienna "Documentation
Center" was such a jumble of useless information that, in the words of the
London Times, it "only sustained his self-confirmatory myths and gave scant
satisfaction to those who apparently needed a definitive answer to Mengele's
fate."48
In the considered view of Gerald Posner and John Ware, coauthors of Mengele: The
Complete Story, Wiesenthal spent years assiduously cultivating a mythical
"self-image of a tireless, dogged sleuth, pitted against the omnipotent and
sinister might of Mengele and a vast Nazi network." Because of his
"knack of playing to the gallery," Posner and Ware concluded,
Wiesenthal "ultimately compromised his credibility."49
'Incompetence and arrogance'
Eli Rosenbaum, an official with the US government's "Nazi hunting"
Office of Special Investigations and an investigator for the World Jewish
Congress, took aim at Wiesenthal's carefully cultivated "Nazi hunter"
reputation in a detailed 1993 book, Betrayal.50 For example, Rosenbaum
mentioned, Wiesenthal "had all these reports placing Mengele in almost
every country in Latin America except the one he was in -- namely,
Brazil."51
Wiesenthal, wrote Rosenbaum, has been a "pathetically ineffective"
investigator who had "gone far beyond the buffoonery and false boasts in
prior years." Much of his illustrious career, Rosenbaum said, has been
characterized by "incompetence and arrogance."52
Bruno Kreisky once summed up his attitude towards the "Nazi hunter" in
these words:53
The engineer Wiesenthal, or whatever else his title is, hates me because he
knows that I despise his activity. The Wiesenthal group is a quasi-political
Mafia that works against Austria with disgraceful methods. Wiesenthal is known
as someone who isn't very careful about the truth, who is not very selective
about his methods and who uses tricks. He pretends to be the "Eichmann
hunter," even though everyone knows that this was the work of a secret
service, and that Wiesenthal only takes credit for that.
'Commercializing' the Holocaust
The Los Angeles Wiesenthal Center pays the Vienna "Nazi Hunter"
$75,000 a year for the use of his name, the director of Israel's Yad Vashem
Holocaust center said in 1988.
Both the Center and Wiesenthal "commercialize" and
"trivialize" the Holocaust, the director added.
Wiesenthal "threw out" the figure of "11 million who were
murdered in the Holocaust -- six million Jews and five million non-Jews,"
said the Yad Vashem official. When asked why he gave these figures, Wiesenthal
replied: "The gentiles will not pay attention if we do not mention their
victims, too." Wiesenthal "chose 'five million (gentiles)' because he
wanted a 'diplomatic' number, one that told of a large number of gentile victims
but in no way was larger than that of Jews ..."54
"What Wiesenthal and the Los Angeles Center that bears his name do is to
trivialize the Holocaust," commented The Jewish Press, a weekly that claims
to be the largest-circulation English-language Jewish community paper in
America.
In recent years Wiesenthal has been concerned about the growing impact of
Holocaust revisionism. In "A Message from Simon Wiesenthal" published
by the Center that bears his name, he said: "Today, when I see the rise of
antisemitism here in Europe ... the popularity of Le Pen, of David Duke, of the
Holocaust revisionists, then I am convinced more than ever about the need for
our new [Wiesenthal Center] Beit Hashoah-Museum of Tolerance" in Los
Angeles.55
Wiesenthal is often asked why he does not forgive those who persecuted Jews half
a century ago. His stock answer is that although he has the right to forgive for
himself, he does not have the right to forgive on behalf of others.56 On the
basis of this sophistical logic, though, neither does he have the right to
accuse and track down anyone in the name of others. Wiesenthal has never
confined his "hunt" to those who victimized him personally.
'Driven by hatred'
It is difficult to say just what drives this remarkable man. Is it a craving for
fame and praise? Or is he trying to live down a shameful episode from his past?
Wiesenthal clearly enjoys the praise he receives. "He is a man of
considerable ego, proud of testimonials and honorary degrees," the Los
Angeles Times has reported.57 Bruno Kreisky has given a simpler explanation. He
said that Wiesenthal is "driven by hatred."58
In light of his well-documented record of deceit, lies and incompetence, the
extravagant praise heaped upon this contemptible man is a sorry reflection of
the venal corruptibility and unprincipled self-deception of our age.
Notes
- Quoted in: M. Weber, "'Nazi Hunter' Caught Lying," The Spotlight
(Washington, DC), Oct. 26, 1981, p. 9.
- Interrogation of S. Wiesenthal on May 27 and 28, 1948, conducted by Curt
Ponger of the Interrogation Branch of the Evidence Division of the Office
(U.S.) Chief of Counsel for War Crimes. Interrogation No. 2820. On file at
the National Archives (Washington, DC), "Records of the U.S. Nürnberg
War Crimes Trials Interrogations, 1946-49," Record Group 238, microfilm
M-1019, roll 79, frames 460-469 and 470-476. Also cited in: "New
Documents Raise New Doubts About Simon Wiesenthal's War Years," The
Journal of Historical Review, Winter 1988-89 (Vol. 8, No. 4), pp. 489-503.
- PCIRO (International Refugee Organization, Austria) "Application for
Assistance" filled out and signed by Wiesenthal. Dated Jan. 16,1949.
(This was a trial exhibit in the Walus court case. Photocopy in author's
possession.)
- Simon Wiesenthal, The Murderers Among Us: The Simon Wiesenthal Memoirs.
Edited by Joseph Wechsberg. (New York: McGraw Hill, 1967)
- Interrogation of S. Wiesenthal, May 27, 1948, pp. 1-2.
- The Murderers Among Us, p. 27.
- The Murderers Among Us, pp. 29-35. This account is not inconsistent with
his 1948 and 1949 statements; See also: Simon Wiesenthal, Justice Not
Vengeance (New York: Grove Weidenfeld: 1989), pp. 7-9.
- Interrogation of May 27, 1948, p. 2. In a signed 1945 statement,
Wiesenthal wrote:
"... I escaped on October 18, 1943, from the Lemberg [Lvov] hard
labor camp where I was kept as a prisoner during my two years of labor at
the railroad works... and went into hiding until joining Jewish partisans
on November 21, 1943, who operated there. It was while fighting in the
partisan ranks against the Nazis that we managed to collect and bury for
safekeeping considerable amount of evidence... When the partisans were
dispersed by the Germans I fled to Lemberg on February 10, 1944, and again
went into hiding. On June 13, 1944, I was found during a house to house
search and was immediately sent to the famous Lacki camp, near that city
..." Source: "Curriculum Vitae of Ing. Wiesenthal, Szymon."
SHAEF, Subject: War Crimes, July 6, 1945. Records of USAEUR, War Crimes
Branch, National Archives (Suitland, Maryland), Records Group 338, Box
534, Folder 000-50-59.
Wiesenthal's alleged partisans activities are also recounted in Alan
Levy, The Wiesenthal File (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1994), pp. 50-53.
- Interrogation of May 28, 1948, pp. 1-2.
- Interrogation of May 28, 1948, p. 5.
- The Murderers Among Us, pp. 35-37.
- The Murderers Among Us, pp. 37-38; Interrogation, May 27, 1948, p. 2, and
May 28, 1948, p. 5; A. Levy, The Wiesenthal File (1994), p. 54.
- The Murderers Among Us, pp. 39-44; Interrogation, May 27, 1948, pp. 2-3.
- Interview with foreign journalists in Vienna, Nov. 10, 1975. Text
published in: "War Wiesenthal ein Gestapo-Kollaborateur?," Profil
(Vienna), No. 47, Nov. 18, 1975, pp. 16, 22-23; Reprinted in: Robert H.
Drechsler, Simon Wiesenthal: Dokumentation (Vienna: 1982), pp. 215-218,
222-223; Quoted in part in A. Levy, The Wiesenthal File (1994), p. 349, and
in, S. Wiesenthal, Justice Not Vengeance (New York: 1989), pp. 7, 299.
Kreisky was not alone in charging that Wiesenthal had collaborated with the
German Gestapo. Wim Van Leer, columnist for the English-language daily
Jerusalem Post, stated in May 1986 that a high-level police official in
Vienna, citing confidential police records, had told him during the early
1960s that these and other charges against Wiesenthal were true. Source: J.
Bushinsky, "Nazi hunter sues over charges of links to Gestapo,"
Chicago Sun-Times, Jan. 31, 1987.
- Simon Wiesenthal, KZ Mauthausen (Linz and Vienna: Ibis-Verlag, 1946).
Facsimile reprint in: Robert H. Drechsler, Simon Wiesenthal: Dokumentation
(Vienna: 1982), p. 64.
- "Firing Squad," Life magazine, US edition, June 11, 1945, p. 50.
- M. Weber and K. Stimely, "The Sleight-of-Hand of Simon Wiesenthal,"
The Journal of Historical Review, Spring 1984 (Vol. 5, No. 1), pp. 120-122;
D. National-Zeitung (Munich), May 21, 1993, p. 3.
- S. Wiesenthal, KZ Mauthausen (1946). See also facsimile reprint in: Robert
H. Drechsler, Simon Wiesenthal: Dokumentation (Vienna: 1982), pp. 42, 46.
This "confession" is a somewhat altered version of Nuremberg
document NO-1973; A new edition of Wiesenthal's 1946 book has been published
under the title Denn sie Wussten, was sie tun: Zeichnungen und
Aufzeichnungen aus dem KZ Mauthausen (Vienna: F. Deuticke, 1995). I am
grateful to Robert Faurisson for bringing this to my attention. He points
out in a July 1995 essay that Wiesenthal has deleted from this new edition
both the "death bed confession" of Ziereis as well as his drawing
of the three Mauthausen inmates.
- According to the Encyclopaedia Judaica ("Mauthausen,", Vol. 11,
p. 1138), a grand total of 206,000 persons were inmates of Mauthausen and
its satellite camps (including Hartheim) at one time or another.
- S. Wiesenthal, KZ Mauthausen (1946). Facsimile reprint in: R. Drechsler,
Simon Wiesenthal: Dokumentation, p. 47.
- R. Faurisson, "The Gas Chambers: Truth or Lie?," The Journal of
Historical Review, Winter 1981, pp. 330, 361. See also: Hans Fritzsche, The
Sword in the Scales (London: 1953), p. 185; Gerald Reitlinger, The Final
Solution (London: Sphere, pb., 1971), p. 515; M. Weber, "The Nuremberg
Trials and the Holocaust," The Journal of Historical Review, Summer
1992 (Vol. 12, No. 2), p. 182.
- USA Today, April 21, 1983, p. 9A.
- The Murderers Among Us, p. 44.
- Evelyn Le Chene, Mauthausen: The History of a Death Camp (London: 1971),
pp. 166-168 and 190-191.
- "Mauthausen", Encyclopaedia Judaica (New York and Jerusalem:
1971), vol. 11, p. 1138.
- C. Moritz, ed., Current Biography 1975 (New York: H.W. Wilson, 1975), p.
442; Wiesenthal interrogation of May 27, 1948, p. 3.
- Mark Weber, "Jewish Soap," The Journal of Historical Review,
Summer 1991 (Vol. 11, No. 2), pp. 217-227; See also: Robert Faurisson,
"La savon juif," Annales d'Histoire Revisionniste (Paris), No. 1,
Printemps 1987, pp. 153-159.
- Der Neue Weg (Vienna), No. 17/18, 1946, pp. 4-5. Article entitled "RIF"
by "Ing. Wiesenth." (Simon Wiesenthal).
- Der Neue Weg (Vienna), Nr. 19/20, 1946, pp. 14-15. Article entitled "Seifenfabrik
Belsetz" ("Belzec Soap Factory"), by "Ing. S.Wiesenth."
- S. Wiesenthal, Sails of Hope (Macmillan, 1973).
- Letters by Wiesenthal in Books and Bookmen (London), April 1975, p. 5, and
in Stars and Stripes (European edition), Jan. 24, 1993, p. 14. Facsimile of
Stars and Stripes letter in The Journal of Historical Review, May-June 1993,
p. 10; In 1986 Wiesenthal lied about his 1975 statement. In a letter dated
May 12, 1986, to Prof. John George of Central State University in Edmond,
Oklahoma (copy in author's possession), Wiesenthal wrote: "I have never
stated that 'there were no extermination camps on German soil.' This quote
is false, I could never have said such a thing."
- For example, in a letter (dated Sept. 13, 1993), published in The New York
Times, Sept. 29, 1993, Wiesenthal boasted: "I succeeded in putting a
number of Nazis on trial who had perpetrated horrendous crimes in the Nazi
era, including Adolf Eichmann, Franz Stangl, Gustav Wagner,..."
- S. Birnbaum, "Wiesenthal's Claim on Eichmann Disputed by Former
Mossad Head," Jewish Telegraphic Agency Daily News Bulletin (New York),
April 4, 1989. (Dispatch dated April 3).
- J. Schachter, "Wiesenthal had no role in Eichmann capture," The
Jerusalem Post, May 18, 1991. Facsimile reprint in Christian News, May 27,
1991, p. 19. See also: Ruth Sinai, "Wiesenthal's role in Eichmann's
capture disputed," Associated Press, The Orange County Register, Feb.
25, 1990, p. A 26; L. Lagnado, "How Simon Wiesenthal Helped a Secret
Nazi," Forward (New York), Sept. 24, 1993, pp. 1, 3.
- J. Schachter, The Jerusalem Post, May 18, 1991 (cited above). Facsimile in
Christian News, May 27, 1991, p. 19.
- Arnold Forster, Square One (New York: 1988), pp. 187-189. (Forster was
general counsel of the Anti-Defamation League, a major Zionist
organization.)
- J. Goldberg, "Top Spy Says Wiesenthal Lied About His Exploits,"
Forward (New York), Nov. 12, 1993, pp. 1, 4; R. Sinai, "Wiesenthal's
role...," The Orange County Register, Feb. 25, 1990 (cited above).
- Michael Arndt, "The Wrong Man," The Chicago Tribune Magazine,
Dec. 2, 1984, pp. 15-35, esp. p. 23; Charles Ashman and Robert J. Wagman,
The Nazi Hunters (New York: Pharos Books, 1988), pp. 193-195.
- "The Nazi Who Never Was," The Washington Post, May 10, 1981, pp.
B5, B8.
- "The Persecution of Frank Walus," Reader (Chicago), Jan. 23,
1981, pp. 19, 30. After Wiesenthal was ultimately proven wrong in a similar
case in Canada, the Toronto Sun newspaper commented in an editorial:
"It seems that material provided by professional Nazi hunter Simon
Wiesenthal is wrong, but repeated anyway [in the media]." (Quoted by M.
Weber in The Journal of Historical Review, Spring 1984, pp. 120-122.)
- Gerald L. Posner and John Ware, Mengele: The Complete Story (New York:
Dell, 1987), pp. 220-221; Gerald Astor, The 'Last' Nazi: The Life and Times
of Dr. Joseph Mengele (Toronto: Paperjacks, 1986), p. 202.
- G. Posner and J. Ware, Mengele: The Complete Story (cited above), p. 220.
- G. Posner and J. Ware, Mengele (cited above), pp. 179-180; G. Astor, The
'Last' Nazi (cited above), pp. 178-180.
- Time magazine, Sept. 26, 1977, pp. 36-38. Cited in: G. Posner and J. Ware,
Mengele (cited above), p. 219.
- "Hunting the 'Angel of Death'," Newsweek, May 20, 1985, pp.
36-38. See also: M. Weber, "Lessons of the Mengele Affair,"
Journal of Historical Review, Fall 1985 (Vol. 6, No. 3), p. 382. On
Wiesenthal's distortion of truth in the Mermelstein-IHR case, see: M. Weber,
"Declaration," Journal of Historical Review, Spring 1982 (Vol. 3,
No. 1), pp. 42-43; M. Weber, "Albert Speer and the 'Holocaust,"'
Journal of Historical Review, Winter 1984 (Vol. 5, Nos. 2-4), p. 439.
- Midstream, Dec. 1983, p. 24. Quoted in: G. Posner and J. Ware, Mengele
(cited above), p. 219; Los Angeles Times, Nov. 15, 1985, p. 2.
- J. Schachter, "Wiesenthal had no role in Eichmann capture," The
Jerusalem Post, May 18, 1991. Facsimile reprint in Christian News, May 27,
1991, p. 19.
- Tom Bower in The Times (London), June 14, 1985, p. 14. Quoted in: G.
Posner and J. Ware, Mengele (cited above), pp. 222-223.
- G. Posner and J. Ware, Mengele (cited above), pp. 222-223.
- Betrayal, by Eli M. Rosenbaum, with William Hoffer. Published in 1993 by
St. Martin's Press (New York). Reviewed by Jacob Heilbrunn in The New York
Times Book Review, Oct. 10, 1993, p. 9.
- Quoted in L. Lagnado, "How Simon Wiesenthal...," Forward (New
York), Sept. 24, 1993, p. 3.
- The New York Times Book Review, Oct. 10, 1993, p. 9; Forward (New York),
Sept. 24, 1993, p. 3.
- "Was hat Wiesenthal zu verbergen?," D. National-Zeitung
(Munich), Nov. 11, 1988, p. 4.
- David Sinai, "News We Doubt You've Seen," The Jewish Press
(Brooklyn, NY), Dec. 23, 1988. Based on report in the Israeli newspaper
Ha'aretz, Dec. 16, 1988.
- "A Message from Simon Wiesenthal," Response: The Wiesenthal
Center World Report, Winter 1992, p. 11.
- Charles Ashman and Robert J. Wagman, The Nazi Hunters (New York: Pharos
Books, 1988), p. 286; A. Popkin, "Nazi-Hunter Simon Wiesenthal:
'Information is Our Best Defense'," Washington Jewish Week, Oct. 29,
1987, p. 2.
- Quoted in: M. Weber, The Spotlight, Oct. 26, 1981, p. 9.
- Quoted in D. National-Zeitung (Munich), July 8, 1988, p. 7, and in, R.
Drechsler, Simon Wiesenthal: Dokumentation (Vienna: 1982), p. 199.
This is a revised and updated version of an article that first appeared in The
Journal of Historical Review, Winter 1989-90 (Volume 9, number 4), pages
439-452.
Reproduced gratefully from: The
Journal for Historical Review (http://www.ihr.org)
Inside the Auschwitz 'gas chambers'
by Fred A. Leuchter, Jr.
Introduction
1988 was a very informative and likewise disturbing year. I was
appalled to learn that much of what I was taught in school about
twentieth-century history and World War II was a myth, if not a lie. I was first
amazed; then annoyed; then aware: the myth of the Holocaust was dead.
Like all American children born during and after World War II, I was taught
about the genocide perpetrated by the Nazis on the Jews. By the time I had
reached college, I had no reason to disbelieve any of my education, except that
I had some problems swallowing the numbers of decen-dents, said to total better
than six million persons. But there it stopped. I believed in the Nazi genocide.
I had no reason to disbelieve.
Some twenty-four years later, a very believing engineer sat at his desk working
one snowy January afternoon in 1988, when the telephone rang. This very
believing engineer was about to receive a very shocking history lesson, one
which would cause him to question that fifty-year-old Holocaust lie and the
application of that lie to generations of children. "Hello, this is Robert
Faurisson" -- and that very believing engineer would believe no more.
Background
I have for the past nine years worked with most, if not all of the states in the
United States having capital punishment. I design and manufacture execution
equipment of all types, including electrocution systems, lethal injection
equipment, gallows and gas-chamber hardware.
I have consulted for, or supplied equipment to, most of the applicable states
and the federal government.
Because of my association with the states in this capacity, I was recommended to
the Zuendel defense as a consultant on gas chambers by Warden Bill Armontrout of
the Missouri State Penitentiary.
After answering my telephone on that cold January afternoon, I met with Dr.
Robert Faurisson twice in Boston and, as a result of these meetings, I was
summoned to Toronto to meet with Ernst Zuendel, attorney Douglas Christie and
the rest of Zuendel's very able staff.
Dr. Robert Faurisson had postulated thirteen years ago that a gas-chamber
specialist should be sought who could evaluate the alleged gas chambers in
Poland and report on their efficacy for execution purposes.
Valentine's Day weekend found myself and Carolyn, my wife of two weeks, in
Toronto. Two days of lengthy meetings followed, during which I was shown photos
of the alleged German gas chambers in Poland, German documents and Allied aerial
photographs. My examination of this material led me to question whether these
alleged gas chambers were, in fact, execution facilities. I was asked if I would
go to Poland and undertake a physical inspection and forensic analysis resulting
in a written evaluation of these alleged execution gas chambers, some at places
I had never even heard of.
After due consideration, I agreed and made plans to leave for Poland, awaiting a
time of minimal snow covering. I also stated that although the photos and
documents seemed to support the view that these places were, indeed, not
execution facilities, I would reserve final judgement until after my examination
and, if I determined that these facilities were, in fact, or could have been,
execution gas chambers, I would state this in my report. The final report was to
be utilized as evidence in Ernst Zuendel's defense in his pending criminal trial
at Toronto, and I had to be prepared to testify under oath.
Preparations for the trip required me to take sample bags, documentation
journals and tools. Because we were in a Communist country I would have to be
careful with the tools. Very few tourists carry hammers, chisels, star drills
and tape measures while travelling. I hid them in the lining of my valise and
hoped for the best. Further, I had maps of Poland, Czechoslovakia and Austria,
in the event that we might have to make a hasty and unscheduled exit. And
finally, the gifts with which we bribed the museum people to supply us with
copies of documents from the Museum Archives.
Our staff
I was fortunate to have a competent and dependable party of professionals: my
wife Carolyn, my general assistant; Mr. Howard Miller, draftsman; Mr. Juergen
Neumann, cinematographer; Mr. Tijudar Rudolf, interpreter. All knew that, if
caught, the Polish government would take a dim view of our activities and
purpose, let alone my removal of forensic samples from national shrines and
monuments.
And the two ex officio members of our party, Mr. Ernst Zuendel and Dr. Robert
Faurisson, who for obvious reasons could not accompany us in person, but who
nevertheless were with us every step of the way in spirit.
The trip
On February 25, 1988, we left for Poland. Neumann and Rudolf, the Canadian
contingent, joined me and the remainder of our team in Frankfurt.
We arrived at Cracow in the late afternoon and spent our first night at the
Hotel Orbis. We consumed the first of our three decent meals while in Poland.
The following day we drove to Auschwitz. We arrived at the Auschwitz Hotel and
were greeted by the smell of sulphur napthal disinfectant, a smell I had not
encountered for many years. The hotel is apparently the old officers' quarters
for the camp. We ate lunch at the Hotel dining room, a cafeteria style facility.
This was our first unidentifiable meal, starch soup and sundries.
We made a reconnaissance tour of the camp, lasting into the dim light of the
Polish afternoon and several snow squalls, a common occurrence. We ate no
supper, in that we found no place to eat in Auschwitz after sundown our first
evening.
Auschwitz and Birkenau
The following day we began our work in the alleged gas chamber at the Auschwitz
facility. Unfortunately, we were unable to accomplish much due to constant
interruptions by both official and unofficial Sunday tours. Carolyn stood guard
at one entrance and Tijudar at the other, advising myself, Jurgen and Howard of
their arrival. It was too dangerous to take forensic samples and tape, so we
left for Birkenau about noon.
At Birkenau we began a four-hour walk into the damp Polish cold and through snow
squalls so dense we could not see each other at a distance of a few feet.
Unfortunately, we did not expect to spend that much time walking through the
camp and, since vehicles are not permitted within the camp, we left Carolyn
behind in the car. Since we forgot to leave her the keys, she nearly froze in
the cold Polish afternoon. We visited the barracks, Krematorien II, III, IV and
V, the sauna and the alleged burning pits. We took samples, documented our
activities on video tape and in still photos, and made scale drawings of these
facilities, carefully documenting the removal locations of all the forensic
samples. We had to break into the sauna building, since it was locked.
At Krema II, I descended into the depths of the alleged gas chamber, a wet, dank
subter-ranean place not visited by man in almost fifty years, since the building
had been reduced to rubble, probably by a German military demolition team.
Fortunately, there were fewer guards and less pedestrian traffic, making working
conditions considerably better than they had been earlier, at Auschwitz.
Having been instructed by our empty stomachs of the evening before, we found and
ate at the restaurant at the bus station, the only legitimate restaurant in
Auschwitz. We returned to the Auschwitz Hotel for the night.
The following day, Monday, we again began our work at Auschwitz, the Sunday
tours having subsided. We were able to get our samples, tapes and documentation.
We had, by this time, obtained blueprints of the alleged gas-chamber facility
and were able to follow the structural changes back to the dates in question. We
also verified the existence of the floor drain for the periods of alleged gas
chamber usage. Upon completion at Auschwitz, we drove again to Birkenau to take
our control sample at delousing facility 1. Unfortunately, the building was
locked and again we had to break and enter in order to access the delousing
chamber. Again we ate at the bus station, and retired early to the Auschwitz
Hotel.
Tuesday morning, while awaiting Tijudar's unsuccessful attempt to obtain a can
of Zyklon B, Jurgen and I made video tapes of locations within the camp. We
moved from the Auschwitz Hotel to a hostel nearby, obtaining newly vacated
rooms. We ate at the bus station and retired early.
On Wednesday morning we ate a very enjoyable breakfast of ham, cheese and bread
(our second decent meal in Poland) and began our trip to Lublin to see Majdanek.
After one final look in at Auschwitz, we set off by car for Majdanek.
Lublin (Majdanek)
Several hours later, we arrived at Majdanek, and visited the museum, the
reconstructed alleged gas chamber and crematory. We finally arrived at
disinfection 1 and 2 and examined the facilities. It was extremely difficult to
work, in that a guard made rounds every ten or fifteen minutes. The alleged gas
chambers were blocked by gates and not accessible for a detailed inspection by
the general public. It was necessary for me to trespass beyond these gates in
forbidden areas. Again Carolyn and Tijudar stood watch while I made measurements
and did a detailed examination in these areas. Once we were caught short: I was
forced to hurdle the gate, and was still in the air and in mid-jump when the
guard entered. Fortunately, he was more interested in Jurgen and his camera to
see me before I touched ground.
Return
The camp closed in early afternoon and the guard rather nastily told us to
leave. By three o'clock we were en route to Warsaw, a trip which would take five
hours through rain and snow. Our hotel reservation had been fouled up but
fortunately, with the help of an embassy attache, we were able to secure rooms
at another hotel.
We had our third edible meal in Poland that evening and went to bed in
preparation for our trip home on Thursday. The following morning we had
breakfast and proceeded to the airport for our return trip.
We boarded the Polish airlines plane after clearing customs -- my suitcase
containing twenty pounds of the forbidden samples, fortunately none of which
were found. I did not breathe easy until we cleared the passport checkpoint at
Frankfurt. Our team split at Frankfurt, for the return trips to the United
States and Canada, respectively. After our return [on March 3], I delivered the
forensic samples to the test laboratory in Massachusetts. Upon receipt of the
test results, I prepared my report, combining my knowledge of gas execution
facilities and procedures with the research I had completed at crematories and
with retort manu-facturers in the United States. With the results of my research
I believe you are all familiar.
Upon completion of my report I testified at Toronto -- but that is another
story, for another time.
The findings:
- 1. Gas chambers
- The results published in the Leuchter Report are the
important thing. Categorically, none of the facilities examined at
Auschwitz, Birkenau or Lublin could have supported, or in fact did support,
multiple executions utilizing hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide or any other
allegedly or factually lethal gas. Based upon very generous maximum usage
rates for all the alleged gas chambers, totalling 1,693 persons per week,
and assuming these facilities could support gas executions, it would have
required sixty-eight (68) years to execute the alleged number of six
millions of persons. This must mean the Third Reich was in existence for
some seventy-five (75) years. Promoting these facilities as being capable of
effecting mass, multiple or even singular executions is both ludicrous and
insulting to every individual on this planet. Further, those who do promote
this mistruth are negligent and irresponsible for not investigating these
facilities earlier and ascertaining the truth before indoctrinating the
world with what may have become the greatest propaganda ploy in history.
-
- 2. Crematories
- Of equal importance are Exterminationist errors relating to the
crematories. If these crematories, operated at a theoretical rate of maximum
output per day, without any down time and at a constant pace (an impossible
situation), and we accept the figure of at least six millions executed, the
Third Reich lasted for at least forty-two (42) years, since it would take
thirty-five (35) years at an impossible minimum to cremate these six
millions of souls.
- No one by any stretch of the imagination would allege (or even believe)
that the Third Reich ever lasted for seventy-five (75) or even forty-two
(42) years, yet they would have us believe that six millions of souls were
executed with equipment which could not possibly have functioned, in less
than one-seventh of the absolute minimum time it could possibly have taken.
-
- 3. Forensics
- Forensic samples were taken from the visited sites. A control sample was
removed from delous-ing facility 1 at Birkenau. It was postulated that
because of the high iron content of the building materials at these camps
the presence of hydrogen cyanide gas would result in a ferric-ferro-cyanide
compound being formed, as evidenced by the Prus-sian blue staining on the
walls in the delousing facilities.
- A detailed analysis of the thirty-two samples taken at the Auschwitz-Birkenau
complexes showed 1,050 mg/kg of cyanide and 6,170 mg/kg of iron. Higher iron
results were found at all of the alleged gas chambers but no significant
cyanide traces. This would be impossible if these sites were exposed to
hydrogen cyanide gas, because the alleged gas chambers supposedly were
exposed to much greater quantities of gas than the delousing facility. Thus,
chemical analysis supports the fact that these facilities were never
utilized as gas execution facilities.
-
- 4. Construction
- Construction of these facilities shows that they were never used as gas
chambers. None of these facilities were sealed or gasketed. No provision was
ever made to prevent condensation of gas on the walls, floor or ceiling. No
provision ever existed to exhaust the air-gas mixture from these buildings.
No provision ever existed to introduce or distribute the gas throughout the
chamber. No explosion-proof lighting existed and no attempt was ever made to
prevent gas from entering the crematories, even though the gas is highly
explosive. No attempt was made to protect operating personnel from exposure
to the gas or to protect other non-participating persons from exposure.
Specifically, at Auschwitz, a floor drain in the alleged gas chamber was
connected directly to the camp's storm drain system. At Majdanek a depressed
walkway around the alleged gas chambers would have collected gas seepage and
resulted in a death trap for camp personnel. No exhaust stacks ever existed.
Hydrogen cyanide gas is an extremely dangerous and lethal gas and nowhere
were there any provisions to effect any amount of safe handling. The
chambers were too small to accommodate more than a small fraction of the
alleged numbers. Plain and simple, these facilities could not have operated
as execution gas chambers.
-
- 5. Conclusion
- After a thorough examination of the alleged execution facilities in Poland
and their associated crematories, the only conclusion that can be arrived at
by a rational, responsible person is the absurdity of the notion that any of
these facilities were ever capable of, or were utilized as, execution gas
chambers.
FRED A. LEUCHTER, Jr., is America's leading specialist on the design and
fabrication of homicidal gas chambers and other equipment used in execution of
convicted criminals. His expertise has been acknowledged by state governments
and in periodicals such as The Atlantic (Feb. 1990), The New
York Times (Oct. 13, 1990) and The New York Times Book Review
(Nov. 22, 1992), as well as on the "Phil Donahue Show" (where he
appeared as a guest). After receiving his Bachelor's degree from Boston
University in 1964, he did postgraduate work at the Harvard Smithsonian
Astrophysical Observatory. Leuchter holds patents for numerous highly
sophisticated technical devices, including sextants, surveying instruments and
optical encoding equipment.
In spite of intense pressure to repudiate his findings, Leuchter defiantly
stands by his 1988 investigation of the alleged extermination gas chambers. As a
result, powerful special interest groups have made him the target of a vicious
campaign of slander, and have succeeded in all but destroying his career.
This paper was first presented at the IHR's Ninth Revisionist Conference,
(1989), and was published in the Summer 1989 issue of The Journal of
Historical Review.
A sumptuously illustrated edition of the sensational Leuchter Report,
with a hard-hitting foreword by British historian David Irving and an
introduction by French professor Robert Faurisson, is available from the IHR for
$23.00, postpaid.
Reproduced gratefully from: The
Journal for Historical Review (http://www.ihr.org)
Is there life after persecution?
The botched execution of Fred Leuchter
by Fred A. Leuchter, Jr.
(Presented at the Eleventh IHR Conference, October 1992)
Many of you, I am sure, know who I am, where I've been, and what I've done.
Today I'm here to tell you what has happened to me since I addressed the Tenth
International Revisionist Conference in Washington, DC, in October 1990.
One of my jobs as an engineer of execution technology has been to "post
mortem" executions from a technical standpoint, that is, to determine if
anything went wrong and, if so, to determine just how the execution was botched.
This normally entails reviewing eyewitness accounts of how the executees were
tortured, mutilated, or otherwise dehumanized in society's name.
I will do that here today, except that, in this case, it is myself that I post
mortem -- and the cadaver isn't dead! Much to the dismay of my executioners, the
execution was so badly botched that I am able to stand here before you to speak
the truth, and to tell the world that it is not myself, but the Holocaust story
that is dead. I repeat for the record: I was condemned for maintaining that
there were no execution gas chambers at Auschwitz, Birkenau, Majdanek, Dachau,
Mauthausen, or Hartheim Castle. There's no proof for the charge, only innuendo,
lies, and half-truths. Robert Faurisson, Ernst Zuendel and others said this
first. They, too, live as victims of botched executions, but nevertheless free
to speak the truth in a strong and growing voice that repeats: No gas chambers,
no gas chambers, no damn gas chambers!
This address, then, is not a post mortem on my cadaver but rather a post mortem
by my cadaver.
As you know, I was sent to Poland in 1988 by and for Mr. Ernst Zuendel to
investigate the alleged execution gas chamber facilities at the three
concentration camps of Auschwitz, Birkenau, and Majdanek. I was chosen for this
task from a field of experts numbering one, and recommended by those states in
the USA where lethal gas chambers are used to execute convicted criminals. My
forensic analysis and subsequent report prove beyond any shadow of a doubt that
there were no gas execution facilities operated by the Nazis at these sites. I
also entered these findings (which are also detailed in my published report)
into the court record in sworn testimony in Toronto as a court-qualified expert.
Because I was somewhat naive at the time, I was not aware that by so testifying
I was offending the organized world Jewish community. By providing final,
definitive proof that there were no execution gas chamber utilized for genocidal
purposes by the Germans at these wartime camps, I established the simple fact
that the Holocaust story is not true. What I did not know was that anyone
expressing such beliefs is guilty of a capital crime: that of thinking and
telling the unspeakable truth about the greatest lie of the age.
I would have to pay for this crime. While I innocently told the truth in
Toronto, plans were made, and subsequently implemented, for a major effort to
destroy me. If I could be destroyed and discredited -- so the reasoning went --
no one would accept my professional findings, no matter how truthful.
Overview
Since April 1988, when I testified in the second Zuendel trial in Toronto about
my inspection of the alleged gas chambers in Poland, my life has been turned
upside down.
I have been vilified both privately and publicly in all forms of the media. My
clients have been cajoled and threatened into not dealing with me. High-level
law enforcement officials, acting for personal reasons, have lied about me and
have prevented clients from dealing with me. My person and reputation have been
defiled by lies and innuendo. My family and I have been repeatedly threatened.
Behind this campaign to punish me and suppress the truth about the gas chambers,
have been several Jewish organizations, which have publicly vowed to silence me
by destroying my ability to make a living.
At the forefront of this effort has been Beate Klarsfeld of the Paris-based
Klarsfeld Foundation. In the United States, the campaign has been orchestrated
through the US-based "Holocaust Survivors and Friends in Pursuit of
Justice." Associated with these two organizations have been the
Anti-Defamation League of the B'nai B'rith and the Jewish Defense League.
At Klarsfeld's initiative, these groups first carried out an extensive one year
investigation. After they were unable to turn up any impropriety or wrongdoing
on my part, they began to threaten prison wardens with political consequences if
they dealt with me. This first came to light when the ABC television news
program, "Prime Time," decided to do a network television piece on
myself and my work. This involved filming at various prisons. Prison wardens
advised the "Prime Time" personnel of the threats and problems that
resulted from my presence at the prisons for the filming. ABC news was told not
to air the program. It refused to succumb to the pressure, and consequently
suffered vilification by the organizations involved.
To sum up here, this campaign has consisted of the following:
- Threats against prison officials who dealt with me.
- False and slanderous vilification through private channels, as well as
publicly in newspapers and magazines.
- Legislation to prevent me from working at my profession.
- Criminal prosecution for working at my profession.
- Lies by public officials spread both officially and privately.
- Restriction of my personal freedom and right to travel by effecting my
illegal arrest and imprisonment in England, from where I was finally
deported.
- Interference with my right as an American citizen to help and protection
from the US State Department, which refused to assist me during my illegal
imprisonment in England.
As a result of this campaign, my livelihood has been destroyed, and my career
has been ruined. All this for telling the truth under oath.
The organizations cited above also interfered with the execution in Illinois of
a certain Mr. Walker by threatening to pass legislation to prevent that state
from allowing me to complete an ongoing contract. As a result, Director McGinnis
ultimately yielded to this pressure and proceeded with the execution using
equipment known to be defective. Under pressure from these groups, and through
the efforts of Alabama Deputy Attorney General, Ed Carnes, the State of Alabama
did not purchase a new electric chair. Carnes wrote a lying memorandum to all
Departments of Corrections around the United States claiming that I was
dangerous and held unorthodox views on execution. He caused the State to breach
its contract. According to his office, this means I support only humane and
painless executions. Carnes actually lied to me to get me to testify that a
prior execution was humane.
As a direct result of interference by these groups, at least one man was
tortured to death in Virginia. Purchasing agents and wardens have been
mendaciously told that my equipment failed during an execution, which is not
true. It has never failed. Delaware Deputy Attorney General Silverman breached
my contract, which was already underway, because I wrote the Zuendel trial
Leuchter Report. This contract was for maintenance on their lethal injection
machine and gallows, previously fabricated by me, and for training of their
execution personnel. Delaware has refused to pay me for the work I completed,
and has instructed me to keep the control module of their lethal injection
machine. However, the protocol I wrote for execution by hanging was submitted by
them and approved by the court system. In Massachusetts, legislation
specifically designed to put me out of business has been filed for four years
running.
Finally, and also at the insistence of these same Jewish groups, a spurious
criminal complaint was filed against me in the Massachusetts court system with
the intent of destroying my reputation by putting me in prison for three months.
I was charged with practicing as an engineer without a license. In point of
fact, a license is not required in Massachusetts, or any other state, unless the
engineer is involved in construction of buildings, and is certifying compliance
with specifications. There is also a statutory exemption for engineers who do
not deal with the general public.
As confirmation of the spurious nature of this charge, it should be pointed out
there are more than fifty thousand practicing engineers in Massachusetts, of
whom only five thousand are licensed. Although the state's licensing law has
been in effect since 1940, there has been no record of any prosecution for this
offense.
The charge was improperly brought. Nevertheless, if it had been successful, and
I had been convicted, I would have been imprisoned for three months.
The Massachusetts state Engineering Board, under pressure from Klarsfeld and her
"Holocaust Survivors and Friends in Pursuit of Justice," filed this
criminal complaint in Middlesex County. The name of the complainant was denied
me, and was not made available until the matter was brought before the court.
Before the complaint was issued, and several times thereafter, I was given the
chance to recant in return for non-issuance or dismissal of the complaint. I
also would have been obliged to give up my profession, in order to discredit my
Report. I refused, and responded to the Board's threat with a denial that any
law had been violated. The original clerk magistrate who issued the complaint
apologized for bowing to Jewish pressure in prosecuting me under a statute that
was being mis-applied. A representative of the ADL tried to force her testimony
on the hearing, but was denied access because she had no evidence to offer that
was pertinent to the matter. The District Court judge, in an excellent imitation
of Pontius Pilate, summarily dismissed our motions for dismissal, allowed my
court-appointed attorney to withdraw, and instructed Kirk Lyons, Director of the
Cause Foundation and my out-of-state attorney, to re-file our motions for
dismissal, because they all had merit. After it became clear that there would be
no justice for us in the Malden District Court, we moved the case to Superior
Court for a jury trial.
With this charge hanging over my head, it was impossible for me to consult,
supply equipment, or even act as an expert witness in American courts, as I had
often done.
The district attorney's office, under heavy pressure from various Jewish
organizations, selected its best prosecuting attorney to handle my case. In the
belief that he would be the person most likely to bring about a conviction, he
was pulled from a murder trial. In June, just prior to the trial, our motions
for dismissal were heard. The judge, also under heavy pressure from Jewish
groups, told the district attorney that this case was not properly a criminal
matter, and strongly suggested that the case be resolved short of a trial. With
the ever-present possibility of conviction and jail (faced by most political
prisoners) we negotiated a settlement.
A very special consent agreement was signed [on June 11, 1991] that made legal
history in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The agreement was not a promise by
the defendant to the court, as is normally the case, but an agreement between
the State Engineering Board and myself. The board which, on two previous
occasions, had refused to accept my application for registration because they do
not register people who practice my discipline, was required to become a party
to the agreement. [For more on this agreement, see the IHR Newsletter,
July-August 1991, p. 3.]
The consent agreement requires the board to accept my application and process it
with "due diligence." Until the application is approved, or until two
years are up, I have agreed not to use the title "engineer" or issue
an engineering opinion in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. This is, in effect,
a temporary gag order imposed to satisfy the interested Jewish groups.
By removing the case from consideration by criminal courts, the possibility of
my imprisonment has been eliminated. If the Engineering Board fails to process
and issue a license to me within a reasonable period, and in due course, the
matter should then move to the civil courts. Attorney Lyons is presently
preparing the necessary application. However, a new problem has arisen. All
applications must be accompanied by the recommendations of three state-licensed
engineers, but none is willing to risk the wrath of the Jews in my behalf.
The de facto gag order, imposed by the settlement, applies only within the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and I am free to pursue my profession anywhere
else.
Most of the execution equipment in the United States is either worn out,
obsolete, or improperly fabricated, and is in need of repair or replacement. I
am the only person who does this work, and states are being denied the right to
deal with me. Although wardens and commissioners are afraid to even speak with
me, they often do so anyway through intermediaries. One state has a leaking gas
chamber, but will use it, endangering the lives of guards and witnesses, rather
than risk discovery in dealing with me. How many more inmates will be tortured,
or lives lost, through the callous interference of these Jewish groups?
Owing to the successful conspiracy of these Jewish groups, I am completely out
of business, unable to find work to feed my family. In spite of everything,
though, I am still here, and I am still telling the truth. Furthermore, I intend
to continue to tell the truth. If the organized Jewish community wants to stop
me, it will have to try much harder.
Moreover, attempts to discredit the Leuchter Report have failed, most notably
with Pressac's inept analysis. Since the release of the Leuchter Report [in
1988], independent evidence has shown that the six million death figure has been
grossly exaggerated, and an investigation by the Polish state forensic institute
[among others] has corroborated that no gas was utilized in the alleged
execution chambers at Auschwitz.
England
In the spring of 1991, David Irving asked me if I would consider a speaking |